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[hal-03686134] La processionnaire du pin, un insecte sentinelle du réchauffement climatique
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686134v1
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[hal-04363400] Review of the Megastigmidae in Belgium and the Netherlands (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
In this paper, we provide an overview of the seed chalcid wasps Bootanomyia spp. and Megastigmus spp. (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) in both Belgium and the Netherlands. Sixteen species, including six non-natives to Europe, are reported after checking over a thousand specimens. The European species Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) and M. suspectus Borries, 1895 are reported for the first time in Belgium. The European species Bootanomyia stigmatizans (Fabricius, 1798), Megastigmus rosae Bouček, 1971 and Megastigmus strobilobius Ratzeburg, 1848, and the Nearctic species Megastigmus atedius Walker, 1851 and Megastigmus lasiocarpae Crosby, 1913 (only the second report in Europe) are new for the Netherlands. Novel insights are offered on the ecology, morphology and phenology of Megastigmus aculeatus, Megastigmus nigrovariegatus and Megastigmus rosae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Fons Verheyde) 24 Dec 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04363400v1
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[hal-05057758] Exploring the taxonomic status of the Palearctic cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris, inferred from morphometric and molecular data
The Scots pine cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) widely distributed from Europe, across to North-Eastern China, consumes the cones of Mediterranean pines, as well those of the sylvestris section. The use of multiple host pine species with limited and patchy distributions, combined with low dispersal rates, likely contributed to significant genetic and morphological variation among P. validirostris populations in its native range. P. validirostris is being considered as a biological control agent for wilding pines in the southern hemisphere and for this programme to proceed, elucidating its intraspecific variability is necessary. This study aimed to explore the phylogeography of P. validirostris in its native range in Europe using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers as well as morphological characters. The integrative taxonomic analysis revealed high genetic structuring in P. validirostris populations, identifying three main phylogeographic clades: Clade A (Iberian Peninsula, associated with Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis ), Clade B (Central Europe), and Clade C (Northern and Eastern Europe), both associated with Pinus species of the sylvestris section. The morphometric data showed that adults of the Iberic Peninsula clade were significantly larger than those of the two others. When compared to other Nearctic and Palearctic congeneric species, P. validirostris formed a monophyletic group, likely consisting of different evolutionary lineages within the sampled distribution. The findings highlight the necessity of genetic confirmation for insect taxonomy across wide distributions or multiple host trees. Clarifying whether host specificity or geography drives P. validirostris population structuring will facilitate the selection of a specific clade for wilding pine biological control.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Coralie Bertheau) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05057758v1
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[hal-01583805] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 07 Sep 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01583805v1
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[hal-02740183] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740183v1
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[hal-01423445] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 29 Dec 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01423445v1
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[hal-02608524] Five years study of consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (Loire river, France)
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands, along the Loire river are characterized by a multiple channel pattern, where natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands, secondary channels and alluvial bars. Within these islands, in september 2012, the vegetation of the central 3 ha sandy-gravelly bar was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. A new sandy-gravelly bar appeared in spring 2013, ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A multi-disciplinary research programme ('BioMareau'project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on biodiversity recolonization and on interactions and feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 16 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02608524v1
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[hal-01595189] Consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the sediment morphodynamic and the associated BIOdiversity in the mosaic of MAREAU-aux-prés islands.
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands are characterized by a multiple channel pattern affected by an incision of the main channel of 0.6m between 1979 and 2002. In this area, natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands, secondary channels and alluvial bars. The latter bars are colonized by woody pioneer trees, such as native black poplar (Populus nigra L.). Within these islands, the central 3 ha sandy-gravelly bar is currently beeing surveyed since 2007. In a first study from 2007 to 2012, a multidisciplinary approach has been conducted to understand sediment dynamics and morphological evolution into an island style, mainly governed by sedimentary vertical accretion and presence of woody pionner vegetation (Wintenberger et al. 2015a,b). In september 2012, the vegetation of such island was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. A new sandy-gravelly bar appeared in spring 2013, ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A second research programme from 2013 to 2015 was conducted in a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on physical and biological compartments. Field measurements on annual basis were performed on hydro-sedimentary processes to compare with the 2007-2012 period. Biotic components focus on colonization dynamics by Populus nigra seedlings (studying small-scale spatial genetic structure), by native and invasive flora (through seed bank and summer inventories), by community assemblages of ground beetles Coleoptera Carabidae, and on the consequence of the modification of the feeding habitat by the European beaver (as the central island constituted the main source of wood). A new project (2016-2019) has been elaborated, allowing to follow this long term survey, and also incorporating new technologies, such as satellite remote sensing. References : Wintenberger, C., et al. 2015a. Geomorphology, 246 : 305-320 Wintenberger, C., et al. 2015b. Geomorphology 248 : 185-204
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 26 Sep 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01595189v1
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[hal-02608517] Consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity and landscape in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (National Reserve of Saint-Mesmin, Loire River, France)
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands, along the Loire river are characterized by a multiple channel pattern, where natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands and secondary channels. Within these islands, in september 2012, fluvial management operations (FMO) were launched. The vegetation of the central sandy-gravelly bar (3 ha area) was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. The FMO are equivalent to a natural important flood : a new bare mineral substrate has appeared and since spring 2013 followed the succession of geomorphic, pioneer and biogeomorphic phases in interactions between hydro-morphodynamics and Salicaceae vegetation.This sandy-gravelly bar is an ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A multi-disciplinary research programme ('BioMareau' project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on interactions and feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components and, since 2017, on landscape evolution and perception.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 16 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02608517v1
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[hal-02325152] Potential spread of the invasive North American termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, and the impact of climate warming
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Suppo) 22 Oct 2019
https://hal.science/hal-02325152v1
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[hal-04210335] Rapport d'étude socio-anthropologique-Tâche 4 du projet OSTils. Les choix de plantation des arbres par les particuliers
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anaïs Mohamed) 18 Sep 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04210335v1
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[halshs-02045340] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur la biodiversité au sein des iles de Mareau-aux-prés (Réserve Nationale de Saint-Mesmin) : principaux résultats après 5 années d’étude.
