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[hal-02648090] Geographical Variations of the Essential Oils in Natural Populations of Cupressus atlantica Gaussen in High Atlas Mountains (Morocco)
The compositions of the essential oils isolated from leaves of five natural populations of Cupressus atlantica (Cupressaceae), an endemic species from Morocco, were investigated by GC-FID and GC-MS. The analysis showed sixty one constituents, of which fifty seven constituents were identified, accounting for 83.8-95.5 % of the total oils. These oils were dominated by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; four of them (germacrene D, delta-cadinene, gamma-cadinene and beta-caryophyllene,) constituted 21- 52.2 % of the oil, except for Talat N'os population which showed a high rate of monoterpene hydrocarbons (41.4 %). Quantitative, rather than qualitative difference of components found in the essential oil was noted. This variation seems to depend on environmental aspects existing in the plant collection sites.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (My Youssef Arjouni) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648090v1
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[hal-01228847] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire [i]Plasmopara halstedii[/i] agent responsable de la maladie du mildiou du tournesol
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Frederic Suffert) 13 Nov 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01228847v1
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[hal-02637388] The EASIN Editorial Board: quality assurance, exchange and sharing of alien species information in Europe
The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) aims to facilitate the exploration of alien species information in Europe, and is recognized as the information system supporting European Union Member States in the implementation of the recently published Invasive Alien Species Regulation. In this paper, we present the role and activities of the EASIN Editorial Board (EB), which is responsible for the quality assurance, safeguarding and constant improvement of EASIN. The EB is supported by a web platform that facilitates online discussions about alien species. This platform creates a virtual community by providing a forum-like interface that is moderated by the EB Members but is freely accessible to the scientific community and the general public. It allows all registered users to make comments, raise questions and share experience and expertise on alien species in Europe. Moreover, it provides a means for exchanging opinions and solving disputes in a transparent way. The overall EB activity is commonly agreed upon procedures and standards.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Konstantinos Tsiamis) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02637388v1
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[hal-05485107] From forest decline to salvage logging: cascading impacts on saproxylic beetle diversity
Understanding the cascading effects of forest decline on saproxylic communities is fundamental for optimizing the management of disturbed forests toward biodiversity conservation objectives. We postulated that the nature and intensity of cascading pathways would vary along decline gradients, encompassing stages from stand decline to mortality and subsequent salvage logging, as mediated by shifts in habitat conditions and resource availability. This study was conducted across three representative European forest contexts: fir forests in the French Pyrenees, spruce forests in the Bavarian Alps, and oak forests in the lowlands of the Loire Valley. Within these systems, we assessed how the taxonomic and functional α-diversity of saproxylic beetles responded to variations in both the diversity and density of deadwood and tree-related microhabitats (TreMs). Our analyses identified key cascading effects of stand decline and mortality that were shaped by the considered beetle guild and by the forest type, reflecting tree species–specific disturbance legacies. Stand decline and mortality produced distinct responses within saproxylic beetle assemblages, as different successional guilds preferentially utilized either dying or dead trees. The overall influence of decline processes was positive in conifer-dominated forests. TreMs played a central role in mediating cascading processes structuring saproxylic beetle communities throughout the forest decline continuum. The increase in TreM heterogeneity associated with stand decline or mortality enhanced saproxylic diversity, with exposed wood and trunk injuries identified as particularly influential microhabitats. Snags and large deadwood elements, especially in spruce forests, and deadwood diversity further contributed to sustaining high levels of beetle diversity. Conversely, salvage logging exerted detrimental effects on numerous guilds, primarily through reductions in TreM diversity, decreased TreM trait dispersion, and the depletion of saproxylic TreMs. Given the pronounced context dependency of the processes driving these cascading community dynamics, and considering the increasing frequency, severity, and spatial extent of forest disturbances and global forest decline, it is imperative to integrate this complexity into management and conservation frameworks. Addressing these mechanisms with greater precision will be critical for maintaining functional biodiversity within rapidly changing forest ecosystems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 30 Jan 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05485107v1
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[hal-05546422] DATASAPROX: standardised dataset from protocolled sampling of saproxylic beetles in continental France and Corsica
