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[hal-05743702] Phylogenomics Illuminates the Evolutionary History of Wild Silkmoths in Space and Time (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are one of the most emblematic and well-studied families of moths. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We sequenced and analyzed 1024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all described subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We investigated systematic biases in genomic data and performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses using extinction-free and state-dependent speciation and extinction models to document the evolutionary history of wild silkmoths in space and time. Using gene genealogy interrogation, we showed that saturation of nucleotide sequence data blurs our understanding of early divergences and first biogeographic events. Our results support a Neotropical origin of saturniids but remain inconclusive with respect to the extent of the ancestral range for the family. The “traditional” hypothesis of an origin restricted to the Neotropics is supported by models that account for founder-effect dispersal, but a new alternative scenario recovered from other models is proposed and considered a better fit to the hypothetical modes of diversification in these moths. It estimates a broader ancestral range covering the Neotropical, West Nearctic, and East Palearctic bioregions and emphasizes the critical role of Beringia as a route between the New World and the Old World during the Eocene. Interestingly, all the early branching lineages of Saturniidae that diversified into today’s recognized subfamilies are characterized by a very strong geographic conservatism, except for one noticeable exception, the Saturniinae subfamily, that is now present on all continents but Antarctica. Overall, our results provide a framework for in-depth investigations into the spatial and temporal dynamics of all saturniid lineages and for the integration of their evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the proper alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results leads us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification, including the description of one new subfamily and two new tribes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 09 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05743702v1
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[hal-02653040] Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2011-30 september 2011
This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis,Menippe mercenaria,Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchagu¨ensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S.W. A'Hara) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02653040v1
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[hal-05388136] DAISIE - Inventory of alien invasive species in Europe
The DAISIE - inventory of alien invasive species in Europe is a species checklist dataset published by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). It contains information on 12,104 taxa (mostly species and mostly introduced) occurring in the wild in Europe since 1500. It covers a broad taxonomic spectrum of terrestrial and aquatic free living and parasitic organisms. The collation of the alien species list is the result of the efforts of the DAISIE (http://www.europe-aliens.org) project partners and more than 300 collaborators from Europe and neighbouring countries, involved in different fields of expertise and organisations. Here the DAISIE checklist is published as a standardized Darwin Core Archive and includes for each species: the scientific name, higher classification, and stable taxon identifier (in the taxon core), the vernacular names (in the vernacular names extension), the presence in a specific region, the year of the first introduction (first collection) and/or last assessment/observation in that region, as well as extra information (in the distribution extension), and the habitat, native range, and ecofunctional group (in the description extension). The DAISIE dataset is no longer maintained, but can be used as a historical archive for researching and managing alien plants or compiling regional and national registries of alien species. Issues with the dataset can be reported at https://github.com/trias-project/daisie-checklist. We have released this dataset under a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0). We would appreciate it if you follow the GBIF citation guidelines (https://www.gbif.org/citation-guidelines) when using the data. If you have any questions regarding this dataset, don’t hesitate to contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via https://twitter.com/trias_project. The publication of the checklist to GBIF was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action Alien CSI “CA17122 - Increasing understanding of alien species through citizen science” as a Short Term Scientific Mission “Publishing alien species checklist data for Europe through repeatable, open workflows”, with technical support provided by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Roy) 28 Nov 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05388136v1
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[hal-05624856] From Traps to Taxa: Building a Robust DNA Barcode Reference Library for the Early Detection of Invasive Cerambycidae
Accurate and rapid identification of insect species is essential for effective biosurveillance, especially with increasing global trade and the spread of invasive pests. DNA barcoding has become a powerful tool for specimen identification, but its reliability depends heavily on the completeness and accuracy of reference databases. Many existing databases remain fragmentary and contain poorly annotated or misidentified records. Here, we present a curated DNA barcode reference library of 4097 DNA barcodes representing 169 species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a group frequently intercepted in European biosurveillance programmes using multi‐pheromone traps. By prioritizing taxonomic validation and data quality, this library provides a robust resource for accurate specimen identification. Beyond biosurveillance, it also supports ecological research, as cerambycids are valuable bioindicators of forest health. Our results highlight the critical role of expert curation in ensuring the accuracy of barcode libraries used for both pest monitoring and biodiversity assessment.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïs Veillat) 18 May 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05624856v1
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[hal-05656151] A new species of seed-feeding Cuphodes Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from South Africa
We describe a new species of Cuphodes Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from South Africa, C. spermotrophus sp. nov., reared from fruits of Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. (Rhamnaceae). This represents the first confirmed record of a seed-feeding Gracillariidae species from the African continent. The new species is distinguished from all known congeners by external morphology and male and female genitalia. Molecular data (COI barcode) confirm its distinctiveness and support its placement within Cuphodes. We provide diagnostic characters, illustrations of the adult and genitalia, and notes on its biology and host association. The discovery of this species expands the known feeding habits of Cuphodes, previously thought to include only leaf-mining species, and highlights the still largely unexplored trophic diversity of African Gracillariidae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paolo Triberti) 13 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05656151v1
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[hal-02108696] The ECOTROP field school: Inventorying Afro-tropical invertebrate biodiversity through student activities and the use of DNA barcoding.
