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[hal-04498528] Dataset documenting prevalence and counts of pine processionary moth tents on local host trees in 3 regions of France with different climatic environments
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a defoliating lepidopter that develops during winter. The larvae are gregarious and bear urticating setae that are harmful to humans and vertebrates. They shelter in conspicuous silk tents that are easy to detect. We here present a dataset comprising tree characterization and tent counts from 3 agglomerations in France located in regions with different climatic environments. The studied trees belong to various conifer species that are potential hosts for the caterpillars. In each site, we defined clusters as one target tree and its 10–62 nearest neighbors, and surveyed each tree within the clusters by informing: tree species, coordinates, size, number of tents. We characterized a total of 3690 trees, including 2009 trees in Orléans (grouped in 68 clusters), 359 trees in La Baule (18 clusters) and 1322 trees in Montpellier (52 clusters). We provide the raw data characterizing each individual tree, graphs showing the prevalence and mean number of tents for the tree species included in the survey, and maps allowing to locate each tree. This dataset brings information about host preference of the pine processionary moth and will be useful as a baseline to study spatio-temporal variability of host-insect relationships. It can also be informative for decision-makers and managers of urban greenings to avoid trees that are likely to be heavily infested for plantation in proximity to vulnerable people.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhué) 11 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04498528v1
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[hal-05117145] Comment quantifier et expliquer les aires de distribution et leur expansions ?
Pour caractériser le déplacement des aires de distribution (invasions/expansions), il est nécessaire de cartographier leur aire de distribution à différentes années. Le phénomène d'expansion, commun aux espèces exotiques envahissantes et aux espèces natives en expansion, est le résultat de deux processus principaux : la dispersion et l'établissement. La probabilité d'établissement dépend notamment des conditions météorologiques dans le territoire où les individus sont nouvellement arrivés. C'est pour cette raison que, dans ce chapitre, nous abordons : les méthodes de cartographie des insectes forestiers ravageurs, les méthodes pour mesurer leurs capacités de dispersion, et les différentes sources possibles des variables météorologiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05117145v1
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[hal-05117257] Approches en développement : prospectives sur la détection précoce
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05117257v1
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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 17 Jul 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[anses-05175671] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Cordylomera spinicornis »
L’Anses a été saisie le 27 janvier 2023 par la direction générale de l’alimentation du ministère de l’agriculture et de la souveraineté alimentaire pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : Catégorisation de huit espèces d’insectes exotiques dont Cordylomera spinicornis. CONTEXTE ET OBJET DE LA SAISINE Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée ,potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières, de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et ,infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, à priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces • Cycle biologique, • Plantes hôtes, • Symptômes, • Aires de distribution, • Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, • Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement • Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, • Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, • Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination • Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, • Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles • Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, • Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Cordylomera spinicornis sera présentée
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 22 Jul 2025
https://anses.hal.science/anses-05175671v1
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[hal-03045949] Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees
Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gaëtane Le Provost) 17 Oct 2023
https://hal.science/hal-03045949v1
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[hal-04160992] Management options for non-native forest pests along their invasion pathways
Editorial of a special issue of Neobiota on "Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Jactel) 13 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04160992v1
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[hal-04638781] Improving monitoring and management methods is of the utmost importance in countries at risk of invasion by the pinewood nematode
The invasive pine wood nematode is a major threat to pine forests worldwide, causing extensive tree mortality. Although scientific knowledge and control measures are continuously improving, important gaps remain. We argue that some key questions, notably related to early detection and pest management, need to be urgently tackled in countries at risk of invasion such as France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 08 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04638781v1
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[hal-02653040] Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2011-30 september 2011
This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis,Menippe mercenaria,Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchagu¨ensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S.W. A'Hara) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02653040v1
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[hal-02740183] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740183v1
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[hal-01423445] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 29 Dec 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01423445v1
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[hal-05042678] Invasion et expansion d'insectes bioagresseurs forestiers.
Occupant près d’un tiers du territoire de la France métropolitaine, les forêts représentent un enjeu important pour la production de bois et la préservation des écosystèmes faiblement anthropisés. Elles sont devenues un levier fort dans les politiques publiques pour stocker le carbone et atténuer les effets du changement climatique. Leur santé est donc un élément majeur à prendre en compte à l’heure où les forêts subissent des conditions climatiques difficiles propices aux insectes bioagresseurs indigènes et exotiques. Cet ouvrage présente les différents facteurs impliqués dans les déplacements de ces insectes, et illustre l’impact du changement climatique, de l’intensification des échanges commerciaux et des changements des essences avec des cas d’étude bien documentés. Il décrit les approches génériques et innovantes pour la surveillance, l’évaluation des risques et la gestion, et s’élargit aux risques multiples auxquels les forêts font face. Soixante auteurs de différentes disciplines nous aident ainsi à comprendre la dynamique spatio-temporelle des insectes bioagresseurs et à mieux connaître les moyens de surveillance et de gestion. L’ouvrage est destiné principalement à l’enseignement supérieur, aux scientifiques, aux ingénieurs et aux gestionnaires forestiers.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 09 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05042678v1
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[hal-05069460] Invasions et expansions : contexte
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Stéphane Brault) 15 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05069460v1
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[hal-04171596] Dynamique d’expansion d’une population introduite de Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) en France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 31 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171596v1
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[hal-03211695] DNA barcoding for bio-surveillance of emerging pests and species identification in Afrotropical Prioninae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