As part of the DATASAPROX project, we created an occurrence dataset of the saproxylic beetles from continental France and Corsica focused on protocolled data from flight interception traps. For this, we solicited the main national data producers and collected their raw data as well as the associated trapping metadata (e.g. type of trap). Once retrieved, all data went through selection and reformatting steps, including the removal of duplicates between datasets and the standardisation of taxonomic information according to the TAXREF v.18 format. We considered data from specific aerial interception traps: crossed window (©Polytrap, ©Pimul, ©Crosstrap, ©Portrap), multi-funnel (Lindgren) and window (single glass) traps. We aggregated a dataset constituting 675,525 records from 21 data producers and providers, including 485 identified projects. This dataset includes a total of 71 families, 153 subfamilies, 738 genera and 2039 species of saproxylic beetles. Data points encompass all 96 counties from continental France and Corsica for a total of 8969 geographic points and 66,202 samples. This new standardised dataset on saproxylic beetles offers new opportunities for ecological studies and conservation applications.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christopher Bosc) 10 Mar 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05546422v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-01607330] Potential effects of climate warming on the survivorship of adult Monochamus galloprovincialis
1- Ecologists have explored widely the consequences of climate change on insect species distribution and fitness. Although most studies have assessed the effect of increasing mean temperatures on individual performances, the response to temporal thermal variations, including the magnitude and frequency of extreme temperatures, has often been overlooked. 2- In the present study, we hypothesized that insect performances increase with increasing mean temperatures but decrease under more variable thermal conditions. We used a manipulative experiment to compare the longevity and weight variation of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) under three climatic conditions in which the mean and variance of daily temperatures were both controlled. This insect is vector of the invasive nematode, Bursapheluncus xylophilus, which is the causal agent of the pine wilt disease, one of the major threats to pine forests in Europe. 3- Our results showed that an increase of 2.5 °C in average temperature had no effect on the survivorship and weight variations of the beetle. By contrast, larger fluctuating variations of temperature across year resulted in significantly lower longevity, whereas weight remained unchanged. 4- The results of the present study suggest that the effect of global warming on the survival of M. galloprovincialis is likely to be driven by change in temperature stability rather than by change in mean temperature.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guillaume David) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01607330v1
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[hal-02664477] High intercontinental migration rates and population admixture in the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma ips
Ophiostoma ips is a common fungal associate of various conifer-infesting bark beetles in their native ranges and has been introduced into non-native pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we used 10 microsatellite markers to investigate the population biology of O. ips in native (Cuba, France, Morocco and USA) and non-native (Australia, Chile and South Africa) areas to characterize host specificity, reproductive behaviour, and the potential origin as well as patterns of spread of the fungus and its insect vectors. The markers resolved a total of 41 alleles and 75 haplotypes. Higher genetic diversity was found in the native populations than in the introduced populations. Based on the origin of the insect vectors, the populations of O. ips in Australia would be expected to reflect a North American origin, and those in Chile and South Africa to reflect a European origin. However, most alleles observed in the native European population were also found in the native North American population; only the allele frequencies among the populations varied. This admixture made it impossible to confirm the origin of the introduced Southern Hemisphere (SH) populations of O. ips . There was also no evidence for specificity of the fungus to particular bark beetle vectors or hosts. Although O. ips is thought to be mainly selffertilizing, evidence for recombination was found in the four native populations surveyed. The higher genetic diversity in the North American than in the European population suggests that North America could be the possible source region of O. ips.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Zhou Xudong) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02664477v1
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[hal-05069460] Invasions et expansions : contexte
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Stéphane Brault) 15 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05069460v1
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[hal-05117222] Surveillance des espèces exotiques envahissantes et contrôle aux frontières
Le transport de végétaux ou de produits végétaux dans le monde représente d’énormes quantités de marchandises capables de traverser de grandes distances en des temps record. Mais ce commerce international offre aussi de nombreuses possi-bilités aux « plus petits » pour voyager et s’introduire incognito sur de nouveaux territoires. Insectes, champignons, phytophthoras, etc., transitent sur les végétaux, le bois, les écorces ou même dans le sol. Si la zone d’accueil leur convient, ils peuvent engendrer de gros dommages sur les végétaux qui n’ont jamais eu la possibilité de mettre en place des systèmes de défense adaptés. Il est donc important de protéger les végétaux, les arbres, les forêts, face au risque d’introductions de bioagresseurs exotiques, et de minimiser au mieux cette menace.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Morgane Goudet) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05117222v1
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[hal-05086945] Retour d'expérience du Douglas
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François-Xavier Saintonge) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05086945v1
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[hal-05087095] Ravageurs sur eucalyptus
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François-Xavier Saintonge) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05087095v1
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[hal-05086888] Evolution de la gamme d'essences exotiques forestières et ses répercussions
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François-Xavier Saintonge) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05086888v1
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[hal-05117145] Comment quantifier et expliquer les aires de distribution et leur expansions ?