Tropical ecosystems have been popularized as the most biodiverse habitats on Earth. However, biodiversity research in the tropics has mainly focused on charismatic vertebrates and higher plants so far, neglecting invertebrates that represent the bulk of local species richness. As a consequence, our knowledge of tropical invertebrate communities remains strongly impeded by both Linnaean and Wallacean shortfalls, and identifying species in a study site often remains a formidable challenge that inhibits the use of these organisms as indicators for ecological and conservation studies. Here, we present a summary of the results of sampling activities conducted by students during the ECOTROP field-school, a training program in tropical ecology where African and European students gained training in fieldwork and study design, and became involved in the front-end processing of samples for DNA barcoding. Most of the activities were oriented towards local surveys of invertebrate biodiversity in forest and savannah ecosystems of the northern section of Lope National Park in Gabon. During five successive editions of the program, a totalof more than 12 500 invertebrates were sampled, and more than 11 000 barcodes were generated. More data will be added in the near future through the processing of samples obtained from two Malaise traps deployed in a forest and a savannah for 12 months in 2014 and 2015. A total of nearly 3000 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs, as a proxy for species diversity) have been obtained to date, most of which belong to Lepidoptera (1664) and Coleoptera (709). For many groups of interest, the number of BINs observed exceeded the number of species recorded for the country. This highlights how combining standardized sampling, DNA barcoding, and experimental learning can significantly enhance local knowledge of biodiversity and ecological community dynamics, while training young biologists to meet the future challenges of biological conservation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibaud Decaëns) 24 Apr 2019
https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-02108696v1
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[hal-03750402] DNA metabarcoding of passive trap collection media for forest insect biomonitoring
Insect decline has been increasingly reported in the past years due to global change. Large-scale biomonitoring has thus become necessary to better understand the dynamics of insect communities and to preserve their essential role in ecosystem functioning. In that sense, coupling high-throughput sequencing and DNA metabarcoding has exponentially increased our potentiality to monitor insect communities over wider geographic regions and time scales. However, biomonitoring of entomofauna using molecular tools often results in destructive DNA extraction through voucher grinding, impeding primordial morphological backup. Here, we filter unprocessed collection medium to assess insect communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding. We demonstrate that recovered communities are different yet complementary and that insect response to environmental changes remains similar to homogenate bulk metabarcoding. We also show that insect orders-by their contrasting sclerotization ratio-, and collection medium type, are unequal in yielding metabarcoding results. Overall, we believe it as an efficient alternative for biomonitoring insect response to ecological changes while preserving insect vouchers for identification and description, especially in tropical regions were singletons or undescribed species can be very common in trap samples.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 12 Aug 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03750402v1
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[hal-03700534] Drought-induced forest dieback increases taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of saproxylic beetles at both local and landscape scales
Context: Many forest ecosystems around the world are facing increasing drought-induced dieback, causing mortality patches across the landscape at multiple scales. This increases the supply of biological legacies and differentially affects forest insect communities. Objectives; We analysed the relative effects of local-and landscape-level dieback on local saproxylic beetle assemblages. We assessed how classical concepts in spatial ecology (e.g., habitat-amount and habitat-patch hypotheses) are involved in relationships between multi-scale spatial patterns of available resources and local communities. Methods: We sampled saproxylic beetle assemblages in commercial fir forests in the French highlands. Through automatic aerial mapping, we used percentage of dead tree crown pixels to assess dieback levels at several nested spatial scales. We analysed beetle taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity related to differing levels of multi-scale dieback. Results: We found that taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of saproxylic beetle assemblages significantly benefitted from forest dieback, at both local and landscape scales. We detected significant effects in the multiplicative models combining local and landscape variables only for phylogenetic diversity. Increased landscape-scale dieback also caused a functional specialisation of beetle assemblages, favouring those related to large and welldecayed deadwood. Conclusions: Increasing tree mortality under benign neglect provides conservation benefits by heterogenising the forest landscape and enhancing deadwood habitats. Legacy retention practices could take advantage of unharvested, declining forest stands to promote species richness and functional diversity within conventionally managed forest landscapes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 07 Jun 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03700534v1
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[hal-04169150] Non-destructive DNA metabarcoding of arthropods using collection medium from passive traps
Broad-scale monitoring of arthropods is often carried out with passive traps ( e.g . Malaise traps) that can collect thousands of specimens per sample. The identification of individual specimens requires time and taxonomic expertise, limiting the geographical and temporal scale of research and monitoring studies. DNA metabarcoding of bulk-sample homogenates is faster and has been found to be efficient and reliable, but is destructive and prevents a posteriori validation of species occurrences and/or relative abundances. Non-destructive DNA metabarcoding from the collection medium has been applied in a limited number of studies, but further tests of efficiency are required in a broader range of circumstances to assess the consistency of the method. Methods We quantified the detection rate of arthropod species when applying non-destructive DNA metabarcoding with a short (127-bp) fragment of mitochondrial COI on two types of passive traps and collection media: 1) water with monopropylene glycol (H 2 O–MPG) used in window-flight traps (WFT, 53 in total); 2) ethanol with monopropylene glycol (EtOH–MPG) used in Malaise traps (MT, 27 in total). We then compared