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 22 Feb 2019
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02045340v1
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[hal-02799903] Natural history of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): New insights in relation to climate change
It is difficult to find a genus of Lepidoptera showing the high variability of life history traits observed in Thaumetopoea. There are typical summer feeding close to winter feeding species, and in one special case a recent switch has been detected even within one species, the pine processionary moth, indicating that the natural history traits are constantly evolving at a fast rate. There are species adapted to cold conditions of high mountains and high latitude close to truly Mediterranean and sub-desert region species. All species have gregarious behaviour as larva and are protected against vertebrate predators by urticating setae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrea Battisti) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799903v1
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[hal-02799280] Climate Warming and Past and Present Distribution of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.) in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa
Pine processionary moth, Thaumetopea pityocampa, is a model insect indicator of global warming, the northwards and upwards range expansion of this Mediterranean species being directly associated with the recent warming up. The knowledge about the drivers of moth expansion is synthesized. A first standardized mapping of the northern expansion edge, from Western Europe to Turkey, is presented, then detailed for 20 countries of Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, including future trends. Additional data about the responses of the other Thaumetopoea species are given. Finally, the chapter points out the importance of the man-mediated introductions in the expansion process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799280v1
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[hal-02649447] Contribution à l’amélioration de la germination chez une endémique forestière du Maroc, le cyprès de l’Atlas
La cupressacée à Cupressus atlantica, qui abrite une diversité biologique originale, joue un rôle socio-économique et écologique important. Cependant, ces formations, souvent présteppiques, sont soumises à des pressions croissantes d’origine principalement antropique. En outre, d’autres facteurs tels que la sécheresse, l’absence de régénération ou encore les ravageurs des cônes et des graines, menacent à terme l’avenir du cyprès de l’Atlas. Actuellement, les services forestiers marocains adoptent des orientations qui consistent à utiliser de plus en plus des espèces autochtones, notamment le Cyprès atlasique, dans les programmes de reboisement. Ainsi, il est très important de maîtriser l’itinéraire technique de production des plants de qualité. Cela nécessite une intensification des efforts en matière de recherche pour améliorer les connaissances desdifférentes étapes de ce processus, depuis la collecte des semences jusqu’à l’acclimatation des plants en passant par le stockage et la germination des graines. La présente étude vise à apporter une contribution concernant le comportement germinatif de ce conifère. En premier lieu, plusieurs traitements de prégermination (traitement chimique,traitement par l’eau à différentes températures,traitement mécanique qui consiste à frotter les graines avec du papier à sable) ont été expérimentés afin d’améliorer la germination par la levée de la dormance des graines. Les résultats relatifs à ces prétraitements ont montré que ces derniers jouent un rôle primordial dans la levée de la dormance et améliorent par conséquence la germination. En effet, les taux de germination les plus élevés 67,77% et 75,55% ont été enregistrés respectivement au niveau des graines traitées avec de l’eau chaude (60°C) et par la scarification mécanique. Le traitement avec de l’acide sulfurique concentré a conduit à des taux de germination très faibles voire nuls,contrairement à ce qui a été observé chez d’autres espèces forestières et à ce qui avait été précédemment reporté chez le Cyprès atlasique. C.atlantica possèdent une dormance physique attribuée au tégument dur, qui peut entraver larégénération naturelle. La scarification mécanique et l’eau chaude (60 oC) sont les traitements les plus efficaces pour améliorer la germination des graines du C. atlantica. Le stress hydrique et le stress salin ont un effet inhibiteur sur la germination des graines du cyprès de l’Atlas.Ces résultats, concernant la germination, premier maillon de l’opération de reboisement, peuvent contribuer à la restauration des espaces dégradés et la réhabilitation des écosystèmesaride et semi-aride.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Y. Arjouni) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02649447v1
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[hal-02648090] Geographical Variations of the Essential Oils in Natural Populations of Cupressus atlantica Gaussen in High Atlas Mountains (Morocco)
The compositions of the essential oils isolated from leaves of five natural populations of Cupressus atlantica (Cupressaceae), an endemic species from Morocco, were investigated by GC-FID and GC-MS. The analysis showed sixty one constituents, of which fifty seven constituents were identified, accounting for 83.8-95.5 % of the total oils. These oils were dominated by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; four of them (germacrene D, delta-cadinene, gamma-cadinene and beta-caryophyllene,) constituted 21- 52.2 % of the oil, except for Talat N'os population which showed a high rate of monoterpene hydrocarbons (41.4 %). Quantitative, rather than qualitative difference of components found in the essential oil was noted. This variation seems to depend on environmental aspects existing in the plant collection sites.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (My Youssef Arjouni) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648090v1
