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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-02622748] Census and contemporary effective population size of two populations of the protected Spanish Moon Moth (Graellsia isabellae)
Graellsia isabellae is a protected lepidopteran both in France and Spain; however, there has been considerable debate over its conservation status. Recent literature emphasised the need of monitoring population size in the different mountain ranges where this iconic species occurs. We used mark-capture-recapture and genotypes of nine molecular microsatellite markers to estimate the census (N) and contemporary effective population size (N-e) of two Spanish populations extending over similar size areas (10-15 km(2)): Puebla (Eastern Spain) and Ordesa (Western Pyrenees). Only adult males were captured and analysed, as sampling was based on the use of the synthesised female sex pheromone. Estimates of N were rather different in the two populations: 3398 males in Puebla (95% CI = 2875-4145) and 1500 in Ordesa (95% CI = 1229-1932), although the area occupied by the populations was larger and more densely forested in Ordesa than in Puebla. Several lines of evidence pointed to a moderate-large contemporary N-e at Puebla (173-178 individuals) and a one-order of magnitude lower N-e at Ordesa (27-49). Thus, N-e/N ratios were very low (0.026 and 0.01 respectively). We recommend G. isabellae to be classified as of Least Concern under the IUCN criteria; however, the high temporal fragmentation index and the very low values of the N-e/N ratios obtained for this species, as compared with those recorded for most others, are usually taken as indicators of actual threat for their conservation. As a cautionary measure, managers should aim at maintaining gene flow by ensuring connectivity of Pinus sylvestris in these areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Neus Mari-Mena) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02622748v1
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[hal-05726760] Molecular Approaches to Uncover the Diversity of Leafminers in Tropical Dry Forests
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antonio Hernandez-Lopez) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05726760v1
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[hal-05743702] Phylogenomics Illuminates the Evolutionary History of Wild Silkmoths in Space and Time (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are one of the most emblematic and well-studied families of moths. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We sequenced and analyzed 1024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all described subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We investigated systematic biases in genomic data and performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses using extinction-free and state-dependent speciation and extinction models to document the evolutionary history of wild silkmoths in space and time. Using gene genealogy interrogation, we showed that saturation of nucleotide sequence data blurs our understanding of early divergences and first biogeographic events. Our results support a Neotropical origin of saturniids but remain inconclusive with respect to the extent of the ancestral range for the family. The “traditional” hypothesis of an origin restricted to the Neotropics is supported by models that account for founder-effect dispersal, but a new alternative scenario recovered from other models is proposed and considered a better fit to the hypothetical modes of diversification in these moths. It estimates a broader ancestral range covering the Neotropical, West Nearctic, and East Palearctic bioregions and emphasizes the critical role of Beringia as a route between the New World and the Old World during the Eocene. Interestingly, all the early branching lineages of Saturniidae that diversified into today’s recognized subfamilies are characterized by a very strong geographic conservatism, except for one noticeable exception, the Saturniinae subfamily, that is now present on all continents but Antarctica. Overall, our results provide a framework for in-depth investigations into the spatial and temporal dynamics of all saturniid lineages and for the integration of their evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the proper alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results leads us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification, including the description of one new subfamily and two new tribes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 09 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05743702v1
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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 09 Oct 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[hal-03409926] Phylogeny of gracillariid leaf‐mining moths: evolution of larval behaviour inferred from phylogenomic and Sanger data