our results with those obtained for the same samples using morphological identification (for WFTs) or destructive metabarcoding of bulk homogenate (for MTs). This comparison was applied as part of a larger study of arthropod species richness in silver fir ( Abies alba ) stands across a range of climate-induced tree dieback levels and forest management strategies. Results Of the 53 H 2 O-MPG samples from WFTs, 16 produced no metabarcoding results, while the remaining 37 samples yielded 77 arthropod MOTUs in total. None of those MOTUs were shared species with the 389 morphological taxa (343 of which were Coleoptera) obtained from the same traps. Metabarcoding of 26 EtOH–MPG samples from MTs detected more arthropod MOTUs (233) and insect orders (11) than destructive metabarcoding of homogenate (146 MOTUs, 8 orders). Arachnida and Collembola were more diverse in EtOH-MPG samples, but Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were less represented than in homogenate. Overall, MOTU richness per trap similar for EtOH–MPG (21.81 MOTUs) than for homogenate (32.4 MOTUs). Arthropod communities from EtOH–MPG and homogenate metabarcoding were relatively distinct, with 162 MOTUs (53%) unique to the collection medium and only 71 MOTUs (23%) present in both treatments. Finally, collection medium did not reveal any significant changes in arthropod richness along a disturbance gradient in silver fir forests. We conclude that DNA metabarcoding of collection medium can be used to complement homogenate metabarcoding in inventories to favour the detection of soft-bodied arthropods like spiders.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04169150v1
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[hal-02637388] The EASIN Editorial Board: quality assurance, exchange and sharing of alien species information in Europe
The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) aims to facilitate the exploration of alien species information in Europe, and is recognized as the information system supporting European Union Member States in the implementation of the recently published Invasive Alien Species Regulation. In this paper, we present the role and activities of the EASIN Editorial Board (EB), which is responsible for the quality assurance, safeguarding and constant improvement of EASIN. The EB is supported by a web platform that facilitates online discussions about alien species. This platform creates a virtual community by providing a forum-like interface that is moderated by the EB Members but is freely accessible to the scientific community and the general public. It allows all registered users to make comments, raise questions and share experience and expertise on alien species in Europe. Moreover, it provides a means for exchanging opinions and solving disputes in a transparent way. The overall EB activity is commonly agreed upon procedures and standards.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Konstantinos Tsiamis) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02637388v1
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[hal-05130990] Incorporating Neglected Insect Larvae in Species Inventories: DNA Barcoding as an Effective Tool for All‐Stage Invertebrate Identification in Tree Holes
Invertebrates, especially insects, are an integral part of biodiversity. Many species live in forest ecosystems where they play a key role in decomposing wood and maintaining ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, global changes, like fires, storms, and pest outbreaks, are impacting insect diversity, reinforcing the need for long-term biomonitoring to understand and tackle these issues. Forests are heterogeneous ecosystems with tree-related microhabitats (TReMs) such as tree holes, which are important for ecosystem diversity. Conventional identification approaches for species inventories are frequently hampered by the extensive and hidden diversity of insect larval stages. Thus, there is a crucial need to develop tools that facilitate inventories of these ecological niches and allow the incorporation of such hidden diversity into long-term monitoring studies. To that end, we explored the biodiversity found in tree holes within French state forests using DNA barcoding and addressed challenges associated with traditional morphological identification methods. Results demonstrate the successful application of DNA barcoding in identifying nearly 62% of all invertebrates sampled from tree holes to the species level. Sampled invertebrates comprised 44% of larvae (566 individuals), of which nearly 50% could be assigned a species name. In total, 108 species and 173 barcode index numbers (BINs, used as species proxy) were molecularly inventoried, and 39% of these identified species were solely represented by larvae in our sampling. Our study highlights the usefulness of DNA-based identification methods and the significance of including larvae in biodiversity assessments to gain insights into species abundance and functional diversity. It also underscores the necessity of ongoing and parallel developments of DNA reference libraries to improve species molecular identification rates and accuracy, and the need to investigate potential non-destructive alternatives for biomonitoring. These efforts aim to ensure thorough and precise monitoring of invertebrate communities in tree holes and similar microhabitats.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 26 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05130990v1
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[hal-02736320] DNA Metabarcoding to quantify the response of insect diversity to mountain forest die-offs in the French Pyrenees
Mountain forests suffer from an increase in frequency and severity of summer droughts and infestations of pathogens and insects. Those factors are causing high mortality of some keystone tree species (forest die-offs). Yet, how tree diebacks and associated changes in forest composition will affect local diversity and ecosystem functions remains unknown. Here, we aim at quantifying the impact of climate-induced forest decline on biodiversity by measuring changes in taxonomic structure of invertebrate communities along gradients of silver fir (Abies alba) dieback in the French Pyrenees. We use DNA metabarcoding to analyse 224 samples of Malaise traps placed on 56 silver fir dominated plots in the French Pyrenees from May to September 2017. Samples were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and analysed using the DAMe twin-tagging pipeline approach. We conducted taxonomic assignment against reference DNA barcode libraries to streamli ne identification and recover biological information for ecological analysis. We discuss the results of our metabarcoding analysis and the utility of our approach to conduct biomonitoring across a large geographical scale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736320v1
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[hal-05551275] Two new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from New Caledonia inducing galls on Glochidion billardierei (Phyllanthaceae) and redescription of C. xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880)