DNA barcoding has been succesfully used for bio-surveillance of forest and agricultural pests in temperate areas, but has few applications in the tropics and particulary in Africa. Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Prioninae species that is locally causing extensive damage in commercially-grown sugarcane in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Due to the risk of spread of this species to the rest of southern Africa and to other sugarcane growing regions, clear and easy identification of this pest is critical for monitoring and for phytosanitary services. The genus Cacosceles Newman, 1838 includes four species, most being very similar in morphology. The damaging stage of the species is the larva, which is inherently difficult to distinguish morphologically from other Cerambycidae species. A tool for rapid and reliable identification of this species was needed by plant protection and quarantine agencies to monitor its potential abundance and spread. Here, we provide newly-generated barcodes for C. newmannii that can be used to reliably identify any life stage, even by non-trained taxonomists. In addition, we compiled a curated DNA barcoding reference library for 70 specimens of 20 named species of Afrotropical Prioninae to evaluate DNA barcoding as a valid tool to identify them. We also assessed the level of deeply conspecific mitochondrial lineages. Sequences were assigned to 42 different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 28 of which were new to BOLD. Out of the 20 named species barcoded, 11 (52.4%) had their own unique Barcode Index Number (BIN). Eight species (38.1%) showed multiple BINs with no morphological differentiation. Amongst them, C. newmannii showed two highly divergent genetic clusters which co-occur sympatrically, but further investigation is required to test whether they could represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 29 Apr 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03211695v1
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[hal-05162481] Employing hydrogen stable isotope analysis for traceability of invasive pine wood nematode vector insects
Abstract BACKGROUND Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , the pathogen responsible for pine wilt disease, significantly threatens pine forests globally, with rapid infection leading to tree mortality within 40 days. This disease spreads efficiently through vector beetles, with Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius serving as the primary vectors and Monochamus galloprovincialis being considered a potential vector in China. Molecular traceability and stable isotope traceability are both important techniques for insect tracing, each with its own advantages and limitations. Molecular traceability, such as DNA‐based methods, offers high specificity and accuracy in identifying insect species, but it may require more complex procedures and higher costs due to the need for advanced equipment and skilled personnel. Stable isotope tracing, however, provides conservative and high‐precision signatures, and is label‐free, making it suitable for tracing the origins and pathways of insects in complex environments. Using the method of degreasing, the fat of the sample epidermis was removed, only the bone part was left, and the abdominal cavity was emptied to prevent the food from affecting the determination of hydrogen isotope. The present study aimed to trace the geographic origins of these vector insects in China using hydrogen stable isotope ratios, providing a novel tool for disease management. RESULTS Data processing and modeling were conducted using R and Origin software, yielding the equation y = 0.9822 x + 19.1765. Statistical tests confirmed the model's significance and fit. Results indicate a significant positive correlation of temperature and precipitation with atmospheric hydrogen isotopic composition. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the model's applicability in tracking the spread of pine wilt vectors, offering a promising approach to forest pathogen management. If the sample isotope test value is brought into the model and marked in the partition diagram, it can be proved that the model can effectively identify the source information of the sample. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jun Ding) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05162481v1
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[hal-05162545] Insect invasion success depends on taxon and trophic group
The majority of non-native animal species globally are insects, though some insect species are more successful invaders than others. These differences can be attributed, in part, to differences among dominant trophic groups. Previous analyses indicate that insect herbivores are generally over-represented among non-native species while other groups, such as predators, are under-represented. Here we explore how invasion success varies among insect taxa and trophic groups. We quantify over-representation in species grouped by taxon (order or family) and larval trophic group (herbivore, detritivore, predator, parasite, brood carer); over- and under-representation is computed by comparing proportional representation of groups among non-native species in 12 world regions with total numbers in these same groups globally. Although herbivores are generally the most successful group among non-natives, we found their invasion success to vary among their taxonomic groups: herbivores are over-represented among Hemiptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Hymenoptera, but under-represented among Lepidoptera and Orthoptera; similar patterns are seen at the family-level within orders. Even after accounting for trophic group, some orders were still over-represented. Within trophic groups, this pattern appeared strongest for herbivores, where predominantly parthenogenetic families belonging to the Hemiptera and Thysanoptera were over-represented in non-native assemblages, while families in the Lepidoptera and Polyneoptera were under-represented. Over time (1850s to 2000s), fractions of non-native species numbers in certain orders and trophic groups have varied, such as among parasites, where a considerable turnover took place from mostly bird-lice (Psocodea) in the 19 th century to parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera) in the 20 th century. It is thus likely that factors other than trophic group, such as associations with invasion pathways (e.g., plants, wood packaging), cause the observed differences in the over-representation of families belonging to different orders.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Richard Mally) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05162545v1
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[hal-05151321] Genetic diversity within and among populations of Diprion pini (Hym., Diprionidae) determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA‐polymerase chain reaction of haploid males
Abstract: Based on haploid males, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic variation within and among four French populations and one Finnish outgroup population of the common pine sawfly, Diprion pini (L.), representing a severe European forest pest associated with mass outbreaks. Taking into account that all multilocus haplotypes were detected, a total of 140 individuals were completely discriminated by means of 17 polymorphic markers (present or absent), which were amplified from nine selected random‐decamer primers. All populations shared the same genetic types, but pronounced population‐specific frequency distributions were found, indicating that on average 84% of the present genetic variation exists within populations and the remaining smaller part counts for interpopulational variation. The haplotype differentiation registered was able to distinguish between the class of lowland populations and the class of highland populations. Reproductive isolation and therefore limited altitudinal gene flow, indicated in case of a French highland population by an enlarged number of fixed markers, and hitchhiking effects with respect to selective processes at certain loci following local adaptation and speciation are discussed to explain the population structures found. A possible selection is indicated by five markers, showing significantly different frequency distributions between the class of highland populations and the class of lowland populations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (R. Baumann) 08 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05151321v1
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[hal-05057758] Exploring the taxonomic status of the Palearctic cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris, inferred from morphometric and molecular data