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[hal-02800748] Natural History of the Pine Processionary Moth,Thaumetopoea pityocampa
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dimitrios N. Avtzis) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02800748v1
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[hal-02651062] Acariens et insectes ravageurs de deux cupressacées menacées au Maroc: le Genévrier thurifère et le cyprès de l’Atlas
Actuellement, les écosystèmes des deux cupressacées forestières menacés au Maroc, le Genévrier thurifère et le cyprès de l’Atlas, sont très perturbés: sous-bois presque absent, sol érodé, et régénération très réduite. S’y ajoute l’impactdes ravageurs (acariens et insectes), spécialisés dans l’exploitation des galbules ou des cônes et des graines, sur la production de graines sus-ceptibles de germer. Cet impact des ravageurs diminue de manière notable le nombre de graines susceptibles de donner naissance à des plantules.La présente étude a pour but de: 1) établir l’inventaire de la faune entomologique liée aux galbules/cônes et aux graines de ces deux conifères, 2) mesurer son impact sur les potentialités de régénération, 3) préciser les relationsphénologiques entre ces ravageurs et leur plante hôte. Pour cela, on a choisi plusieurs sites dans l’aire naturelle marocaine des deux cupressacées. Pour le Thurifère, les sites choisis incluaient plusieurs espèces de Juniperus afin de pouvoir préciser si des espèces de ravageurs pouvaient passer de l’une à l’autre, et quelles étaient les différences éventuelles entre les populations de ravageurs présentes sur chaque essence. Pour le cyprès de l’Atlas, on s’est également efforcé de collecter des cônes de l’espèce voisine introduite, le cyprès toujours vert, afin de surveiller les échanges de faune possibles entre ces essences. Sur chacun des sites, des récoltes des cônes/galbules ont été effectuées fin mai. Lepourcentage de cônes/galbules attaqués par les insectes et acariens a été estimé, puis les graines ont été extraites pour être radiographiées afind’estimer le potentiel de graines viables.Une étude plus précise a été menée sur les punaises du genre Orsillus, afin de comparer leur réponse vis-à-vis des deux espèces de cyprès.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ahmed El Alaoui El Fels) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651062v1
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[hal-02626268] Winter temperature predicts prolonged diapause in pine processionary moth species across their geographic range
Prolonged diapause occurs in a number of insects and is interpreted as a way to evade adverse conditions. The winter pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni) are important pests of pines and cedars in the Mediterranean region. They are typically univoltine, with larvae feeding across the winter, pupating in spring in the soil and emerging as adults in summer. Pupae may, however, enter a prolonged diapause with adults emerging one or more years later. We tested the effect of variation in winter temperature on the incidence of prolonged diapause, using a total of 64 individual datasets related to insect cohorts over the period 1964-2015 for 36 sites in seven countries, covering most of the geographic range of both species. We found high variation in prolonged diapause incidence over their ranges. At both lower and upper ends of the thermal range in winter, prolonged diapause tended to be higher than at intermediate temperatures. Prolonged diapause may represent a risk-spreading strategy to mitigate climate uncertainty, although it may increase individual mortality because of a longer exposure to mortality factors such as predation, parasitism, diseases or energy depletion. Climate change, and in particular the increase of winter temperature, may reduce the incidence of prolonged diapause in colder regions whereas it may increase it in warmer ones, with consequences for population dynamics.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Md Habibur Rahman Salman) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626268v1
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[hal-02822462] The ALARM field site network, an outstanding tool for the survey of invasive insects infesting seeds of wild roses in europe. Chapter 6: Biological invasions
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02822462v1
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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 09 Oct 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[hal-02652762] Increased gene sampling strengthens support for higher-level groups within leaf-mining moths and relatives (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Background: Researchers conducting molecular phylogenetic studies are frequently faced with the decision of what to do when weak branch support is obtained for key nodes of importance. As one solution, the researcher may choose to sequence additional orthologous genes of appropriate evolutionary rate for the taxa in the study. However, generating large, complete data matrices can become increasingly difficult as the number of characters increases. A few empirical studies have shown that augmenting genes even for a subset of taxa can improve branch support. However, because each study differs in the number of characters and taxa, there is still a need for additional studies that examine whether incomplete sampling designs are likely to aid at increasing deep node resolution. We target Gracillariidae, a Cretaceous-age (similar to 100 Ma) group of leaf-mining moths to test whether the strategy of adding genes for a subset of taxa can improve branch support for deep nodes. We initially sequenced ten genes (8,418 bp) for 57 taxa that represent the major lineages