Pour caractériser le déplacement des aires de distribution (invasions/expansions), il est nécessaire de cartographier leur aire de distribution à différentes années. Le phénomène d'expansion, commun aux espèces exotiques envahissantes et aux espèces natives en expansion, est le résultat de deux processus principaux : la dispersion et l'établissement. La probabilité d'établissement dépend notamment des conditions météorologiques dans le territoire où les individus sont nouvellement arrivés. C'est pour cette raison que, dans ce chapitre, nous abordons : les méthodes de cartographie des insectes forestiers ravageurs, les méthodes pour mesurer leurs capacités de dispersion, et les différentes sources possibles des variables météorologiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05117145v1
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[hal-05119119] Modélisation des capacités d'invasion et d'expansion de bioagresseurs forestiers
<div><p>La modélisation est un outil qui peut permettre, d'une part, de tester des hypothèses que l'on ne pourrait pas tester facilement sur le terrain dans le but de mieux comprendre le mécanisme en jeu, et, d'autre part, de faire des simulations et des prédictions. Dans le cadre des invasions biologiques, différents types de modèles ont été développés. Ils s'intéressent aux différentes étapes d'une invasion : l'arrivée d'une espèce invasive, son établissement et son expansion. Dans ce chapitre, nous présentons un modèle décrivant la probabilité d'entrée d'un bioagresseur forestier avec l'importation de bois, des modèles de distribution qui permettent d'identifier les territoires dans lesquels il pourrait s'établir, des modèles de dispersion, et des modèles d'expansion qui décrivent à la fois les capacités de dispersion, d'établissement et de croissance des populations. Enfin, nous terminons sur une approche plus prospective. En dehors de l'étape d'entrée, les autres types de modèles peuvent être appliqués aussi bien à des espèces exotiques envahissantes qu'à des espèces natives en expansion.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119119v1
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[hal-05117257] Approches en développement : prospectives sur la détection précoce
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05117257v1
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[hal-04449380] Multi-tissue metabolic and transcriptomic responses to a short-term heat stress in swine
Background Heat stress (HS) is an increasing threat for pig production with a wide range of impacts. When submitted to high temperatures, pigs will use a variety of strategies to alleviate the effect of HS. While systemic adaptations are well known, tissue-specific changes remain poorly understood. In this study, thirty-two pigs were submitted to a 5-day HS at 32 °C. Results Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on several tissues. The results revealed differentially expressed genes and metabolites in different tissues. Specifically, 481, 1774, 71, 1572, 17, 164, and 169 genes were differentially expressed in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, blood, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands, respectively. Regulatory glands (pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal) had a lower number of regulated genes, perhaps indicating an earlier sensitivity to HS. In addition, 7, 8, 2, and 8 metabolites were differentially produced in muscle, liver, plasma, and urine, respectively. The study also focused on the oxidative stress pathway in muscle and liver by performing a correlation analysis between genes and metabolites. Conclusions This study has identified various adaptation mechanisms in swine that enable them to cope with heat stress (HS). These mechanisms include a global decrease in energetic metabolism, as well as changes in metabolic precursors that are linked with protein and lipid catabolism and anabolism. Notably, the adaptation mechanisms differ significantly between regulatory (pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands) and effector tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, liver and blood). Our findings provide new insights into the comprehension of HS adaptation mechanisms in swine.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 12 Feb 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04449380v1
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[hal-03881017] Multi-omics and multi-tissues data to improve the understanding of heat stress adaptation mechanisms
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 01 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03881017v1
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[hal-03533022] Plasticity of feeding behaviour traits in response to production environment (temperate vs. tropical) in group-housed growing pigs
Heat stress affects pig metabolism, health and welfare, resulting in reduced growth and important economic losses. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of two climatic environments [temperate (TEMP) vs. tropical humid (TROP)] on feeding behaviour in growing pigs. The feeding behaviour traits were measured with automated feeders and included: daily feed intake, daily eating time, feeding rate, daily number of meals, feed intake per meal, and feeding time per meal. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW, heat sensitive) and Creole (CR, heat tolerant) pigs. The same 10 F1 LW × CR boars (sire families [SF]) were mated with related LW sows in each environment. Feeding behaviour was recorded for a total of 1,296 pigs (n = 634 pigs for TEMP and n = 662 pigs for TROP) between 11 and 23 weeks of age. Growth performance and thermoregulatory responses (rectal and skin temperatures) were also measured. Results show that TROP conditions affect feeding behaviour traits: animals had more meals per day but these meals were smaller both in duration and in size, resulting in lower daily feed intake and less time eating per day. Significant SF by environment (GxE) interactions were found for all feeding behaviour traits. When SF were distributed into robust and sensitive groups (previously defined according to performance and thermoregulatory traits), results showed group by environment interactions for all feeding traits, except meal frequency. Moreover, a significant difference in feeding rate between robust and sensitive group was detected in TEMP, suggesting that feeding rate may be a good candidate to evaluate heat tolerance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nausicaa Poullet) 25 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03533022v1
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[hal-04672656] Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence
In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Soubeyrand) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04672656v1
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[hal-03698341] Systematics of Slovenian Dahlica Enderlein, 1912, subgenus Brevantennia Sieder, 1953 (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