The Scots pine cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) widely distributed from Europe, across to North-Eastern China, consumes the cones of Mediterranean pines, as well those of the sylvestris section. The use of multiple host pine species with limited and patchy distributions, combined with low dispersal rates, likely contributed to significant genetic and morphological variation among P. validirostris populations in its native range. P. validirostris is being considered as a biological control agent for wilding pines in the southern hemisphere and for this programme to proceed, elucidating its intraspecific variability is necessary. This study aimed to explore the phylogeography of P. validirostris in its native range in Europe using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers as well as morphological characters. The integrative taxonomic analysis revealed high genetic structuring in P. validirostris populations, identifying three main phylogeographic clades: Clade A (Iberian Peninsula, associated with Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis ), Clade B (Central Europe), and Clade C (Northern and Eastern Europe), both associated with Pinus species of the sylvestris section. The morphometric data showed that adults of the Iberic Peninsula clade were significantly larger than those of the two others. When compared to other Nearctic and Palearctic congeneric species, P. validirostris formed a monophyletic group, likely consisting of different evolutionary lineages within the sampled distribution. The findings highlight the necessity of genetic confirmation for insect taxonomy across wide distributions or multiple host trees. Clarifying whether host specificity or geography drives P. validirostris population structuring will facilitate the selection of a specific clade for wilding pine biological control.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Coralie Bertheau) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05057758v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-03218374] Interesting lessons we can learn using past herbarium collections for studying forest insect pest invasions
Historical herbaria collected around the world are valuable source of data for studying past communities of folivore organisms and tracking their distributions through the time. Here we examined the world biggest herbarium collection stored in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France) in order to explore past Tilia-feeding endophage complexes and their populations in the Holarctic and clarify the expansion history of the lime leafminer, Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata, 1963 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), an invasive pest in Europe damaging limes, Tilia spp. (Malvaceae).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 05 May 2021
https://hal.science/hal-03218374v1
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[hal-03217254] Tracking the colonization patterns of an expanding forest pest and its natural enemies using molecular markers
Climate change is influencing population dynamics of several pest insect species leading to the expansion of their range. Range expansion can be driven also by human-mediated dispersal, with the establishment of new insect populations in suitable areas far from their native range. In this process, interactions between insects and their natural enemies can change due to new environmental conditions or to different rate of dispersion. In recent years, pine processionary moth (PPM), one of the main forest pests in the Mediterranean region, is expanding its range favored by both higher winter mean temperatures and accidental human-mediated transportation. Here we outlined the genetic structure of PPM along its range in France using 23 microsatellites loci, characterizing the main patterns of expansion of this species and identifying the source populations of new colonies in the expansion areas. These data can be employed for developing assignment tools to genetically characterize PPM for a quick identification of their origin area. Finally, we developed a new set of microsatellite primers for the PPM specialist egg-parasitoid in order to track its dispersion following its host in the expanding areas. The low genetic variability found, not directly useful for tracking parasitoid expansion, shed light on the role of bacterial endosymbionts in the population genetic structure of this species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 05 May 2021
https://hal.science/hal-03217254v1
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[hal-05130990] Incorporating Neglected Insect Larvae in Species Inventories: DNA Barcoding as an Effective Tool for All‐Stage Invertebrate Identification in Tree Holes
<div><p>Invertebrates, especially insects, are an integral part of biodiversity. Many species live in forest ecosystems where they play a key role in decomposing wood and maintaining ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, global changes, like fires, storms, and pest outbreaks, are impacting insect diversity, reinforcing the need for long-term biomonitoring to understand and tackle these issues. Forests are heterogeneous ecosystems with tree-related microhabitats (TReMs) such as tree holes, which are important for ecosystem diversity. Conventional identification approaches for species inventories are frequently hampered by the extensive and hidden diversity of insect larval stages. Thus, there is a crucial need to develop tools that facilitate inventories of these ecological niches and allow the incorporation of such hidden diversity into long-term monitoring studies. To that end, we explored the biodiversity found in tree holes within French state forests using DNA barcoding and addressed challenges associated with traditional morphological identification methods. Results demonstrate the successful application of DNA barcoding in identifying nearly 62% of all invertebrates sampled from tree holes to the species level. Sampled invertebrates comprised 44% of larvae (566 individuals), of which nearly 50% could be assigned a species name. In total, 108 species and 173 barcode index numbers (BINs, used as species proxy) were molecularly inventoried, and 39% of these identified species were solely represented by larvae in our sampling. Our study highlights the usefulness of DNA-based identification methods and the significance of including larvae in biodiversity assessments to gain insights into species abundance and functional diversity. It also underscores the necessity of ongoing and parallel developments of DNA reference libraries to improve species molecular identification rates and accuracy, and the need to investigate potential non-destructive alternatives for biomonitoring. These efforts aim to ensure thorough and precise monitoring of invertebrate communities in tree holes and similar microhabitats.</p></div> <div>| Introduction<p>Invertebrates, particularly insects, constitute the vast majority of life on Earth (Stork 2018), but their remarkable diversity and critical ecological roles remain largely undocumented. In forest ecosystems, one-third of the entomofauna are saproxylic insects that help with wood decomposition and nutrient cycling (Ulyshen and Šobotník 2018). For example French forests host 2663 species of saproxylic Coleoptera (Bouget et al.</p></div> <div>2019). However, insects have experienced significant declines<p>This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 26 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05130990v1
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[hal-02680402] Variation in the suitability of pinus sylvestris to feeding by two defoliators, Diprion pini (Hym., Diprionidae) and Graellsia isabellae galliaegloria (Lep., Attacidae)
Abstract: Feeding bioassays were conducted on several Pinus sylvestris clones to establish if there were any differences in suitability for two pine defoliators: the sawfly Diprion pini L. (Hym., Diprionidae), which causes considerable damage in Europe, and the rare and protected moth Graellsia isabellae galliaegloria Oberthür (Lep., Attacidae). There were significant differences in survival, weight, sex‐ratio and female fecundity of D. pini on Scots pine clones. However, sawfly survival appeared to be the most stable variable in time and three clone categories were revealed by conducting feeding bioassays on 16 clones. The survival of G. isabellae galliaegloria until the formation of the chrysalis was significantly different among clones. It varied from 35 to 75% but no clear clone category was distinguished . The two clone classifications according to insect survival showed differences. In particular, one unsuitable clone for D. pini development appeared to be favourable to moth development. The 3‐carene richness of foliage was significantly linked with sawfly survival and the monoterpene composition of foliage was not linked with G. isabellae galliaegloria survival.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (F. Barre) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02680402v1