of Gracillariidae plus outgroups. After finding that many deep divergences remained weakly supported, we sequenced eleven additional genes (6,375 bp) for a 27-taxon subset. We then compared results from different data sets to assess whether one sampling design can be favored over another. The concatenated data set comprising all genes and all taxa and three other data sets of different taxon and gene sub-sampling design were analyzed with maximum likelihood. Each data set was subject to five different models and partitioning schemes of non-synonymous and synonymous changes. Statistical significance of non-monophyly was examined with the Approximately Unbiased (AU) test. Results: Partial augmentation of genes led to high support for deep divergences, especially when non-synonymous changes were analyzed alone. Increasing the number of taxa without an increase in number of characters led to lower bootstrap support; increasing the number of characters without increasing the number of taxa generally increased bootstrap support. More than three-quarters of nodes were supported with bootstrap values greater than 80% when all taxa and genes were combined. Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae + Leucanthiza, and Acrocercops and Parectopa groups were strongly supported in nearly every analysis. Gracillaria group was well supported in some analyses, but less so in others. We find strong evidence for the exclusion of Douglasiidae from Gracillarioidea sensu Davis and Robinson (1998). Our results strongly support the monophyly of a G.B.R.Y. clade, a group comprised of Gracillariidae + Bucculatricidae + Roeslerstammiidae + Yponomeutidae, when analyzed with non-synonymous changes only, but this group was frequently split when synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were analyzed together. Conclusions: 1) Partially or fully augmenting a data set with more characters increased bootstrap support for particular deep nodes, and this increase was dramatic when non-synonymous changes were analyzed alone. Thus, the addition of sites that have low levels of saturation and compositional heterogeneity can greatly improve results. 2) Gracillarioidea, as defined by Davis and Robinson (1998), clearly do not include Douglasiidae, and changes to current classification will be required. 3) Gracillariidae were monophyletic in all analyses conducted, and nearly all species can be placed into one of six strongly supported clades though relationships among these remain unclear. 4) The difficulty in determining the phylogenetic placement of Bucculatricidae is probably attributable to compositional heterogeneity at the third codon position. From our tests for compositional heterogeneity and strong bootstrap values obtained when synonymous changes are excluded, we tentatively conclude that Bucculatricidae is closely related to Gracillariidae + Roeslerstammiidae + Yponomeutidae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Akito Kawahara) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652762v1
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[hal-03291145] Bark beetles and pinhole borers recently or newly introduced to France (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
We present an annotated list of 11 Scolytinae and Platypodinae species newly or recently introduced to France. Four species are recorded for the first time as interceptions: Euplatypus hintzi (Schaufuss), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff and Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius). Two are possibly naturalised: Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff and Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff, while Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers) and Xyloterinus politus (Say) are confirmed as species newly established in Europe. Moreover, an unidentified species of Amasa Lea, collected previously in Spain, is recorded for the first time in France: Amasa sp. near truncata (Erichson). We point out that literature references to Amasa truncata as an invasive species in New Zealand and South America are incorrect, as the photographs of these non-native populations do not match the holotype of A. truncata. For each species we have updated its global distribution, detailed all French records, and summarized biology, ecology, host trees and potential risks as pests.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Barnouin) 19 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03291145v1
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[anses-04855184] Avis de L'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces - Cycle biologique, - Plantes hôtes, - Symptômes, - Aires de distribution, - Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, - Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement - Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, - Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, - Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination - Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, - Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles - Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, - Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris est présentée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 24 Dec 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04855184v1
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[anses-04608634] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Euplatypus hintzi »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL1 en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF2. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères ravageurs des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 11 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04608634v1
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[hal-03366792] Preventing invasions of Asian longhorn beetle and citrus longhorn beetle: are we on the right track?