Gracillariidae is the most taxonomically diverse cosmopolitan leaf-mining moth family, consisting of nearly 2000 named species in 105 described genera, classified into eight extant subfamilies. The majority of gracillariid species are internal plant feeders as larvae, creating mines and galls in plant tissue. Despite their diversity and ecological adaptations, their phylogenetic relationships, especially among subfamilies, remain uncertain. Genomic data (83 taxa, 589 loci) were integrated with Sanger data (130 taxa, 22 loci), to reconstruct a phylogeny of Gracillariidae. Based on analyses of both datasets combined and analyzed separately, monophyly of Gracillariidae and all its subfamilies, monophyly of the clade "LAMPO" (subfamilies: Lithocolletinae, Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, Phyllocnistinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) and relationships of its subclade "AMO" (subfamilies: Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) were strongly supported. A sister-group relationship of Ornixolinae to the remainder of the family, and a monophyletic leaf roller lineage (Callicercops V ari + Parornichinae) + Gracillariinae, as sister to the "LAMPO" clade were supported by the most likely tree. Dating analyses indicate a mid-Cretaceous (105.3 Ma) origin of the family, followed by a rapid diversification into the nine subfamilies predating the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction. We hypothesize that advanced larval behaviours, such as making keeled or tentiform blotch mines, rolling leaves and galling, allowed gracillariids to better avoid larval parasitoids allowing them to further diversify. Finally, we stabilize the classification by formally re-establishing the subfamily ranks of Marmarinae stat.rev., Oecophyllembiinae stat.rev. and Parornichinae stat.rev., and erect a new subfamily, Callicercopinae Li, Ohshima and Kawahara to accommodate the enigmatic genus Callicercops.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Xuankun Li) 30 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03409926v1
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[hal-03643490] Understanding density-dependent polyphenism in melanism in sub-Arctic range expanding populations of the winter moth Operophtera brumata: an ecophysiological perspective
Density-dependent polyphenism of cuticle melanization is a widespread phenomenon in Lepidopteran caterpillars. In the sub-Arctic Fennoscandian birch forest, where the Winter Moth Operophtera brumata is expanding northward and exhibits 10-year cyclical outbreaks, crowding has been associated with the promotion of melanized larvae. No such striking polyphenism is reported at lower latitudes, possible due to lower densities. However, dark pigmentation does not seem to prevail either in populations currently invading North America despite outbreak densities, raising questions on the adaptive function of polyphenism in Fennoscandia. The evolutionary significance of melanism at high densities is not fully understood, but evidence is accumulating in a number of species that it can be associated with increased immunity, predator avoidance (camouflage, warning), or thermoregulation. In the winter moth, however, the camouflage and immunity hypotheses have been rejected, and melanization even appeared to increase enemy vulnerability. We hypothesized that melanization may be an intra- and inter-specific advantage over pale competitors during outbreaks if better absorption of solar radiation allows higher body temperature and earlier nymphosis (before total defoliation), especially at midnight sun latitudes. Such thermal melanism was tested by comparing metabolic rate and phenology among larval phenotypes. Metabolic rate was found to vary greatly but was 150% higher in melanized versus pale larvae under artificial light. The causal relationship with radiation absorption was further explored using respirometry with no light, and thermography. Preliminary results on the phenology of either phenotypes will be presented. Our findings suggest ecophysiological benefits of melanization that may offset its costs on enemy resistance during outbreaks. Sliding selection regimes caused by cold summers and cyclic dynamics at the northern front likely contribute to maintaining phenotypic heterogeneity, a parameter largely neglected in attempts to predict expansions and invasions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 15 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03643490v1
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[hal-03655836] The CLIMTREE Project: Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of climate-induced tree diebacks in highland forests
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paul Schmidt Yáñez) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655836v1
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[hal-04385991] Persisting roadblocks in arthropod monitoring using non-destructive metabarcoding from collection media of passive traps
Background Broad-scale monitoring of arthropods is often carried out with passive traps ( e.g., Malaise traps) that can collect thousands of specimens per sample. The identification of individual specimens requires time and taxonomic expertise, limiting the geographical and temporal scale of research and monitoring studies. DNA metabarcoding of bulk-sample homogenates has been found to be faster, efficient and reliable, but the destruction of samples prevents a posteriori validation of species occurrences and relative abundances. Non-destructive metabarcoding of DNA extracted from collection medium has been applied in a limited number of studies, but further tests of efficiency are required with different trap types and collection media to assess the consistency of the method. Methods We quantified the detection rate of arthropod species when applying non-destructive DNA metabarcoding with