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[hal-05128229] Testing a trapping protocol for generic surveillance of wood-boring beetles in heterogeneous landscapes
Baited traps are a basic component of both specific and generic surveillance programs targeting wood-boring beetles at risk of introduction to new habitats because of global trade. Among the numerous protocols developed over the years for generic surveillance of longhorn beetles, jewel beetles, and bark and ambrosia beetles is the simultaneous use of black multi-funnel traps set up in the understory and green multi-funnel traps set up in the canopy of forested areas surrounding ports and other entry points. These traps are commonly baited with multi-lure blends of pheromones and host volatiles. In this study, we tested this trapping protocol in areas surrounding eight entry points located in Europe and North America to determine: i) the relative performance of black-understory traps and green-canopy traps among the targeted taxa; and ii) whether the dissimilarity among communities of beetles collected by the understory vs. canopy traps was affected by taxon and amount of forest cover in the traps’ surroundings. A total of 96,963 individuals belonging to 358 species of wood-boring beetles were collected, including 21 non-native species. Black-understory multi-funnel traps were generally more efficient than green-canopy multi-funnel traps for detecting longhorn beetles and bark and ambrosia beetles, whereas the opposite trend was observed for jewel beetles. Differences between beetle communities caught in black-understory and green-canopy traps were mainly attributed to differences in species richness in jewel beetles, while both differences in species richness and species turnover contributed to the dissimilarity between communities of longhorn beetles and bark and ambrosia beetle. The difference in the number of jewel beetle species caught by the two trapping methodologies decreased with increasing forest cover, whereas species turnover increased when moving from an urban-dominated to a forest-dominated landscape. Overall, these results suggest that the simultaneous use of both black-understory and green-canopy multi-funnel traps can be considered a very efficient approach for generic surveillance of longhorn beetles, jewel beetles and bark and ambrosia beetles in both urban-dominated and forest-dominated areas surrounding entry points.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giacomo Santoiemma) 24 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05128229v1
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[hal-03366792] Preventing invasions of Asian longhorn beetle and citrus longhorn beetle: are we on the right track?
Two Asian longhorn beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis, are among the most serious alien invasive species attacking forest and urban trees, both in North America and Europe. Major efforts have been put into preventing further entry and establishment of the two species as well as promoting their successful eradication. Here, we review these efforts, their progress and outcome, and scientific advancements in monitoring and control methods. The combined international activities and harmonizing legislative changes in detection and eradication methods have proven worthwhile, with more than 45% of eradication programmes successful in the last 12 years. Some countries were able to completely eradicate all populations and others managed to reduce the area affected. Although the costs of the eradication programmes can be very high, the benefits outweigh inaction. Attempts to eradicate A. chinensis have been more challenging in comparison with those targeting A. glabripennis. For both species, efforts are hampered by the ongoing arrival of new beetles, both from their native regions in Asia and from other invaded regions via bridgehead effects. The methods used for eradication have not changed much during the last decade, and host removal is still the method most commonly used. On the other hand, detection methods have diversified during the last decade with advances in semiochemical research and use of detection dogs. The next decade will determine if eradications continue to be successful, particularly in the case of A. chinensis, which has been targeted in some countries for containment instead of eradication. Key Message: • Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are invasive wood borers native to Asia • Both species are serious pests in their invaded range, attacking healthy forest and urban trees • We analyse data from 2008–2020, regarding interceptions, establishments and eradications • In Europe and North America more than 45% of eradication programmes were successful • Innovations on management strategies and recent scientific achievements are reviewed
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sofia Branco) 05 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03366792v1
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[hal-01602725] Processionary Moths and Associated Urtication Risk: Global Change-Driven Effects
Processionary moths carry urticating setae, which cause health problems in humans and other warm-blooded animals. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa has responded to global change (climate warming and increased global trade) by extending its distribution range. The subfamily Thaumetopoeinae consists of approximately 100 species. An important question is whether other processionary moth species will similarly respond to these specific dimensions of global change and thus introduce health hazards into new areas. We describe, for the first time, how setae are distributed on different life stages (adult, larva) of major groups within the subfamily. Using the available data, we conclude that there is little evidence that processionary moths as a group will behave like T. pityocampa and expand their distributional range. The health problems caused by setae strongly relate to population density, which may, or may not, be connected to global change.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrea Battisti) 02 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01602725v1
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[hal-05054582] Warmer and brighter winters than before: Ecological and public health challenges from the expansion of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa)
Highlights: • We model the geographic range of the pine processionary moth (PPM). • Three species distribution models are constructed using tree-based methods. • Interpretable machine learning reveals climate variables limiting the PPM's distribution. • A significant northward expansion is projected for the coming decades. • A contraction of suitable regions is expected in North Africa by 2040–2060. Abstract: Assessing the species ecological responses to ongoing climate change is a critical challenge in environmental science. Rising temperatures, particularly in winter, are altering the distribution patterns of many species, including the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis &amp; Schiffermuller, 1775). This Mediterranean species, a significant defoliator of conifers, is expanding its range northward as winter temperatures increase. The larvae of PPM also pose serious public health risks due to their ability to induce allergic reactions in humans, pets, and livestock. To better understand these ecological shifts, we calibrated three distribution models (Bayesian Additive Regression Trees, Boosted Regression Trees, and Random Forest) based on historical and modern occurrence data compiling of 1769 points, and assessed climate suitability under historical, current and future conditions. Our results show that winter minimum temperatures, summer maximum temperatures, and solar radiation significantly influence the life cycle, and shape the geographical distribution of PPM. Under current conditions, PPM could extend its range further north, but its limited flight capabilities hinder its ability to keep up with the pace of climate change. Future projections suggest continued northward expansion, although solar radiation is expected to limit the northernmost range of PPM. Certain host tree species of PPM are frequently used as ornamental plants, particularly in urban areas, which makes the careful selection of these species a potentially valuable tool for management. Our findings identify regions that are likely to become suitable for PPM colonization, where proactive measures could be implemented.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Pierre Rossi) 02 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05054582v1
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[hal-01602134] Genetic diversity of the invasive box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, in its native and invaded areas and preliminary phylogeographic approach.