New Caledonia is a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of micro-endemism, yet its gracillariid fauna remains poorly documented. Here, two new species of Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 (Gracillariidae) are described from Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Phyllanthaceae) host plants in Parc des Grandes Fougères, New Caledonia: Caloptilia augeas Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken & Ohshima, sp. nov ., and Caloptilia ceryneia Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken & Ohshima, sp. nov . Both species induce leaf galls on Glochidion billardierei Baill., co-occurring on the same host species, sometimes even on the same leaf. They exhibit distinct wing patterns, but very similar male and female genitalia, and DNA barcoding supports their status as separate species. These findings provide evidence for potential within-host sympatric speciation, as documented in other gall-inducing insects. The larval biology of C. augeas and C. ceryneia reveals a unique frass disposal behaviour, whereby waste is excreted through a hole and the aperture is subsequently sealed—an adaptation not previously reported in gall-inducing Lepidoptera. Our findings double the known number of gall-inducing species in Gracillariidae, highlighting that this life history strategy may be more common than currently appreciated. We also provide new information on distribution and host plants of Caloptilia xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880), a leaf roller found on the same host plant, G. billardierei . These findings mark the first records of the subfamily Gracillariinae in New Caledonia. This study underscores the underexplored diversity of New Caledonian gracillariids and emphasises the conservation value of Parc des Grandes Fougères. Further surveys in the Indo-Pacific region may reveal additional yet undescribed Caloptilia species associated with Phyllanthaceae and help clarify the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning their diversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 13 Mar 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05551275v1
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[hal-04186469] Communautés d’insectes et changement global : enjeux méthodologiques et écologiques
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 23 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04186469v1
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[hal-01536447] Stay out (almost) all night contrasting responses in flight activity among tropical moth assemblages
Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Greg Lamarre) 25 Jan 2025
https://hal.science/hal-01536447v1
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[hal-04236310] Diversity and endemism of the Lepidoptera of Madagascar
At the most recent census of described lepidopteran taxa in 2021, 1,418 genera and 5,016 species were recognised for the island of Madagascar. However, the species endemism rate, although clearly exceptional for such a large landmass (ca. 600,000 km2), has remained poorly known. That figure is now estimated to exceed 80% in this highly isolated island. Some 28 superfamilies and 83 families of moths and butterflies are known to occur there. Whereas the five superfamilies within Macroheterocera, comprising around 681 genera and at least 2,989 species, are relatively well known, extrapolations of the total fauna suggest well in excess of 10,000 species are present. On BOLD 2,903 COI-5P species clusters (BINs) are publicly available, 2,400 of which are unnamed to species. Malaise trapping is rapidly adding to the number of unidentified BINs; a recent Malaise sample from Andasibe in two seasons containing 1,527 BINs found that less than 20% were Macroheterocera whilst >98% of 510 non-macroheteroceran BINs were novel to BOLD.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David C. Lees) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236310v1
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[hal-02743183] DNA metabarcoding of saproxylic beetles—streamlining species identification for large-scale forest biomonitoring
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02743183v1
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[hal-02613924] DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar
Madagascar is a prime evolutionary hotspot globally, but its unique biodiversity is under threat, essentially from anthropogenic disturbance. There is a race against time to describe and protect the Madagascan endangered biota. Here we present a first molecular characterization of the micromoth fauna of Madagascar. We collected 1572 micromoths mainly using light traps in both natural and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in 24 localities across eastern and northwest Madagascar. We also collected 1384 specimens using a Malaise trap in a primary rain forest at Andasibe, eastern Madagascar. In total, we DNA barcoded 2956 specimens belonging to 1537 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 88.4% of which are new to BOLD. Only 1.7% of new BINs were assigned to species. Of 47 different families found, Dryadaulidae, Bucculatricidae, Bedelliidae, Batrachedridae, and Blastobasidae are newly reported for Madagascar and the recently recognized Tonzidae is confirmed. For test faunas of Canada and Australia, 98.9%-99.4% of Macroheterocera BINs exhibited the molecular synapomorphy of a phenylalanine in the 177th complete DNA barcode codon. Non-macroheteroceran BINs could thus be sifted out efficiently in the Malaise sample. The Madagascar micromoth fauna shows highest affinity with the Afrotropics (146 BINs also occur in the African continent). We found 22 recognised pests or invasive species, mostly occurring in disturbed habitats. Malaise trap samples show high temporal turnover and alpha diversity with as many as 507 BINs collected; of these, astonishingly, 499 (98.4%) were novel to BOLD and 292 (57.6%) were singletons. Our results provide a baseline for future surveys across the island.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 20 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02613924v1
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[hal-05520816] An active ensemble classifier for detecting animal sequences from global camera trap data