a short (127-bp) fragment of mitochondrial COI on two combinations of passive traps and collection media: (1) water with monopropylene glycol (H 2 O–MPG) used in window-flight traps (WFT, 53 in total); (2) ethanol with monopropylene glycol (EtOH–MPG) used in Malaise traps (MT, 27 in total). We then compared our results with those obtained for the same samples using morphological identification (for WFTs) or destructive metabarcoding of bulk homogenate (for MTs). This comparison was applied as part of a larger study of arthropod species richness in silver fir ( Abies alba Mill., 1759) stands across a range of climate-induced tree dieback levels and forest management strategies. Results Of the 53 H 2 O-MPG samples from WFTs, 16 produced no metabarcoding results, while the remaining 37 samples yielded 77 arthropod MOTUs in total, of which none matched any of the 343 beetle species morphologically identified from the same traps. Metabarcoding of 26 EtOH–MPG samples from MTs detected more arthropod MOTUs (233) than destructive metabarcoding of homogenate (146 MOTUs, 8 orders), of which 71 were shared MOTUs, though MOTU richness per trap was similar between treatments. While we acknowledge the failure of metabarcoding from WFT-derived collection medium (H 2 O–MPG), the treatment of EtOH-based Malaise trapping medium remains promising. We conclude however that DNA metabarcoding from collection medium still requires further methodological developments and cannot replace homogenate metabarcoding as an approach for arthropod monitoring. It can be used nonetheless as a complementary treatment when enhancing the detection of soft-bodied arthropods like spiders and Diptera.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 12 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385991v1
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[hal-03605936] Dérèglement climatique et variabilité phénologique de la processionnaire du pin. Comprendre pour améliorer la lutte.
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Poitou) 11 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03605936v1
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[hal-05726853] Biomonitoring Insect Diversity and Interactions with High-Throughput Sequencing
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05726853v1
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[hal-05725796] Confirmation de la présence en France de Monochroa servella (Zeller, 1839) (Gelechiidae Aristoteliinae)
Bien que mentionné dans le catalogue Lhomme, le géléchiide Monochroa servella (Zeller, 1839) n’avait pas été signalé de France depuis la première moitié du XXe siècle. Le présent article signale sa découverte à Queige (Savoie) en juin 2022. Des observations supplémentaires à Queige et à Saint-Ger-main-d’Arcé (Sarthe) entre 2018 et 2023 viennent confirmer sa présence sur le territoire.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tim Green) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725796v1
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[hal-05725786] ERGA-BGE genome of the Spanish moon moth Actias isabellae Graells, 1849: a nocturnal lepidopteran protected by the Habitats Directive
High-quality reference genomes are critical resources for understanding biodiversity and supporting conservation efforts. We present the chromosome-level assembly of the Spanish moon moth, Actias isabellae (Graells, 1849), a nocturnal lepidopteran protected under the EU Habitats Directive. The assembly spans 0.56 Gb across 31 pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome, with a contig N50 of 18.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 20.4 Mb. The mitochondrial genome was also assembled into a 15,247 bp circular sequence. Annotation identified 11,805 protein-coding genes and 2,238 non-coding genes, with a BUSCO completeness of over 94%. Notably, no W chromosome was detected, suggesting a ZZ/Z0 sex determination system. This reference genome provides an essential foundation for studying sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera and enables advanced population genomics monitoring of this protected species. More broadly, it contributes to ongoing efforts within the European Reference Genome Atlas and the Earth BioGenome Project to harness genomics for biodiversity conservation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marta Vila) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725786v1
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[hal-03555250] Climate-induced forest dieback drives compositional changes in insect communities that are more pronounced for rare species
Species richness, abundance and biomass of insects have recently undergone marked declines in Europe. We metabarcoded 211 Malaise-trap samples to investigate whether drought-induced forest dieback and subsequent salvage logging had an impact on ca. 3000 species of flying insects in silver fir Pyrenean forests. While forest dieback had no measurable impact on species richness, there were significant changes in community composition that were consistent with those observed during natural forest succession. Importantly, most observed changes were driven by rare species. Variation was explained primarily by canopy openness at the local scale, and the tree-related microhabitat diversity and deadwood amount at landscape scales. The levels of salvage logging in our study did not explain compositional changes. We conclude that forest dieback drives changes in species assemblages that mimic natural forest succession, and markedly increases the risk of catastrophic loss of rare species through homogenization of environmental conditions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 03 Feb 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03555250v1