During the recent decades, ornamental plant trade has triggered the introduction of alien invasive insects in Europe. An ever increasing number of these alien species originates from Asia, such as the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis, a species native of China, Korea and Japan, which has recently been introduced into Europe. Since its first observation in Germany in 2007, the box tree moth has spread rapidly all over Europe, causing important damage on commonly planted ornamental box trees. The ornamental trade between Europe and China is hypothesized as the pathway of its primary introduction while the trade within Europe could have favored its rapid spread. In order to disentangle invasion pathways, samples of C. perspectalis were collected in China, Korea and in 13 of the 25 invaded European countries. We analyzed 174 sequences of mitochondrial markers COI and COII from the native and invaded areas in order to check the genetic variability, and to develop a preliminary phylogeographical approach. In the Asian populations, we observed 7 haplotypes divided into 3 haplogroups, and 4 of those haplotypes were also observed in Europe. Our preliminary results did not show evidence of genetic structure in the native range, which did not allow to define the potential donor regions but the presence of several Asian haplotypes in Europe in addition to a low but significant geographical structure is in favor of multiple introductions. Nevertheless, more populations need to be sampled in the area of origin together with the definition of more polymorphic markers in order to better understand the invasion pathways of C. perspectalis.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Bras) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01602134v1
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[hal-02620716] A population genetic study of the egg parasitoid Baryscapus servadeii reveals large scale automictic parthenogenesis and almost fixed homozygosity
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa - T. wilkinsoni is one of the main defoliators of pine and cedar forests in the Mediterranean area. Its distribution is currently expanding northward and to higher altitudes due to climate warming. This species is associated with a rich community of predators and parasitoids. The specialist egg parasitoid Baryscapus servadeii is among the most abundant, and is thought to significantly affect the population dynamics of its host. To determine if the parasitoid tracks the range expansion of its host and shows similar population genetic patterns, we developed eight de novo microsatellite markers using SSR enrichment and 454 pyrosequencing. Despite a large-scale sampling design, ranging from Northern Africa to Western Europe, Crete and Cyprus, genotyping revealed an unexpectedly high level of homozygosity and reduced genetic diversity, with 90% of studied individuals being characterized by only 2 multi-locus genotypes. We then tested if B. servadeii is associated with parthenogenesis-inducing endobacteria, and found that most individuals were associated with a Rickettsia symbiont, not Wolbachia. Interestingly, genetic diversity and an absence of symbionts were documented in some individuals of the congeneric hyperparasitoid B. transversalis, which were found in the same samples. Altogether, the results suggest that microsatellite nuclear markers will not be useful for deciphering the demography and range expansion routes of this parasitoid. However, B. servadeii can be considered an interesting and novel example of Rickettsia inducing thelytoky in chalcid parasitoids.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 20 Jul 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02620716v1
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[hal-04171694] Early detection of exotic xylophagous species using generic lures at potential ports-of-entry in Europe
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171694v1
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[hal-02629304] Forest Insects and Climate Change
Purpose of Review Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013-2017) on this subject including previous reviews on the topic. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the subject, with special attention to insect range expansion, insect abundance, impacts on forest ecosystems, and effects on forest insect communities. We considered forest insects according to their major guilds and biomes. Recent Findings Effects of climate change on forest insects are demonstrated for a number of species and guilds, although generalizations of results available so far are difficult because of species-specific responses to climate change. In addition, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change is complex due to the large number of variables affected. Modeling based on climate projections is useful when combined with mechanistic explanations. Summary Expansion of either the true range or the outbreak range is observed in several model species/groups of major insect guilds in boreal and temperate biomes. Mechanistic explanations are provided for a few species and are mainly based on increase in winter temperatures. In relation to insect abundance, climate change can either promote outbreaks or disrupt trophic interactions and decrease the severity of outbreaks. There is good evidence that some recent outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliating insects are influenced by climate change and are having a large impact on ecosystems as well as on communities of forest insects.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Deepa S. Pureswaran) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629304v1
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[hal-02907131] Pathologists and entomologists must join forces against forest pest and pathogen invasions
The world’s forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests. Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often the same and that insects and fungi often coexist in the same affected trees. Innovative methods for preventing invasions, early detection and identification of non-native species, modelling of their impact and spread and prevention of damage by increasing the resistance of ecosystems can be shared for the management of both pests and diseases. We, therefore, make recommendations to foster this convergence, proposing in particular the development of interdisciplinary research programmes, the development of generic tools or methods for pest and pathogen management and capacity building for the education and training of students, managers, decision-makers and citizens concerned with forest health.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Jactel) 27 Jul 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02907131v1
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[hal-02650907] Taxon-specific PCR for DNA barcoding arthropod prey in bat faeces