Abstract Camera traps can generate huge amounts of images, and thus reliable methods for their automated processing are in high demand: in particular to find those images or image sequences that actually include animals. Automatically filtering out images that are empty or contain humans can be challenging, as images can be taken in different landscapes, habitats and light. Weather and seasonal conditions can vary greatly. Most of the images can be empty, because cameras using passive infrared sensors (PIR) trigger easily due to moving vegetation or rapidly varying shadows and sunny spots. Animals in images are often hiding behind vegetation, and camera traps will see them from previously unseen angles. Therefore, conventional animal image detection methods based on deep learning need huge training sets to achieve good accuracy. We present a novel background removal approach based on movement masked images computed using sequences of images. Our deep vision classifier uses these movement images for classification instead of the original images. Additionally, we apply a deep active learning (active learning for deep models) for collecting training samples to reduce the number of annotations required from the user. Our method performed well in singling out image sequences that actually include animals, thus filtering out the majority of images that were empty or contained humans. Most importantly, the method performed well also for backgrounds and animal species not seen in the training data. Active learning brought good separation between classes already with small training sets, without the need for laborious large‐scale pre‐annotation. We present a reliable and efficient method for filtering out empty image sequences and sequences containing humans. This greatly facilitates camera trapping research by enabling researchers to restrict the task of animal classification to only those image sequences that actually contain animals.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tommi Mononen) 20 Feb 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05520816v1
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[hal-03149644] Evaluating DNA Barcoding for Species Identification and Discovery in European Gracillariid Moths
Gracillariidae is the most species-rich leaf-mining moth family with over 2,000 described species worldwide. In Europe, there are 263 valid named species recognized, many of which are difficult to identify using morphology only. Here we explore the use of DNA barcodes as a tool for identification and species discovery in European gracillariids. We present a barcode library including 6,791 COI sequences representing 242 of the 263 (92%) resident species. Our results indicate high congruence between morphology and barcodes with 91.3% (221/242) of European species forming monophyletic clades that can be identified accurately using barcodes alone. The remaining 8.7% represent cases of non-monophyly making their identification uncertain using barcodes. Species discrimination based on the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) was successful for 93% of species with 7% of species sharing BINs. We discovered as many as 21 undescribed candidate species, of which six were confirmed from an integrative approach; the other 15 require additional material and study to confirm preliminary evidence. Most of these new candidate species are found in mountainous regions of Mediterranean countries, the South-Eastern Alps and the Balkans, with nine candidate species found only on islands. In addition, 13 species were classified as deep conspecific lineages, comprising a total of 27 BINs with no intraspecific morphological differences found, and no known ecological differentiation. Double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) analysis showed strong mitonuclear discrepancy in four out of five species studied. This discordance is not explained by Wolbachia-mediated genetic sweeps. Finally, 26 species were classified as “unassessed species splits” containing 71 BINs and some involving geographical isolation or ecological specialization that will require further study to test whether they represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 23 Feb 2021
https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03149644v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
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[hal-04385991] Persisting roadblocks in arthropod monitoring using non-destructive metabarcoding from collection media of passive traps
Background Broad-scale monitoring of arthropods is often carried out with passive traps ( e.g., Malaise traps) that can collect thousands of specimens per sample. The identification of individual specimens requires time and taxonomic expertise, limiting the geographical and temporal scale of research and monitoring studies. DNA metabarcoding of bulk-sample homogenates has been found to be faster, efficient and reliable, but the destruction of samples prevents a posteriori validation of species occurrences and relative abundances. Non-destructive metabarcoding of DNA extracted from collection medium has been applied in a limited number of studies, but further tests of efficiency are required with different trap types and collection media to assess the consistency of the method. Methods We quantified the detection rate of arthropod species when applying non-destructive DNA metabarcoding with a short (127-bp) fragment of mitochondrial COI on two combinations of passive traps and collection media: (1) water with monopropylene glycol (H 2 O–MPG) used in window-flight traps (WFT, 53 in total); (2) ethanol with monopropylene glycol (EtOH–MPG) used in Malaise traps (MT, 27 in total). We then compared our results with those obtained for the same samples using morphological identification (for WFTs) or destructive metabarcoding of bulk homogenate (for MTs). This comparison was applied as part of a larger study of arthropod species richness in silver fir ( Abies alba Mill., 1759) stands across a range of climate-induced tree dieback levels and forest management strategies. Results Of the 53 H 2 O-MPG samples from WFTs, 16 produced no metabarcoding results, while the remaining 37 samples yielded 77 arthropod MOTUs in total, of which none matched any of the 343 beetle species morphologically identified from the same traps. Metabarcoding of 26 EtOH–MPG samples from MTs detected more arthropod MOTUs (233) than destructive metabarcoding of homogenate (146 MOTUs, 8 orders), of which 71 were shared MOTUs, though MOTU richness per trap was similar between treatments. While we acknowledge the failure of metabarcoding from WFT-derived collection medium (H 2 O–MPG), the treatment of EtOH-based Malaise trapping medium remains promising. We conclude however that DNA metabarcoding from collection medium still requires further methodological developments and cannot replace homogenate metabarcoding as an approach for arthropod monitoring. It can be used nonetheless as a complementary treatment when enhancing the detection of soft-bodied arthropods like spiders and Diptera.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 12 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385991v1