The subgenus Brevantennia Sieder, 1953 of the genus Dahlica Enderlein, 1912 (Psychidae: Dahlicini) is represented by a group of 10 bagworm moth species, distributed in southwest and southeast Europe northwards to the Alps and Carpathians. This study is a revision of the subgenus Brevantennia species occurring in Slovenia based on our own comprehensive field studies, DNA barcoding and morphological analysis. Dahlica (B.) santicensis (Sieder, 1957) is established as bona spec. and D. (B.) gorskikotarica Weidlich, 2015, syn. nov. is synonymised with D. (B.) santicensis. Both D. (B.) adriatica (Rebel, 1919) and D. (B.) triglavensis (Rebel, 1919) are confirmed to occur in Slovenia. D. (B.) styriaca (Meier, 1957) is excluded from the checklist of Slovenian Lepidoptera fauna.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jurij Rekelj) 17 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03698341v1
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[hal-05551275] Two new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from New Caledonia inducing galls on Glochidion billardierei (Phyllanthaceae) and redescription of C. xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880)
New Caledonia is a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of micro-endemism, yet its gracillariid fauna remains poorly documented. Here, two new species of Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 (Gracillariidae) are described from Glochidion J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst. (Phyllanthaceae) host plants in Parc des Grandes Fougères, New Caledonia: Caloptilia augeas Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken &amp; Ohshima, sp. nov ., and Caloptilia ceryneia Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken &amp; Ohshima, sp. nov . Both species induce leaf galls on Glochidion billardierei Baill., co-occurring on the same host species, sometimes even on the same leaf. They exhibit distinct wing patterns, but very similar male and female genitalia, and DNA barcoding supports their status as separate species. These findings provide evidence for potential within-host sympatric speciation, as documented in other gall-inducing insects. The larval biology of C. augeas and C. ceryneia reveals a unique frass disposal behaviour, whereby waste is excreted through a hole and the aperture is subsequently sealed—an adaptation not previously reported in gall-inducing Lepidoptera. Our findings double the known number of gall-inducing species in Gracillariidae, highlighting that this life history strategy may be more common than currently appreciated. We also provide new information on distribution and host plants of Caloptilia xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880), a leaf roller found on the same host plant, G. billardierei . These findings mark the first records of the subfamily Gracillariinae in New Caledonia. This study underscores the underexplored diversity of New Caledonian gracillariids and emphasises the conservation value of Parc des Grandes Fougères. Further surveys in the Indo-Pacific region may reveal additional yet undescribed Caloptilia species associated with Phyllanthaceae and help clarify the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning their diversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 13 Mar 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05551275v1
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[hal-02624078] Blurring alien introduction pathways risks losing the focus on invasive species policy
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philip E Hulme) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02624078v1
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[hal-02626987] Alien Pathogens on the Horizon: Opportunities for Predicting their Threat to Wildlife
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2020 invasive alien species (IAS) should be identified and their impacts assessed, so that species can be prioritised for implementation of appropriate control strategies and measures put in place to manage invasion pathways. For one quarter of the IAS listed as the “100 of the world's worst”, environmental impacts are linked to diseases of wildlife, undomesticated plants and animals. Moreover, IAS are a significant source of ‘pathogen pollution’ defined as the human-mediated introduction, often unintentional, of a pathogen to a new host or region. Despite this, little is known about the biology of alien pathogens and their biodiversity impacts after introduction into new regions. We argue that the threats posed by alien pathogens to endangered species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services should receive greater attention through legislation, policy and management. We identify ten key areas for research and action, including those relevant to the processes of introduction and establishment of an alien pathogen and to prediction of the spread and associated impact of an alien pathogen on native biota and ecosystems. The development of interdisciplinary capacity, expertise and coordination to identify and manage threats was seen as critical to address knowledge gaps.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen E. Roy) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626987v1
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[hal-01602700] Troubling travellers: are ecologically harmful alien species associated with particular introduction pathways?
Prioritization of introduction pathways is seen as an important component of the management of biological invasions. We address whether established alien plants, mammals, freshwater fish and terrestrial invertebrates with known ecological impacts are associated with particular introduction pathways (release, escape, contaminant, stowaway, corridor and unaided). We used the information from the European alien species database DAISIE (www.europe-aliens.org) supplemented by the EASIN catalogue (European Alien Species Information Network), and expert knowledge. Plants introduced by the pathways release, corridor and unaided were disproportionately more likely to have ecological impacts than those introduced as contaminants. In contrast, impacts were not associated with particular introduction pathways for invertebrates, mammals or fish. Thus, while for plants management strategies should be targeted towards the appropriate pathways, for animals, management should focus on reducing the total number of taxa introduced, targeting those pathways responsible for high numbers of introductions. However, regardless of taxonomic group, having multiple introduction pathways increases the likelihood of the species having an ecological impact. This may simply reflect that species introduced by multiple pathways have high propagule pressure and so have a high probability of establishment. Clearly, patterns of invasion are determined by many interacting factors and management strategies should reflect this complexity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jan Pergl) 26 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01602700v1
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[hal-02668026] Alien species in a warmer world : risks and opportunities
Climate change and biological invasions are key processes affecting global biodiversity, yet their effects have usually been considered separately. Here, we emphasise that global warming has enabled alien species to expand into regions in which they previously could not survive and reproduce. Based on a review of climate-mediated biological invasions of plants, invertebrates,fishes and birds, we discuss the ways in which climate change influences biological invasions. We emphasise the role of alien species in a more dynamic context of shifting species’ ranges and changing communities. Under these circumstances, management practices regarding the occurrence of ‘new’ species could range from complete eradication to tolerance and even consideration of the ‘new’ species as an enrichment of local biodiversity and key elements to maintain ecosystem services.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gian-Reto Walther) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02668026v1