The application of DNA barcoding to dietary studies allows prey taxa to be identified in the absence of morphological evidence and permits a greater resolution of prey identity than is possible through direct examination of faecal material. For insectivorous bats, which typically eat a great diversity of prey and which chew and digest their prey thoroughly, DNA-based approaches to diet analysis may provide the only means of assessing the range and diversity of prey within faeces. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in determining the diets of bat species that specialize in eating different taxa of arthropod prey. We designed and tested a novel taxon-specific primer set and examined the performance of short barcode sequences in resolving prey species. We recovered prey DNA from all faecal samples and subsequent cloning and sequencing of PCR products, followed by a comparison of sequences to a reference database, provided species-level identifications for 149/207 (72%) clones. We detected a phylogenetically broad range of prey while completely avoiding detection of nontarget groups. In total, 37 unique prey taxa were identified from 15 faecal samples. A comparison of DNA data with parallel morphological analyses revealed a close correlation between the two methods. However, the sensitivity and taxonomic resolution of the DNA method were far superior. The methodology developed here provides new opportunities for the study of bat diets and will be of great benefit to the conservation of these ecologically important predators.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matt R. K. Zeale) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02650907v1
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[hal-04169153] Latitudinal gradient in avian insectivory: complementary effects of climate, habitat and bird diversity
According to the Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis (LBIH), the general increase in biodiversity towards lower latitudes can be partially explained by an increase in the intensity of biotic interactions. While LBIH received some support for plant-herbivores interactions, much less is known about how higher trophic levels may contribute to shape biotic interactions across latitudinal gradients. We hypothesized that the diversity of insectivorous birds increases towards lower latitude, leading to higher predation rates on insect herbivores. Location Europe. Taxon Insectivorous birds and pedunculate oaks. Methods We deployed plasticine caterpillars in 138 oak trees in 47 sites along a 19° latitudinal gradient in Europe to quantify bird insectivory through predation attempts. In addition, we used passive acoustic monitoring to (i) characterize the acoustic diversity of surrounding soundscapes; and (ii) infer both taxonomic and functional diversity of insectivorous birds from recordings. Results The functional diversity of insectivorous birds increased towards lower latitude. Bird predation increased with latitude, forest cover and bird acoustic diversity but decreased with mean annual temperature and functional richness of insectivorous birds. Contrary to our predictions, latitudinal clines in bird predation attempts were not directly mediated by changes in insectivorous bird diversity or acoustic diversity, but latitude and habitat still had independent effects on predation attempts. Main conclusions Our study does not fully support the predictions of the LBIH of more biotic interactions southwards and advocates for better accounting for activity and abundance of insectivorous birds when studying the large-scale variation in insect-tree interactions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Schillé) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04169153v1
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[hal-03643504] The importance of phenotypic heterogeneity in biological invasions
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 15 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03643504v1
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[hal-03643496] How Merizodus soledadinus, a carabid predator native from forests in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, rapidly invaded sub-Antarctic islands with no trees
The ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus is a generalist predator originating Patagonia and accidentally introduced in 1913 in one of the most isolated places on Earth, the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. There, this flightless insect has invaded hypersaline strand lines and now inland habitats, causing local extinctions of invertebrates soon after its arrival in new sites. While its invasion has long been studied, little is known about its distribution and preferred habitats in the native range. It was first described from the Malvinas and Tierra del Fuego, but a field survey showed that populations can be found on mainland South America, further inland and northward than initially thought, where they most often thrive in the litter of Nothofagus sp. trees. This finding raised a number of questions on the factors and traits that facilitate the success of this non-cosmopolitan species in such contrasted conditions, from Patagonian forests to hypersaline habitats invaded in treeless islands. The good match between this voracious beetle and the endemic prey communities it encountered on Kerguelen is likely allowed by its broad opportunistic diet, high starvation resistance and high physiological plasticity. Its survival in inter-tidal areas is permitted by a high salinity tolerance, which is hard to reconcile with forest habitats discovered in Patagonia, questioning whether this insect first transitioned from forests to coastlines in native Patagonia or the opposite. Spatial sorting is now shaping eco-evolutionary dynamics on Kerguelen, ultimately accelerating the spread with climate change, and its persistence in areas where native prey are already impacted is secured by other invasions (invasional meltdown).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 15 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03643496v1
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[hal-03530621] Characterization of the habitats colonized by the alien ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus at the Kerguelen islands
In the present work, we conducted a field-based study to identify the type of habitats colonized by the alien ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus at the Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean, and to delineate the spatial dynamics of this species. We used periodic trapping at several coastal habitats on Ile Haute (one of the islands from the Kerguelen archipelago), together with opportunistic active searches at other locations on this subantarctic archipelago. A total of 1081 sites were visited. Our data showed that adult M. soledadinus were mostly found near the tide drift line (372/540 obs., i.e., 69 %) in various habitats, including (1) in the foreshore under timber, (2) beneath stones in coastal areas near penguin colonies, and (3) in herbfields and meadows. It was previously assumed that the habitat distribution of this species was restricted to the herbfields of coastal areas, with our inland observations showing that M. soledadinus (265/541 obs., i.e. 49 %) occupied areas (1) in the vicinity of cushion-carpets, (2) along rivers and ponds beneath stones or mammal carrion, and (3) in fell-fields that contained plant patches (Azorella selago, Colobanthus kerguelensis, or Lycopodium magellanicum and/or bryophytes). Our study is expected to facilitate the implementation of biosecurity measures to mitigate accidental introduction of M. soledadinus to pristine areas that it has not yet colonized.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Renault) 17 Jan 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03530621v1
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[hal-01603661] Thermal variability and insects ecology : effects of fluctuating thermal regimes on Drosophila melanogaste
Thermal variability and insects ecology : effects of fluctuating thermal regimes on Drosophila melanogaste. 12. Meeting Ecology and Behaviour