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[hal-05728101] High‐Throughput DNA Barcoding Reveals Multi‐Trophic Networks of Plants, Leafminers and Parasitoids in a Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical dry forests host highly diverse insect communities and complex trophic interactions, yet these networks remain difficult to resolve using conventional molecular or rearing‐based approaches. Here, we integrate long‐read DNA barcoding, non‐target sequence co‐amplification, and host plant taxonomy to reconstruct tri‐trophic interactions among leaf‐mining insects, their host plants, and associated parasitoids in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Using Single Molecule, Real‐Time (SMRT) sequencing on the PacBio Sequel IIe platform, we generated high‐fidelity barcodes from individual leaf‐miner larvae and from parasitoid larvae and pupae recovered from leaf mines. From 253 specimens, we obtained 214 sequences, and identified 83 operational taxonomic units including leaf‐mining Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and their hymenopteran parasitoids, plus 31 non‐target sequences. Of the 214 sequences, 69 were parasitoid wasps (32.2%). Of these, 40 were obtained from parasitoids dissected directly from leaf mines, while 29 were co‐amplified from leaf‐miner samples, demonstrating that SMRT‐based co‐amplification allows detection of parasitism without rearing. Our analysis revealed 156 trophic interaction types and 247 interaction events. Network analyses showed a highly modular tripartite network, with module structure primarily driven by host plant identity and a reduced set of influential leaf‐miner and parasitoid taxa. Bipartite networks supported the hypothesis that interactions are more strongly compartmentalized between leafminers and host plants than at higher trophic levels. These results demonstrate that long‐read DNA barcoding with co‐amplification detection provides a scalable framework for reconstructing multi‐trophic interactions from individual specimens, overcoming key limitations of rearing‐based methods and enabling robust biodiversity and ecological network assessments in species‐rich ecosystems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ariel Muñoz-Sánchez) 26 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05728101v1
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[hal-05742128] Are declining forest stands stepping stone areas for exotic invasive species?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 08 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05742128v1
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[hal-05742111] Impacts of clearcut accumulation on boreal forest bird communities: Defining a safe operating space at the landscape level
Intensive management based on clearcut harvesting is a major threat to forest biodiversity globally. However, it remains unclear how the long‐term accumulation of clearcuts at the landscape level affects biodiversity and what the maximum level of clearcutting that forest species can tolerate is, that is the safe operating space. We aim to evaluate the impact of the accumulation of clearcutting areas over time on bird communities in the intensively used forest landscapes of southern Finland and to define an ecological boundary for forest species in this region. Based on the Finnish bird monitoring line transects (2006–2020), we related species richness and the abundance of the overall community and of species groups based on habitat affinity and Red List status with the accumulated area and mean size of clearcuts in the 5 and 20 years prior to bird observations. A trend analysis was conducted on a subset of transects with sufficient data to define a threshold of clearcut accumulation below which the abundance of forest species does not decline. Clearcuts benefited open‐habitat species, including common farmland and mire threatened species. However, the 20‐year accumulation of clearcuts had negative impacts on common forest species and old‐growth forest specialists. The analyses of temporal trends showed that a maximum of 9.6% of the landscape should be clearcut in 10 years to maintain or allow the recovery of old‐growth forest specialists. Such a safe threshold corresponds to a rotation time of 91 years and indicates that at least 20% of forest areas should not be used in clearcutting management. Synthesis and applications. Although clearcuts can benefit open‐habitat species, they should be limited to avoid declines in mature‐ and old‐forest species. By defining a safe limit in clearcut areas, we provide a readable target for ecologically sustainable forest use and a methodology that translates to other regions globally. However, such thresholds should be applied critically, as they are potentially context‐dependent and would require validation with multi‐taxa analyses.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémi Duflot) 08 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05742111v1
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[hal-02648399] Open minded and open access: introducing NeoBiota, a new peer-reviewed journal of biological invasions
The Editorial presents the focus, scope, policies, and the inaugural issue of NeoBiota, a new open access peer-reviewed journal of biological invasions. The new journal NeoBiota is a continuation of the former NEOBIOTA publication series. The journal will deal with all aspects of invasion biology and impose no restrictions on manuscript size neither on use of color. NeoBiota implies an XML-based editorial workflow and several cutting-edge innovations in publishing and dissemination, such as semantic markup of and enhancements to published texts, data publication, and extensive cross-linking within the journal and to external sources.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ingolf Kuhn) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648399v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-02824656] Inventaire et évaluation des méthodes de lutte contre la processionnaire du pin. Enquête nationale-guide technique
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alice Leblond) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02824656v1
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[hal-01230152] Influence du contexte paysager sur les attaques de processionnaire du pin en ville. Quelles perspectives de méthodes de lutte alternatives ?
La processionnaire du pin est un insecte défoliateur et urticant inféodé à des résineux forestiers. Elle se propage dans les milieux non forestiers en utilisant les plantations ornementales de ses arbres-hôtes. Dans les zones urbanisées, sa présence pose des problèmes de santé publique auxquels les collectivités territoriales doivent faire face. Nous avons réalisé un inventaire de tous les pins, cèdres et Douglas, et des nids d’hiver qu’ils hébergent, sur le territoire de cinq communes de l’agglomération orléanaise. Nous avons commencé à conduire sur ce jeu de données des analyses d’écologie spatiale et des analyses de voisinage prenant en compte l’influence sur le niveau d’infestation d’un arbre des caractéristiques des autres arbres-hôtes présents dans son environnement. Nous présentons ici les résultats préliminaires de cette approche paysagère en milieu urbain. A terme, l’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer les possibilités de concevoir des infrastructures vertes qui, au lieu de fournir des corridors d’expansion à cette espèce, pourraient en réduire le niveau de nuisance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 17 Nov 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01230152v1
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[hal-02662888] Chenille processionnaire du pin: il faut agir
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alice Leblond) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02662888v1
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[hal-03605905] Contribution à l’étude des pontes de Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoidae) dans le centre-ouest de la Tunisie.