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[hal-01000928] A decision-support scheme for mapping endangered areas in pest risk analysis
This paper describes a decision-support scheme (DSS) for mapping the area where economically important loss is likely to occur (the endangered area). It has been designed by the PRATIQUE project to help pest risk analysts address the numerous risk mapping challenges and decide on the most suitable methods to follow. The introduction to the DSS indicates the time and expertise that is needed, the data requirements and the situations when mapping the endangered areas is most useful. The DSS itself has four stages. In stage 1, the key factors that influence the endangered area are identified, the data are assembled and, where appropriate, maps of the key factors are produced listing any significant assumptions. In stage 2, methods for combining these maps to identify the area of potential establishment and the area at highest risk from pest impacts are described, documenting any assumptions and combination rules utilised. When possible and appropriate, Stage 3 can then be followed to show whether economic loss will occur in the area at highest risk and to identify the endangered area. As required, Stage 4, described elsewhere, provides techniques for producing a dynamic picture of the invasion process using a suite of spread models. To illustrate how the DSS functions, a maize pest, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and a freshwater invasive alien plant, Eichhornia crassipes, have been used as examples.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Richard H. A. R. H. A. Baker) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000928v1
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[hal-02623059] Plant diversity drives global patterns of insect invasions
During the last two centuries, thousands of insect species have been transported ( largely inadvertently) and established outside of their native ranges worldwide, some with catastrophic ecological and economic impacts. Global variation in numbers of invading species depends on geographic variation in propagule pressure and heterogeneity of environmental resistance to invasions. Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis, proposed over sixty years ago, has been widely explored for plants but little is known on how biodiversity affects insect invasions. Here we use species inventories from 44 land areas, ranging from small oceanic islands to entire continents in various world regions, to show that numbers of established insect species are primarily driven by diversity of plants, with both native and non-native plant species richness being the strongest predictor of insect invasions. We find that at large spatial scales, plant diversity directly explains variation in non-native insect species richness among world regions, while geographic factors such as land area, climate and insularity largely affect insect invasions indirectly via their effects on local plant richness.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrew M. Liebhold) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623059v1
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[hal-02638263] Crossing frontiers in tackling pathways of biological Invasions
Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, and major frontiers in research and management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints, and discuss major challenges in four broad fields of pathway research and management: pathway classification, application of pathway information, management response, and management impact. We present approaches to describe and quantify pathway attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies of introduction effort, environmental and socioeconomic contexts) and how they interact with species traits and regional characteristics. We also provide recommendations for a research agenda with particular focus on emerging (or neglected) research questions and present new analytical tools in the context of pathway research and management.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02638263v1
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[hal-02650956] Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt
Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called “invasion debt.” Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02650956v1
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[hal-02639671] Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years
Globalization is triggering an increase in the establishment of alien insects in Europe, with several species having substantial ecological and economic impacts. We investigated long-term changes in rates of species spread following establishment. We used the total area of countries invaded by 1171 insect species for which the date of first record in Europe is known, to estimate their current range radius (calculated as [invaded area](0.5)/pi). We estimated initial rates of radial spread and compared them among different groups of insects for all years (1800-2014) and for a subset of more recent decades (1950-2014). Accidentally introduced species spread faster than intentionally introduced species. Considering the whole period 1800-2014, spread patterns also differ between feeding guilds, with decreasing spread rates over residence time in herbivores but not in detritivores or parasitic species. These decreases for herbivorous species appeared mainly in those associated with herbaceous plants and crops rather than woody plants. Initial spread rate was significantly greater for species detected after 1990, roughly 3-4 times higher than for species that arrived earlier. We hypothesize that the political changes in Europe following the collapse of the Iron Curtain in 1989, and the further dismantling of customs checkpoints within an enlarged European Union (EU) have facilitated the faster spread of alien insect species. Also, the number of species first recorded in the Eastern Bloc of the politically-divided Europe before 1989 was lower than for the rest of Europe. A detailed analysis of six recent invaders indicated a dominant role of long-distance translocations related to human activities, especially with the plant trade, in determining rates of spread.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02639671v1
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[hal-02648399] Open minded and open access: introducing NeoBiota, a new peer-reviewed journal of biological invasions