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01603661v1
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[hal-01371831] Uncovering the benefits of fluctuating thermal regimes on cold tolerance of drosophila flies by combined metabolomic and lipidomic approach
When exposed to constant low temperatures (CLTs), insects often suffer from cumulative physiological injuries that can severely compromise their fitness and survival. Yet, mortality can be considerably lowered when the cold stress period is interrupted by periodic warm interruption(s), referred to as fluctuating thermal regimes, FTRs. In this study, we have shown that FTRs strongly promoted cold tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster adults. We then assessed whether this marked phenotypic shift was associated with detectable physiological changes, such as synthesis of cryoprotectants and/or membrane remodeling. To test these hypotheses, we conducted two different time-series Omics analyzes in adult flies submitted to CLTs vs. FTRs: metabolomics (GC/MS) and lipidomics (LC/ESI/MS) targeting membrane phospholipids. We observed increasing levels in several polyhydric alcohols (arabitol, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol), sugars (fructose, mannose) and amino acids (serine, alanine, glutamine) in flies under CLT. Prolonged exposure to low temperature was also associated with a marked deviation of metabolic homeostasis and warm interruptions as short as 2 h were sufficient to periodically return the metabolic system to functionality. Lipidomics revealed an increased relative proportion of phosphatidylethanolamines and a shortening of fatty acyl chains in flies exposed to cold, likely to compensate for the ordering effect of low temperature on membranes. We found a remarkable correspondence in the time-course of changes between the metabolic and phospholipids networks, both suggesting a fast homeostatic regeneration during warm intervals under FTRs. In consequence, we suggest that periodic opportunities to restore system-wide homeostasis contribute to promote cold tolerance under FTRs. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Colinet) 27 May 2020
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01371831v1
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[hal-02487614] Effet bénéfique des régimes thermiques fluctuants sur la survie au froid des insectes : exploration des mécanismes sous-jacents
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Colinet) 21 Feb 2020
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-02487614v1
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[hal-02489654] Metabolomic responses to thermal acclimation in a subpolar carabid beetle currently invading sub-Antarctic islands
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Renault) 24 Feb 2020
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-02489654v1
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[hal-01696977] Environmental Adaptations, Ecological Filtering, and Dispersal Central to Insect Invasions
Insect invasions, the establishment and spread of nonnative insects in new regions, can have extensive economic and environmental consequences. Increased global connectivity accelerates rates of introductions, while climate change may decrease the barriers to invader species' spread. We follow an individual-level insect- and arachnid-centered perspective to assess how the process of invasion is influenced by phenotypic heterogeneity associated with dispersal and stress resistance, and their coupling, across the multiple steps of the invasion process. We also provide an overview and synthesis on the importance of environmental filters during the entire invasion process for the facilitation or inhibition of invasive insect population spread. Finally, we highlight important research gaps and the relevance and applicability of ongoing natural range expansions in the context of climate change to gain essential mechanistic insights into insect invasions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (D Renault) 30 Jan 2018
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01696977v1
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[hal-01654276] New insights into the ecology of Merizodus soledadinus, a predatory carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands
Our knowledge of the main determinants of invasion success is still incomplete. Among these factors, the effects of biological traits, including fecundity, longevity and dispersal in newly colonised regions, are pivotal. However, while numerous studies have considered ecological and evolutionary impacts of non-native species, their biology often remains understudied. Despite the continuous geographic expansion of Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at the Kerguelen Islands over recent decades, the main life-history parameters of this species are unknown. We determined adult longevity under controlled conditions, monitored seasonal activity through pitfall trappings, and analysed temporal variations of egg load and body reserves in field-collected individuals. Themedian adult life span (LT50) was 241 days, with maximum longevity of 710 days (N = 500). Females carriedeggs throughout the year (8.94 ± 3.56 eggs per female), and it was not possible to pinpoint any clear egg-layingperiod. Year-round trappings demonstrated continuous activity of adults over seasons, with a peak during the austral summer that may arguably be associated with higher temperatures. Body stores (glycogen and proteins) did not vary significantly through the year, suggesting that adults feed continuously despite different prey availability between summer and winter, possibly via diet shifts. The amount of triglycerides increased at onset of summer, which may be associated with higher summer locomotor activity and/or more intense predation and reproduction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (T. Ouisse) 03 Dec 2017
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01654276v1
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[hal-01475827] Impact of fluctuating thermal regimes on Drosophila melanogaster survival to cold stress
Temperature directly affects survival, development and reproduction in insects and thereby it is a key environmental driver for geographic distribution and population dynamics. This study aims at testing the survival of Drosophila melanogaster under constant low temperatures (CLTs) (2, 3, 4, and 5°C) vs. fluctuating thermal regimes (FTRs). In the latter, the cold stress period was interrupted daily by 2 h pulses at 20°C. Since acclimation enhances cold tolerance, we tested whether benefits of acclimation can combine with those of FTRs. Since D. melanogaster overwinters as non-reproductive adults, we tested if actively reproducing adults are more susceptible to cold stress than virgin females thathave a much reduced reproductive activity. The results show that short interruptions of cold stress enhanced survival of adult flies. Survival was time- and temperature-dependent. Prior acclimation to low temperature allowed flies to better cope with cold stress under CLTs. On the other hand, acclimated flies did not profit from the benefits of FTRs and even showed lower survival under FTRs, probably because flies deacclimated during the periodic warm intervals. Gravid females were overall less cold tolerant than virgin females, and both survived better under FTRs. Cold survival at pupal stage was much lower than at adult stage, and no clear benefit of FTR was observed in this life stage. Our study highlights critical variables to take into account when designing experiments of prolonged exposure to low temperature in insects.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 24 Feb 2017