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Asma Bourougaaoui) 11 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03605905v1
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[hal-02799280] Climate Warming and Past and Present Distribution of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.) in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa
Pine processionary moth, Thaumetopea pityocampa, is a model insect indicator of global warming, the northwards and upwards range expansion of this Mediterranean species being directly associated with the recent warming up. The knowledge about the drivers of moth expansion is synthesized. A first standardized mapping of the northern expansion edge, from Western Europe to Turkey, is presented, then detailed for 20 countries of Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, including future trends. Additional data about the responses of the other Thaumetopoea species are given. Finally, the chapter points out the importance of the man-mediated introductions in the expansion process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799280v1
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[hal-04175404] Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
Abstract International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Iva Franić) 02 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04175404v1
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[hal-02799903] Natural history of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): New insights in relation to climate change
It is difficult to find a genus of Lepidoptera showing the high variability of life history traits observed in Thaumetopoea. There are typical summer feeding close to winter feeding species, and in one special case a recent switch has been detected even within one species, the pine processionary moth, indicating that the natural history traits are constantly evolving at a fast rate. There are species adapted to cold conditions of high mountains and high latitude close to truly Mediterranean and sub-desert region species. All species have gregarious behaviour as larva and are protected against vertebrate predators by urticating setae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrea Battisti) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799903v1
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[hal-05087095] Ravageurs sur eucalyptus
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François-Xavier Saintonge) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05087095v1
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[hal-02657031] The virulence of phytopathogenic fungi associated with the bark beetles Tomicus piniperda and Orthotomicus erosus in Tunisia
Phytopathogenic fungi associated with the bark beetles Tomicus piniperda and Orthotomicus erosus were isolated in various pine forests of Tunisia. Tomicus piniperda and its galleries yielded Leptographium wingfieldii, Ophiostoma minus, and Ophiostoma ips. Ophiostoma minus was the most frequent species associated with T. piniperda, in both the attacking and the emerging beetles. It was collected from most investigated forests, whereas O. ips and L. wingfieldii were obtained only from forests located in Central and Northern Tunisia. Frequencies of association with T. piniperda were always low, reaching 11.1% only once, for O. ips. Ophiostoma ips was the only blue stain fungus associated with O. erosus and its galleries. It was found in all the localities, but at a low and variable frequency, exceeding 15% very rarely. The virulence of 16 fungal isolates was tested by single inoculations into Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) at two localities. Differences were detected among species; L. wingfieldii was the most virulent and O. minus the least virulent species in terms of phloem reaction zone formation and fungal growth in the phloem. In a separate experiment, mass inoculations (400 and 800 inoculations per m2 of bole on 1-m high belts) were performed with two isolates of L. wingfieldii on Aleppo pine and on Pinus brutia (Brutia pine). Three months later, measurements of sapwood status (% of conductive transversal section) and of its specific hydraulic conductivity, as well as of the phloem reaction zone lengths, did not show any isolate or density effect. At these experimental sites, Brutia pines appeared significantly more susceptible than Aleppo pines.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mohamed Lahbib Ben Jamaa) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02657031v1
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[hal-05069629] Déplacement de la processionnaire du pin, <i>Thaumetopoea pityocampa>/i>
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 15 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05069629v1
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[hal-02627715] Forewarned is forearmed: harmonized approaches for early detection of potentially invasive pests and pathogens in sentinel plantings
The number of invasive alien pest and pathogen species affecting ecosystem functioning, human health and economies has increased dramatically over the last decades. Discoveries of invasive pests and pathogens previously unknown to science or with unknown host associations yet damaging on novel hosts highlights the necessity of developing novel tools to predict their appearance in hitherto naive environments. The use of sentinel plant systems is a promising tool to improve the detection of pests and pathogens before introduction and to provide valuable information for the development of preventative measures to minimize economic or environmental impacts. Though sentinel plantings have been established and studied during the last decade, there still remains a great need for guidance on which tools and protocols to put into practice in order to make assessments accurate and reliable. The sampling and diagnostic protocols chosen should enable as much information as possible about potential damaging agents and species identification. Consistency and comparison of results are based on the adoption of common procedures for sampling design and sample processing. In this paper, we suggest harmonized procedures that should be used in sentinel planting surveys for effective sampling and identification of potential pests and pathogens. We also review the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic methods for early detection in sentinel systems, and the feasibility of the results obtained supporting National Plant Protection Organizations in pest and commodity risk analysis.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carmen Morales-Rodriguez) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627715v1
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[hal-02800748] Natural History of the Pine Processionary Moth,Thaumetopoea pityocampa
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dimitrios N. Avtzis) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02800748v1
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[hal-03196306] Has North Africa turned too warm for a Mediterranean forest pest because of climate change?
Climate warming is inducing dramatic changes in species distribution. While many studies report the poleward range expansion of some species, some others report the range retraction and extinction risk of other species. Here we explore how climate warming affects the southern edge in North Africa of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, which is a model insect currently expanding northwards and toward higher elevation in Europe. This Mediterranean forest insect was found in southern Tunisia until 2003. Field surveys were conducted to map the current southern edge of the species in Tunisia. Pheromone traps were installed on a north-south gradient, a translocation experiment of egg-masses was conducted on this gradient and local temperature change was analysed. We thus proved that the pine processionary moth has disappeared from southern Tunisia, and that no more adult males were actually flying there. We also found a decrease of egg-hatching and of the proportion of individuals able to reach larval stages along this gradient, while daily minimal and maximal temperatures globally increased. Furthermore, we showed that daily maximal and minimal temperatures as well as indices of extremely high temperatures have substantially increased during the study period (1980-2019). This study reveals the retraction of the pine processionary moth from southern Tunisia due to higher mortality rates that could be attributed to a significant local warming. The role of other factors (mainly the response of host trees and natural enemies to climate change) may amplify this direct effect and should be further explored.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Asma Bourougaaoui) 12 Apr 2021
https://hal.science/hal-03196306v1
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[hal-04171563] Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees
Abstract Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Iva Franić) 17 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171563v1
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[hal-03604207] Effects of heat waves on larval emergence of Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae) in Aleppo pine forests in Central West Tunisia