Two Asian longhorn beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis, are among the most serious alien invasive species attacking forest and urban trees, both in North America and Europe. Major efforts have been put into preventing further entry and establishment of the two species as well as promoting their successful eradication. Here, we review these efforts, their progress and outcome, and scientific advancements in monitoring and control methods. The combined international activities and harmonizing legislative changes in detection and eradication methods have proven worthwhile, with more than 45% of eradication programmes successful in the last 12 years. Some countries were able to completely eradicate all populations and others managed to reduce the area affected. Although the costs of the eradication programmes can be very high, the benefits outweigh inaction. Attempts to eradicate A. chinensis have been more challenging in comparison with those targeting A. glabripennis. For both species, efforts are hampered by the ongoing arrival of new beetles, both from their native regions in Asia and from other invaded regions via bridgehead effects. The methods used for eradication have not changed much during the last decade, and host removal is still the method most commonly used. On the other hand, detection methods have diversified during the last decade with advances in semiochemical research and use of detection dogs. The next decade will determine if eradications continue to be successful, particularly in the case of A. chinensis, which has been targeted in some countries for containment instead of eradication. Key Message: • Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are invasive wood borers native to Asia • Both species are serious pests in their invaded range, attacking healthy forest and urban trees • We analyse data from 2008–2020, regarding interceptions, establishments and eradications • In Europe and North America more than 45% of eradication programmes were successful • Innovations on management strategies and recent scientific achievements are reviewed
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sofia Branco) 05 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03366792v1
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[anses-04353534] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Xylotrechus chinensis »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marchés d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi (Gahan, 1906) ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 19 Dec 2023
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04353534v1
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[anses-04616086] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « l’avenant à la saisine de catégorisation de 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques incluant Xylotrechus chinensis »
Xylotrechus chinensis (XYLOCH) est un insecte longicorne originaire de la région paléarctique orientale (Chine, Corée du Nord, Corée du Sud, Japon et Taïwan) dont la présence a été signalée pour la première fois sur le territoire de l’Union européenne (UE) en Espagne (depuis 2013 en Catalogne, 2018 à Valence), en Grèce (depuis 2017 en Crète, 2019 à Athènes), en France (depuis 2017 en Occitanie, 2018 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine) et en Italie (depuis 2023 en Lombardie) où il cause des dégâts sur mûrier platane (Morus bombycis). Selon les données scientifiques fournies précédemment par l’Anses et dans un avis de l’EFSA publié en 2021 , cet organisme nuisible se développe préférentiellement dans les arbres de la famille des Moraceae (Morus alba, M. bombycis et M. australis). X. chinensis est inscrit depuis 2018 sur la liste d'alerte de l'OEPP . Dans son avis de 2021, l’EFSA indique que cet organisme remplit les critères pour être catégorisé comme organisme de quarantaine de l'Union européenne (UE) sans prendre en compte les éventuelles sous-espèces et en précisant comme autre source d'incertitude la réelle étendue de sa présence sur le territoire européen. Sur le territoire français X. chinensis a été classé temporairement comme organisme réglementé en 2022. Des actions de surveillance ont été conduites pour tenter de délimiter le périmètre des foyers observés et d’identifier les potentiels impacts. Des échanges ont eu lieu ultérieurement au niveau de l’UE concernant la possibilité de réglementer cet organisme sur le territoire de l’Union ; cette option n’a pas été retenue à ce stade compte tenu notamment des capacités de dispersion rapide de l’organisme nuisible et de son impact économique qui semble limité aux plantes du genre Morus. En France, la surveillance a mis en évidence des attaques sévères sur certains individus du genre Morus. Elle a également montré que les foyers concernent des surfaces importantes dans les régions de Sète et de Bordeaux; leur éradication ne semble pas réalisable d’autant qu’ils se situent dans des espaces urbanisés, ce qui complexifie la mise en œuvre de mesures de gestion. Pour autant, la mise en œuvre de mesures de lutte dans le but de maintenir un niveau de population le plus bas possible pour limiter les impacts et la propagation de l’organisme nuisible pourrait avoir du sens dans certains contextes compte tenu des éléments suivants : - les mûriers sont des arbres d’ornement dont la présence est relativement importante en particulier dans le sud de la France et certains de ces mûriers ont une valeur patrimoniale ; les foyers ont une surface encore limitée par rapport à l’aire de répartition des mûriers en France ; la gestion des arbres infestés peut représenter un enjeu de sécurité pour les municipalités ; même si jusqu’à présent, l’organisme n’a été identifié que sur mûrier dans l’UE, il n’est pas possible d’exclure à ce jour qu’il puisse s’attaquer à des espèces d’intérêt agronomique (des échanges sont en cours avec l’INRAE à ce sujet dans le but d’essayer de lever certaines incertitudes). (extrait)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 18 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04616086v1
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[hal-02675118] Characterization of five microsatellite loci in the pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02675118v1
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[hal-04175404] Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
Abstract International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Iva Franić) 02 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04175404v1
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[mnhn-05431499] À propos de Cilix hispanica : présence en Indre-et-Loire et façon de le reconnaître plus facilement sur le terrain (Lepidoptera Drepanidae Drepaninae)