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01475827v1
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[hal-01328985] Wing morphology of the active flyer Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during its invasion of a sub-Antarctic archipelago where insect flightlessness is the rule
The cosmopolitan blowfly Calliphora vicina became established in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in the late 1970s, following a warming period that allowed its full development. Although temperature and wind may limit flight activity, the fly invaded the archipelago, reaching sites remote from the introduction point. Most native competitors have converged to flightlessness as a response to stringent environmental conditions and therefore the flight strategy of C. vicina might be either a handicap or a competitive advantage under ongoing climate change. Using geometric morphometrics, we investigated whether the wing had changed over time in C. vicina within the archipelago (1998 vs. 2009) and compared its morphology with that of a continental population from a temperate area (1983 vs. 2009). Wing shape plasticity to temperature was also experimentally investigated. We found no clues of relaxed selection on flight morphology in the range invaded. However, rapid changes of wing shape occurred over time in females from the Kerguelen Islands compared with both males and females of the continental population, despite a shorter time-lag between samples in the former. The thermal reaction norms for wing shape found for C. vicina from Kerguelen were also different from those of the continental population, but it remains unknown whether this resulted from or preceded the introduction. These combined findings are consistent with a fingerprint of local adaptation in the invasive population. However, the adaptive significance of the changes, in terms of their aerodynamic consequences and the future evolution of C. vicina in the Kerguelen Islands, requires further investigation. From an evolutionary standpoint, sustaining flight capability under the novel sub-Antarctic conditions might be critical to the invasive success of C. vicina as most competitors are flightless.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 08 Jun 2016
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01328985v1
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[hal-01255879] Physiological responses to temperature in Merizodus soledadinus (Col., Carabidae), a subpolar carabid beetle invading sub-Antarctic islands
Recent human activities and rising air temperature have increased the vulnerability of sub-Antarctic islands to alien species. At the Kerguelen Islands, the predaceous ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus is the only invasive insect originating from the southern cold temperate area (native from Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands). This austral origin raises the question of the limits of its physiological tolerance and capability to withstand (1) global change and (2) warmer climates of archipelagos where its accidental transportation could be facilitated from the Kerguelen Islands (namely Amsterdam and Saint Paul). Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics, we compared metabotypes of adults exposed to different temperatures (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 °C). All individuals survived after 2 weeks regardless of the temperature they were exposed to. The physiological changes observed were consistent with increased metabolic rate at increased temperatures, without extreme metabotypes that are characteristic of acute stress. First cues of sublethal stress were observed after prolonged exposure to 20 °C, a warm regime unrealistic for such duration in sub-Antarctic Islands. Overall, M. soledadinus’ thermal tolerance exceeded temperatures currently experienced in nature, suggesting that climate warming may boost its invasion by eliciting its activity and broadening habitat suitability in both invaded and still pristine islands. This thermal tolerance may allow survival aboard ships and development in sub-Antarctic islands with conditions warmer than the Kerguelen Islands, such as Amsterdam and St Paul. Stringent biosecurity measures are thus needed to prevent transfer from Kerguelen to these islands. The native range of this predaceous beetle limited to the Falkland Islands and southernmost South America may be partly constrained by factors other than temperature, such as desiccation, predation or competition
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Laparie) 14 Jan 2016
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01255879v1
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[hal-01255878] Comparative salinity tolerance in native flies from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands: a metabolomic approach
The quasi-extirpation of the cabbage Pringlea antiscorbutica in some locations at the Kerguelen Islands has large impacts on the distribution of the native fly Calycopteryx moseleyi. This insect has long been supposed as being subordinant to P. antiscorbutica until both larvae and adults were observed under seaweed in littoral margins. Physiological plasticity to saline conditions is expected in C. moseleyi, and metabolic rearrangements in salt-exposed specimens should thus be similar between individuals from cabbages and seaweeds. Individuals of C. moseleyi from non-saline (cabbages) and saline (seaweeds) habitats were experimentally subjected to different salinities (0, 35, 70 practical salinity units) and compared to the widely distributed native Anatalanta aptera flies that coexist with C. moseleyi under the seaweeds. A progressive drop of the survival and body water content was observed in C. moseleyi from cabbages exposed to increasing saline conditions. Body water contents remained similar at 35 and 70 practical salinity units in C. moseleyi from seaweeds, while it did not change over the whole saline gradient in A. aptera. Metabolic profiles revealed that both fly populations from the seaweeds accumulated compatible solutes in the form of alanine or glutamic acid when they were exposed to salinity. A distinct pattern was observed in C. moseleyi specimens from cabbages, whose metabolic profiles revealed a progressive loss of metabolic homoeostasis. We conclude that the C. moseleyi specimens from the cabbages and seaweeds differentiated, as also supported by their contrasted morphotypes, and that the limited salinity tolerance of individuals from cabbages may hinder their future expansion to seaweeds
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (D Renault) 14 Jan 2016
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-01255878v1
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[hal-03419963] Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation
Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed. We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Para state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure. We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape-related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements. Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yenny Correa‐carmona) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03419963v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