Background: In recent years, organisms have largely been impacted by extreme climate events, essentially heat waves. In Tunisia, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is a highly damaging pine defoliator, which usually lays eggs in summer. Understanding the effect of extreme temperatures on the fecundity of this insect as well as the impact on its natural enemies is crucial to explore the overall effects of climate change on this species. The aim of this present work was to assess the effects of extremely high temperatures on the PPM fecundity, and on the emergence of larvae and parasitoids from eggs that were collected in 2017 at the extreme southern limit of PPM distribution range, following a very hot summer. Materials/Methods: A total of 124 egg masses were collected in four stations in the center-west of Tunisia: Thèlepte (22/08/2017), Jebel Motlag (10/10/2017) and Jebel Rihana (in Rgueb) (10/10/2017) and El Faj (11/10/2017). In laboratory, emergence of larvae and parasitoids were observed each day to draw the emergence curves. As soon as egg hatching was completely achieved, the protective scales have been removed to study egg mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Daily maximal temperatures were retrieved from AccuWeather website. Results and discussion: The difference in female fecundity was not significant between the sites (P=0.74). It varied from 45 to 216 with an average of 139 eggs/clutch. No larva has emerged from Thélepte station. Nonetheless 17.9-66.2% of eggs hatched in the other sites. Parasitism rate was significantly different between the sites (P<0.001), the highest rate was recorded in J.Rihane: 11.1% and no parasitoid has emerged in Thélepte. The percentage of flattened and dried eggs was the highest in Thélepte (8.5 % and 15% respectively). The difference between the sites may occur due to the extreme temperatures observed in Thèlepte. Daily maximal temperature was between 40°C and 44°C during 10 consecutive days from 01st to 10th August 2017, while the maximum temperature did not exceed 34°C on the other sites from 18th September to 10th October. Conclusion: A larger percentage of unhatched eggs and lower parasitism rate in an area with extremely high temperatures highlight possible detrimental effects of climate warming at the southern edge of the PPM distribution.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Asma Bourougaaoui) 10 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03604207v1
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[hal-04160901] Effects of climate warming on the pine processionary moth at the southern edge of its range: a retrospective analysis on egg survival in Tunisia
Abstract In recent years, ectotherm species have largely been impacted by extreme climate events, essentially heatwaves. In Tunisia, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa , is a highly damaging pine defoliator, which typically lays eggs in summer. Its geographical range is expanding northwards in Europe while retracting from South Tunisia where summer temperatures can reach extremely high values. In this study, we aimed at exploring the effects of climate change on this species at its southern range edge. We investigated variations of fecundity and causes of egg mortality over time using historical and contemporary collections of egg masses from different Tunisian sites to seek relationships with regional climate change over three decades (1990-2019). Our results suggest negative effects of summer heat on egg survival, reflected in a decrease of hatching rate down to 0% in one site during a heatwave. Such a high hatching failure was found to result from both high egg sterility (our results did not allow distinguishing impeded mating success from failed egg maturation or early death of the embryo) and increased abortion of more developed embryos, but little effects of parasitism rate, thereby suggesting vulnerability to heat during embryonic development. We also observed decreasing female fecundity ( i.e ., number of eggs laid per female) in regions where data were available both in the 1990s and the 2010s, which was associated with a decrease in parasitism rate, while the climatic variability increased. This study investigated direct hatching failure in nature that may be related to the magnitude of warming in summer. Previous studies have confirmed the thermal sensitivity of early instars of the PPM to temperatures observed in the present work, including one population from South Tunisia. However, further work is required to evaluate the relative importance of warming summers among populations because the risk of heat stress depends on the phenology of sensitive instars, and populations from the warmest areas may not necessarily be the most vulnerable to climate change if they already evolved phenological heat avoidance. In addition to heat-induced mortality, the ultimate fitness of individuals that survive challenging heat stresses during early developmental stages should also be explored to determine potential carry-over effects on subsequent life stages.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Asma Bourougaaoui) 12 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04160901v1
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[hal-02808626] Probabilistic pathway models for risk assessment of plant pest invasions
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bob Douma) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02808626v1
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[hal-01602263] Development of a pathway model to assess the exposure of European pine trees to pine wood nematode via the trade of wood
Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a threat for pine species (Pinus spp.) throughout the world. The nematode is native to North America, and invaded Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan, and more recently Portugal and Spain. PWN enters new areas through trade in wood products. Once established, eradication is not practically feasible. Therefore, preventing entry of PWN into new areas is crucial. Entry risk analysis can assist in targeting management to reduce the probability of entry. Assessing the entry of PWN is challenging due to the complexity of the wood trade and the wood processing chain. In this paper, we develop a pathway model that describes the wood trade and wood processing chain to determine the structure of the entry process. We consider entry of PWN through imported coniferous wood from China, a possible origin of Portuguese populations, to Europe. We show that exposure increased over years due to an increase in imports of sawn wood. From 2000 to 2012, Europe received an estimated 84 PWN propagules from China, 88% of which arose from imported sawn wood and 12% from round wood. The region in Portugal where the PWN was first reported is among those with the highest PWN transfer per unit of imported wood due to a high host cover and vector activity. An estimated 62% of PWN is expected to enter in countries where PWN is not expected to cause the wilt of pine trees because of low summer temperatures (e.g., Belgium, Sweden, Norway). In these countries, PWN is not easily detected, and such countries can thus serve as potential reservoirs of PWN. The model identifies ports and regions with high exposure, which helps targeting monitoring and surveillance, even in areas where wilt disease is not expected to occur. In addition, we show that exposure is most efficiently reduced by additional treatments in the country of origin, and/or import wood from PWN-free zones. Pathway modelling assists plant health managers in analyzing risks along the pathway and planning measures for enhancing biosecurity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jc Bob Douma) 02 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01602263v1
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[hal-03605926] A pathway model to assess the exposure of European trees to pests introduced with wood trade
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jc Bob Douma) 11 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03605926v1
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[hal-02807208] Probabilistic pathway models for risk assessment of plant pest invasions
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bob Douma) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02807208v1
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[hal-02740627] Risque d'entrée de ravageurs et pathogènes invasifs avec l'importation de bois
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jc Bob Douma) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740627v1
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[hal-03605793] Modelling to predict introduction and spread of forest pests in Europe
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wopke W. van Der Werf) 11 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03605793v1
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[hal-02799982] Spread and pathway modelling to support pest risk assessment under global change
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wopke van den Werf) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799982v1