The Editorial presents the focus, scope, policies, and the inaugural issue of NeoBiota, a new open access peer-reviewed journal of biological invasions. The new journal NeoBiota is a continuation of the former NEOBIOTA publication series. The journal will deal with all aspects of invasion biology and impose no restrictions on manuscript size neither on use of color. NeoBiota implies an XML-based editorial workflow and several cutting-edge innovations in publishing and dissemination, such as semantic markup of and enhancements to published texts, data publication, and extensive cross-linking within the journal and to external sources.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ingolf Kuhn) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648399v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01186876] Effects of the Training Dataset Characteristics on the Performance of Nine Species Distribution Models: Application to Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Many distribution models developed to predict the presence/absence of invasive alien species need to be fitted to a training dataset before practical use. The training dataset is characterized by the number of recorded presences/absences and by their geographical locations. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of the training dataset characteristics on model performance and to compare the relative importance of three factors influencing model predictive capability; size of training dataset, stage of the biological invasion, and choice of input variables. Nine models were assessed for their ability to predict the distribution of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a major pest of corn in North America that has recently invaded Europe. Twenty-six training datasets of various sizes (from 10 to 428 presence records) corresponding to two different stages of invasion (1955 and 1980) and three sets of input bioclimatic variables (19 variables, six variables selected using information on insect biology, and three linear combinations of 19 variables derived from Principal Component Analysis) were considered. The models were fitted to each training dataset in turn and their performance was assessed using independent data from North America and Europe. The models were ranked according to the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and the likelihood ratio. Model performance was highly sensitive to the geographical area used for calibration; most of the models performed poorly when fitted to a restricted area corresponding to an early stage of the invasion. Our results also showed that Principal Component Analysis was useful in reducing the number of model input variables for the models that performed poorly with 19 input variables. DOMAIN, Environmental Distance, MAXENT, and Envelope Score were the most accurate models but all the models tested in this study led to a substantial rate of mis-classification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maxime Dupin) 29 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01186876v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-01000935] Rating and mapping the suitability of the climate for pest risk analysis
The assessment of the suitability of the climate for pest establishment is an important part of pest risk analysis (PRA). This paper describes the work undertaken by the EU 7th Framework project PRATIQUE (Enhancements of Pest Risk Analysis Techniques) to develop guidance for this component of PRA. Firstly, there is a guide to rating the suitability of the climate in the PRA area using qualitative methods. Secondly, a Decision-support scheme (DSS) has been created to assist analysts in deciding whether to map climatic suitability, and to guide the selection of the most appropriate method from the large number available. The process of selecting a climatic mapping method is based on a review of the pest's climatic responses and distribution. A spreadsheet provides a comparison of the potential problems that can arise, depending on the mapping method and on the amount and quality of available data. Diagrams are provided to help choose the location data category that best represents the possible biases in the known distribution of the pest. A second spreadsheet provides general information on the differences and similarities of each method in terms of categories such as functionality, ease of use and quality assurance. A variety of data, tools and supporting documents are available as appendices to the DSS. All of the tools and guides are freely available online.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominic D. Eyre) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000935v1
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[hal-02800872] Assessing the invasion probability of the pine wood nematode with imported wood
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02800872v1
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[hal-01605939] Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of larch budmoth outbreaks in the French Alps over the last 500 years
In the subalpine forest ecosystems of the French Alps, European larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.) are periodically affected by outbreaks of a defoliating insect, the larch budmoth (Zeiraphera griseana (Hubner, 1799); LBM). To assess the long-term dynamics of LBM populations, we propose a spatiotemporal analysis of a long outbreak chronology reconstruction for the entire French Alps covering the period 1414-2009. This chronology was obtained by analyzing tree ring width (TRW) chronologies collected from 44 larch populations. The evidence of a latitudinal gradient in LBM is an original result that we have related to the "travelling waves" and "epicenter" theory. Wavelet analyses revealed a strong explicit continuous signal for periodicities of 4, 8, and 16 years throughout the entire 1500-2003 time series, except for a loss of power from 1690 to 1790 and since the early 1980s. We hypothesize that these abrupt changes could reflect a physiological response of LBM to past climatic variations. The spatial and temporal variability of LBM outbreaks and the propagation phenomenon in the French Alps highlighted by this study raises questions regarding its future dynamics in response to the expected climate change.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mélanie Saulnier) 09 May 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01605939v1
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[hal-02799782] Genetic diversity and structure at different spatial scales in the processionary moths
This chapter presents the evolutionary history of Thaumetopoea species associated with pines, at different temporal and spatial scales. It corresponds to recent discoveries and ongoing works using sequencing technologies and population genetics. Most of the subchapters focus on the winter pine processionary moths T. pityocampa/T. wilkinsoni including a population with a shifted life cycle. Results concerning the summer pine processionary moth T. pinivora and the evolution of the whole genus are also presented. This chapter gives insights about the effects of Quaternary climate changes in different regions, and allow to study the contemporary changes due to the present climate warming.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799782v1
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[hal-02800322] Evolutionary History of the Genus Thaumetopoea