La présence de Cilix hispanica est signalée pour la première fois dans le département de l’Indre-et-Loire. En outre, les auteurs dévoilent un caractère morphologique inédit permettant de différencier de manière certaine hispanica des formes claires de glaucata sans avoir recours à l’examen des genitalia ni des codes-barres ADN. Par ailleurs, l’holotype et les deux paratypes de Cilix algirica sont figurés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Lévêque) 25 Dec 2025
https://mnhn.hal.science/mnhn-05431499v1
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[hal-03530621] Characterization of the habitats colonized by the alien ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus at the Kerguelen islands
In the present work, we conducted a field-based study to identify the type of habitats colonized by the alien ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus at the Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean, and to delineate the spatial dynamics of this species. We used periodic trapping at several coastal habitats on Ile Haute (one of the islands from the Kerguelen archipelago), together with opportunistic active searches at other locations on this subantarctic archipelago. A total of 1081 sites were visited. Our data showed that adult M. soledadinus were mostly found near the tide drift line (372/540 obs., i.e., 69 %) in various habitats, including (1) in the foreshore under timber, (2) beneath stones in coastal areas near penguin colonies, and (3) in herbfields and meadows. It was previously assumed that the habitat distribution of this species was restricted to the herbfields of coastal areas, with our inland observations showing that M. soledadinus (265/541 obs., i.e. 49 %) occupied areas (1) in the vicinity of cushion-carpets, (2) along rivers and ponds beneath stones or mammal carrion, and (3) in fell-fields that contained plant patches (Azorella selago, Colobanthus kerguelensis, or Lycopodium magellanicum and/or bryophytes). Our study is expected to facilitate the implementation of biosecurity measures to mitigate accidental introduction of M. soledadinus to pristine areas that it has not yet colonized.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Renault) 17 Jan 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03530621v1
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[hal-02637388] The EASIN Editorial Board: quality assurance, exchange and sharing of alien species information in Europe
The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) aims to facilitate the exploration of alien species information in Europe, and is recognized as the information system supporting European Union Member States in the implementation of the recently published Invasive Alien Species Regulation. In this paper, we present the role and activities of the EASIN Editorial Board (EB), which is responsible for the quality assurance, safeguarding and constant improvement of EASIN. The EB is supported by a web platform that facilitates online discussions about alien species. This platform creates a virtual community by providing a forum-like interface that is moderated by the EB Members but is freely accessible to the scientific community and the general public. It allows all registered users to make comments, raise questions and share experience and expertise on alien species in Europe. Moreover, it provides a means for exchanging opinions and solving disputes in a transparent way. The overall EB activity is commonly agreed upon procedures and standards.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Konstantinos Tsiamis) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02637388v1
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[hal-02627472] Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native species
Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pablo Gonzalez-Moreno) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627472v1
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[hal-02638263] Crossing frontiers in tackling pathways of biological Invasions
Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, and major frontiers in research and management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints, and discuss major challenges in four broad fields of pathway research and management: pathway classification, application of pathway information, management response, and management impact. We present approaches to describe and quantify pathway attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies of introduction effort, environmental and socioeconomic contexts) and how they interact with species traits and regional characteristics. We also provide recommendations for a research agenda with particular focus on emerging (or neglected) research questions and present new analytical tools in the context of pathway research and management.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02638263v1
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[hal-03206694] Climate-induced forest dieback drives compositional change in insect communities that is concentrated amongst rare species
Marked decline in insect species richness, abundance and biomass have recently been quantified in Europe. We metabarcoded 224 Malaise-trap samples to investigate whether drought-induced forest dieback and subsequent salvage logging have an impact on flying insects (ca. 3000 insect species) in silver fir Pyrenean forests. We found no evidence that climate-induced forest dieback impacted species richness of flying insects but revealed compositional turnover patterns consistent with those seen during natural forest succession, given that the key covariates explaining compositional variation were canopy openness versus microhabitat diversity and deadwood amount at local and landscape scales, respectively. Importantly, most change was driven by rare species. In contrast, observed levels of salvage logging did not explain change in species richness or composition. Hence, although forest dieback appears to cause changes in species assemblages mimicking natural forest succession, it also increases the risk of catastrophic loss of rare species through homogenization of environmental conditions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 23 Apr 2021
https://univ-tours.hal.science/hal-03206694v1
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[hal-02804116] Tracking origins of invasive leaf-mining moths using herbaria and minibarcodes
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David C Lees) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02804116v1
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[hal-02651670] Tracking origins of invasive herbivores through herbaria and archival DNA: the case of the horse-chestnut leaf miner