This chapter presents the evolutionary history of Thaumetopoea species associated with pines, at different temporal and spatial scales. It corresponds to recent discoveries and ongoing works using sequencing technologies and population genetics. Most of the subchapters focus on the winter pine processionary moths T. pityocampa/T. wilkinsoni including a population with a shifted life cycle. Results concerning the summer pine processionary moth T. pinivora and the evolution of the whole genus are also presented. This chapter gives insights about the effects of Quaternary climate changes in different regions, and allow to study the contemporary changes due to the present climate warming.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02800322v1
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[hal-03846951] A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe
Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arthur Fauviau) 10 Nov 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03846951v1
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[hal-04169153] Latitudinal gradient in avian insectivory: complementary effects of climate, habitat and bird diversity
According to the Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis (LBIH), the general increase in biodiversity towards lower latitudes can be partially explained by an increase in the intensity of biotic interactions. While LBIH received some support for plant-herbivores interactions, much less is known about how higher trophic levels may contribute to shape biotic interactions across latitudinal gradients. We hypothesized that the diversity of insectivorous birds increases towards lower latitude, leading to higher predation rates on insect herbivores. Location Europe. Taxon Insectivorous birds and pedunculate oaks. Methods We deployed plasticine caterpillars in 138 oak trees in 47 sites along a 19° latitudinal gradient in Europe to quantify bird insectivory through predation attempts. In addition, we used passive acoustic monitoring to (i) characterize the acoustic diversity of surrounding soundscapes; and (ii) infer both taxonomic and functional diversity of insectivorous birds from recordings. Results The functional diversity of insectivorous birds increased towards lower latitude. Bird predation increased with latitude, forest cover and bird acoustic diversity but decreased with mean annual temperature and functional richness of insectivorous birds. Contrary to our predictions, latitudinal clines in bird predation attempts were not directly mediated by changes in insectivorous bird diversity or acoustic diversity, but latitude and habitat still had independent effects on predation attempts. Main conclusions Our study does not fully support the predictions of the LBIH of more biotic interactions southwards and advocates for better accounting for activity and abundance of insectivorous birds when studying the large-scale variation in insect-tree interactions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Schillé) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04169153v1
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[hal-03079078] Contrasting responses of habitat conditions and insect biodiversity to pest- or climate-induced dieback in coniferous mountain forests
Natural disturbances are major drivers of forest dynamics. However, in the current context of anthropogenic global warming, shifts in disturbance regimes are expected. Natural disturbances usually leave biological or structural legacies which are important for early-successional species. Nevertheless, these legacies are usually eliminated by forest managers through salvage logging. Here, we investigated the consequences of forest dieback and the following salvage logging on both forest habitat conditions and saproxylic beetle communities. We conducted our study in two types of conifer-dominated highland forests: Pyrenean silver fir (Abies alba) which has suffered drought-induced dieback and Bavarian Norway spruce (Picea abies) which has suffered bark beetle-induced (Ips typographus) dieback. In both of the forest contexts, dieback provided a biological legacy through an increase in deadwood resources; however, this increase was much greater in the spruce forests. Nonetheless, despite this increase in resources, neither type of forest gained in total abundance or species richness after disturbance, compared to healthy stands. Nevertheless, the species composition of saproxylic beetle composition was significantly affected by dieback in spruce stands, but not in the silver fir forests. In the spruce plots, saproxylic beetles responded positively to the large increase in deadwood in the declining stands, including a very strong positive response from red listed species. Saproxylic beetle assemblages in spruce forests were mainly drove by canopy openness and deadwood amount. In the silver fir plots, we did not observed responses from the saproxylic beetle communities to deadwood amount increase. This lack of response may be explained by the relatively low amount of deadwood generated by the drought-induced dieback. Concerning salvage logging, it caused stronger contrasts in spruce forests than in silver fir forests, where it generally had no significant impact. For example, in spruce forests, salvage logging reduced the density of large snags by 91% and large logs by 87% compared with unharvested declining plots. Most of the significant environmental effects on biodiversity associated with dieback were no longer significant after accounting for the salvaged plots in our study data. Then, forest dieback and salvage logging induced much sharper and stronger effects on environmental and community metrics in the spruce than in the silver fir forests. The contrast between Bavaria and the French Pyrenees seems partly related to dieback severity. Finally, we invite forest managers to conserve biological and structural legacies through patches of deadwood-rich areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 07 Jun 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03079078v1
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[anses-04353534] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Xylotrechus chinensis »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marchés d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi (Gahan, 1906) ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 19 Dec 2023
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04353534v1
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[anses-04616086] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « l’avenant à la saisine de catégorisation de 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques incluant Xylotrechus chinensis »
Xylotrechus chinensis (XYLOCH) est un insecte longicorne originaire de la région paléarctique orientale (Chine, Corée du Nord, Corée du Sud, Japon et Taïwan) dont la présence a été signalée pour la première fois sur le territoire de l’Union européenne (UE) en Espagne (depuis 2013 en Catalogne, 2018 à Valence), en Grèce (depuis 2017 en Crète, 2019 à Athènes), en France (depuis 2017 en Occitanie, 2018 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine) et en Italie (depuis 2023 en Lombardie) où il cause des dégâts sur mûrier platane (Morus bombycis). Selon les données scientifiques fournies précédemment par l’Anses et dans un avis de l’EFSA publié en 2021 , cet organisme nuisible se développe préférentiellement dans les arbres de la famille des Moraceae (Morus alba, M. bombycis et M. australis). X. chinensis est inscrit depuis 2018 sur la liste d'alerte de l'OEPP . Dans son avis de 2021, l’EFSA indique que cet organisme remplit les critères pour être catégorisé comme organisme de quarantaine de l'Union européenne (UE) sans prendre en compte les éventuelles sous-espèces et en précisant comme autre source d'incertitude la réelle étendue de sa présence sur le territoire européen. Sur le territoire français X. chinensis a été classé temporairement comme organisme réglementé en 2022. Des actions de surveillance ont été conduites pour tenter de délimiter le périmètre des foyers observés et d’identifier les potentiels impacts. Des échanges ont eu lieu ultérieurement au niveau de l’UE concernant la possibilité de réglementer cet organisme sur le territoire de l’Union ; cette option n’a pas été retenue à ce stade compte tenu notamment des capacités de dispersion rapide de l’organisme nuisible et de son impact économique qui semble limité aux plantes du genre Morus. En France, la surveillance a mis en évidence des attaques sévères sur certains individus du genre Morus. Elle a également montré que les foyers concernent des surfaces importantes dans les régions de Sète et de Bordeaux; leur éradication ne semble pas réalisable d’autant qu’ils se situent dans des espaces urbanisés, ce qui complexifie la mise en œuvre de mesures de gestion. Pour autant, la mise en œuvre de mesures de lutte dans le but de maintenir un niveau de population le plus bas possible pour limiter les impacts et la propagation de l’organisme nuisible pourrait avoir du sens dans certains contextes compte tenu des éléments suivants : - les mûriers sont des arbres d’ornement dont la présence est relativement importante en particulier dans le sud de la France et certains de ces mûriers ont une valeur patrimoniale ; les foyers ont une surface encore limitée par rapport à l’aire de répartition des mûriers en France ; la gestion des arbres infestés peut représenter un enjeu de sécurité pour les municipalités ; même si jusqu’à présent, l’organisme n’a été identifié que sur mûrier dans l’UE, il n’est pas possible d’exclure à ce jour qu’il puisse s’attaquer à des espèces d’intérêt agronomique (des échanges sont en cours avec l’INRAE à ce sujet dans le but d’essayer de lever certaines incertitudes). (extrait)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 18 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04616086v1
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[anses-04608634] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Euplatypus hintzi »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL1 en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF2. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères ravageurs des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 11 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04608634v1
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[anses-04855184] Avis de L'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces - Cycle biologique, - Plantes hôtes, - Symptômes, - Aires de distribution, - Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, - Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement - Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, - Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, - Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination - Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, - Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles - Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, - Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris est présentée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 24 Dec 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04855184v1
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[anses-04718536] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Amasa parviseta »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 02 Oct 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04718536v1
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[anses-05175671] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Cordylomera spinicornis »
L’Anses a été saisie le 27 janvier 2023 par la direction générale de l’alimentation du ministère de l’agriculture et de la souveraineté alimentaire pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : Catégorisation de huit espèces d’insectes exotiques dont Cordylomera spinicornis. CONTEXTE ET OBJET DE LA SAISINE Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée ,potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières, de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et ,infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, à priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces • Cycle biologique, • Plantes hôtes, • Symptômes, • Aires de distribution, • Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, • Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement • Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, • Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, • Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination • Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, • Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles • Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, • Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Cordylomera spinicornis sera présentée
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 22 Jul 2025
https://anses.hal.science/anses-05175671v1
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[hal-01607810] Seven recommendations to make your invasive alien species data more useful
Science-based strategies to tackle biological invasions depend on recent, accurate, well-documented, standardized and openly accessible information on alien species. Currently and historically, biodiversity data are scattered in numerous disconnected data silos that lack interoperability. The situation is no different for alien species data, and this obstructs efficient retrieval, combination, and use of these kinds of information for research and policy-making. Standardization and interoperability are particularly important as many alien species related research and policy activities require pooling data. We describe seven ways that data on alien species can be made more accessible and useful, based on the results of a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) workshop: (1) Create data management plans; (2) Increase interoperability of information sources; (3) Document data through metadata; (4) Format data using existing standards; (5) Adopt controlled vocabularies; (6) Increase data availability; and (7) Ensure long-term data preservation. We identify four properties specific and integral to alien species data (species status, introduction pathway, degree of establishment, and impact mechanism) that are either missing from existing data standards or lack a recommended controlled vocabulary. Improved access to accurate, real-time and historical data will repay the long-term investment in data management infrastructure, by providing more accurate, timely and realistic assessments and analyses. If we improve core biodiversity data standards by developing their relevance to alien species, it will allow the automation of common activities regarding data processing in support of environmental policy. Furthermore, we call for considerable effort to maintain, update, standardize, archive, and aggregate datasets, to ensure proper valorization of alien species data and information before they become obsolete or lost.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin J. Groom) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01607810v1