Determining the native geographic range or origin of alien invasive species is crucial to developing invasive species management strategies. However, the necessary historical dimension is often lacking. The origin of the highly invasive horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth Cameraria ohridella has been controversial since the insect was first described in 1986 in Europe. Here, we reveal that herbarium collections across Europe indicate a Balkan origin for C ohridella. We successfully amplified nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA barcode fragments from larvae pressed within leaves of herbarium samples collected as early as 1879. These archival sequences confirm an identity of C ohridella and set back its history in Europe by more than a century. The herbarium samples uncovered previously unknown mitochondrial haplotypes and locally undocumented alleles, showing local outbreaks of C ohridella back to at least 1961 and dynamic frequency changes that may be associated with road development. This case history demonstrates that herbaria are greatly underutilized in studies of insect–plant interactions, herbivore biodiversity, and invasive species' origins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Lees) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651670v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-03750402] DNA metabarcoding of passive trap collection media for forest insect biomonitoring
Insect decline has been increasingly reported in the past years due to global change. Large-scale biomonitoring has thus become necessary to better understand the dynamics of insect communities and to preserve their essential role in ecosystem functioning. In that sense, coupling high-throughput sequencing and DNA metabarcoding has exponentially increased our potentiality to monitor insect communities over wider geographic regions and time scales. However, biomonitoring of entomofauna using molecular tools often results in destructive DNA extraction through voucher grinding, impeding primordial morphological backup. Here, we filter unprocessed collection medium to assess insect communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding. We demonstrate that recovered communities are different yet complementary and that insect response to environmental changes remains similar to homogenate bulk metabarcoding. We also show that insect orders-by their contrasting sclerotization ratio-, and collection medium type, are unequal in yielding metabarcoding results. Overall, we believe it as an efficient alternative for biomonitoring insect response to ecological changes while preserving insect vouchers for identification and description, especially in tropical regions were singletons or undescribed species can be very common in trap samples.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 12 Aug 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03750402v1
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[hal-02613360] Understanding the impacts of widespread forest die-offs across France, Germany, and China
Metabarcoding increases the taxonomic resolution and geographic scale at which researchers can assess the impacts of climate change on insect communities in forests
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 20 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02613360v1
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[hal-02744907] Tracking origins of the highly invasive horse-chestnut leafminer using herbaria and minibarcodes
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David C Lees) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02744907v1
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[hal-01602700] Troubling travellers: are ecologically harmful alien species associated with particular introduction pathways?
Prioritization of introduction pathways is seen as an important component of the management of biological invasions. We address whether established alien plants, mammals, freshwater fish and terrestrial invertebrates with known ecological impacts are associated with particular introduction pathways (release, escape, contaminant, stowaway, corridor and unaided). We used the information from the European alien species database DAISIE (www.europe-aliens.org) supplemented by the EASIN catalogue (European Alien Species Information Network), and expert knowledge. Plants introduced by the pathways release, corridor and unaided were disproportionately more likely to have ecological impacts than those introduced as contaminants. In contrast, impacts were not associated with particular introduction pathways for invertebrates, mammals or fish. Thus, while for plants management strategies should be targeted towards the appropriate pathways, for animals, management should focus on reducing the total number of taxa introduced, targeting those pathways responsible for high numbers of introductions. However, regardless of taxonomic group, having multiple introduction pathways increases the likelihood of the species having an ecological impact. This may simply reflect that species introduced by multiple pathways have high propagule pressure and so have a high probability of establishment. Clearly, patterns of invasion are determined by many interacting factors and management strategies should reflect this complexity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jan Pergl) 26 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01602700v1
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[hal-04385991] Persisting roadblocks in arthropod monitoring using non-destructive metabarcoding from collection media of passive traps
Background Broad-scale monitoring of arthropods is often carried out with passive traps ( e.g., Malaise traps) that can collect thousands of specimens per sample. The identification of individual specimens requires time and taxonomic expertise, limiting the geographical and temporal scale of research and monitoring studies. DNA metabarcoding of bulk-sample homogenates has been found to be faster, efficient and reliable, but the destruction of samples prevents a posteriori validation of species occurrences and relative abundances. Non-destructive metabarcoding of DNA extracted from collection medium has been applied in a limited number of studies, but further tests of efficiency are required with different trap types and collection media to assess the consistency of the method. Methods We quantified the detection rate of arthropod species when applying non-destructive DNA metabarcoding with a short (127-bp) fragment of mitochondrial COI on two combinations of passive traps and collection media: (1) water with monopropylene glycol (H 2 O–MPG) used in window-flight traps (WFT, 53 in total); (2) ethanol with monopropylene glycol (EtOH–MPG) used in Malaise traps (MT, 27 in total). We then compared our results with those obtained for the same samples using morphological identification (for WFTs) or destructive metabarcoding of bulk homogenate (for MTs). This comparison was applied as part of a larger study of arthropod species richness in silver fir ( Abies alba Mill., 1759) stands across a range of climate-induced tree dieback levels and forest management strategies. Results Of the 53 H 2 O-MPG samples from WFTs, 16 produced no metabarcoding results, while the remaining 37 samples yielded 77 arthropod MOTUs in total, of which none matched any of the 343 beetle species morphologically identified from the same traps. Metabarcoding of 26 EtOH–MPG samples from MTs detected more arthropod MOTUs (233) than destructive metabarcoding of homogenate (146 MOTUs, 8 orders), of which 71 were shared MOTUs, though MOTU richness per trap was similar between treatments. While we acknowledge the failure of metabarcoding from WFT-derived collection medium (H 2 O–MPG), the treatment of EtOH-based Malaise trapping medium remains promising. We conclude however that DNA metabarcoding from collection medium still requires further methodological developments and cannot replace homogenate metabarcoding as an approach for arthropod monitoring. It can be used nonetheless as a complementary treatment when enhancing the detection of soft-bodied arthropods like spiders and Diptera.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 12 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385991v1
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[hal-02626202] Developing a framework of minimum standards for the risk assessment of alien species
1. Biological invasions are a threat to biodiversity, society and the economy. There is an urgent need to provide evidence- based assessments of the risks posed by invasive alien species (IAS) to prioritize action. Risk assessments underpin IAS policies in many ways: informing legislation; providing justification of restrictions in trade or consumer activities; prioritizing surveillance and rapid response. There are benefits to ensuring consistency in content of IAS risk assessments globally, and this can be achieved by providing a framework of minimum standards as a checklist for quality assurance. 2. From a review of existing risk assessment protocols, and with reference to the requirements of the EU Regulation on IAS (1143/2014) and international agreements including the World Trade Organisation, Convention on Biological Diversity and International Plant Protection Convention, coupled with consensus methods, we identified and agreed upon 14 minimum standards (attributes) a riskassessment scheme should include. 3. The agreed minimum standards were as follows: (1) basic species description; (2) likelihood of invasion; (3) distribution, spread and impacts; (4) assessment of introduction pathways; (5) assessment of impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems; (6) Assessment of impact on ecosystem services; (7) assessment of socio-economic impacts; (8) consideration of status (threatened or protected) of species or habitat under threat; (9) assessment of effects of future climate change; (10) completion possible even when there is a lack of information; (11) documents information sources; (12) provides a summary in a consistent and interpretable form; (13) -includes uncertainty; (14) includes quality assurance. In deriving these minimum standards, gaps in knowledge required for completing risk assessments and the scope of existing risk assessment protocols were revealed, most notably in relation to assessing benefits, socio-economic impacts and impacts on ecosystem services but also inclusion of consideration of climate change. 4. Policy implications. We provide a checklist of components that should be within invasive alien species risk assessments and recommendations to develop risk assessments to meet these proposed minimum standards. Although inspired by implementation of the European Union Regulation on invasive alien species, and as such developed specifically within a European context, the derived framework and minimum standards could be applied globally.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen E. Roy) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626202v1
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[hal-02627982] Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union
The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2-day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen E. Roy) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627982v1
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[hal-02648473] Reply to Keller and Springborn: No doubt about invasion debt
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648473v1
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[hal-02633992] Size and dispersion of urticating setae in three species of processionary moths
Larvae of the processionary moths of the Palaearctic region bear urticating setae that are released against vertebrate predators, especially insectivorous birds. A few species are pests of forest and urban trees and, consequently, may threaten human and animal health during outbreaks, causing dermatitis, conjunctivitis and respiratory distress. Although some studies provide detailed information about the setae, particularly those of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, there is little knowledge on the morphological traits of the setae and their release by the larvae. In the present study we identify major traits of the setae of 3 species of processionary moth, T. pityocampa, T. pinivora and T. processionea, which are potentially helpful in the understanding of setae dynamics in the environment: (i) diameter and length of setae and (ii) analysis of dynamical properties of the setae in the airborne state. Setae are highly variable in size, with bimodal distribution in T. pityocampa and T. pinivora; in these 2 species, short and long setae are interspersed within the integument fields where they occur. The difference in the seta size has important consequences in dispersion, as smaller setae can spread 5 times further than their bigger counterparts. This information is relevant for a full understanding of the defensive importance of larval setae against natural enemies of the processionary moths, as well for elucidating the importance of the processionary setae as air pollutants, both close to the infested trees and at longer distances.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02633992v1
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[hal-02650956] Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt
Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called “invasion debt.” Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02650956v1