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[hal-02632149] A new genus and species of leaf-mining moth from the French Alps, Mercantouria neli gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)
The Alps are a hotspot of biodiversity in Europe with many Lepidoptera species still to be discovered. Here we describe a new gracillariid genus and species, Mercantouria neli gen. n. and sp. n. The morphology of the male genitalia is highly differentiated with unique features. DNA barcodes show that its nearest neighbor is the North American species ‘Caloptilia’ scutellariella (Braun, 1923). M. neli is known from four adults (two males and two females) collected at two localities in the French Alps. Its host plant and life cycle remain unknown.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Peter Huemer) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02632149v1
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[hal-03655936] ACTIAS-WF workflow for a better account of biodiversity
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655936v1
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[hal-03655842] A genomic perspective on deep DNA barcode splits in European Lepidoptera
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marko Mutanen) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655842v1
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[hal-04236374] Tracing the invasion of a leaf‑mining moth in the Palearctic through DNA barcoding of historical herbaria
Herbarium specimens collected over the centuries in different biogeographic regions have a great value for science. They represent not only an important source of information for botanists, but they also provide entomologists with paramount evidences on past diversity, distribution, abundance, and trophic associations of insects (Lees et al 2011). Here we focus on the lime leaf-miner, Phyllonorycter issikii, an invasive micromoth with an unusually higher number of haplotypes in the invaded area (Europe, Western Siberia) compared to its putative native region (East Asia) (Kirichenko et al 2011). The origin of the genetic diversity in the neocolonized region remains unclear. We surveyed over 15 thousand herbarium specimens of lime trees (Tilia spp.) collected across the Palearctic over a period of 252 years (1764–2016) looking for preserved larvae within the archival leaf mines. We found 203 herbarium specimens with leaf mines of Ph. issikii collected in East Asia, one of them dating back to 1830, i.e. 133 years before the description of the species. In contrast, only 22 herbarium specimens collected in the West Palearctic in the last three decades (1987–2015) carried leaf mines (Kirichenko et al 2022). DNA barcoding of archival specimens revealed 32 haplotypes out of which 23 were novel (not known from modern populations) and found exclusively in East Asia. Six haplotypes are shared between both native and invaded areas and only two were responsible for the recent invasion of the Western Palearctic. The remarkable number of newly discovered haplotypes in archival populations supports East Asia as the native region and the source area of invasion (Kirichenko et al 2022). Kirichenko, N. et al. (2017). From east to west across the Palearctic: phylogeography of the invasive lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and discovery of a putative new cryptic species in East Asia. PLoS ONE 12, e0171104. Kirichenko, N., Zakharov, E. and Lopez-Vaamonde, C. (2022). Tracing the invasion of a leaf-mining moth in the Palearctic through DNA barcoding of historical herbaria. Scientific Reports. 12: 5065 Lees, D. C. et al. (2011). Tracking origins of invasive herbivores using herbaria and archival DNA: the case of the horse-chestnut leaf miner. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 322–328
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236374v1
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[hal-03655944] Approche génomique de la biosurveillance des insectes forestiers
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïs Veillat) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655944v1
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[hal-03607654] R script to simulate the phenology of the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis. https://zenodo.org/record/3719273
https://zenodo.org/record/3719273 - R script to simulate the phenology of the box tree moth - the flight curve of the box tree moth in Orleans (France) in 2017 - temperature dataset - photoperiod dataset
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 14 Mar 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03607654v1
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[hal-03171376] A DNA barcode-based survey of wild urban bees in the Loire Valley, France
The current decline of wild bees puts important ecosystem services such as pollination at risk. Both inventory and monitoring programs are needed to understand the causes of wild bee decline. Effective insect monitoring relies on both mass-trapping methods coupled with rapid and accurate identifications. Identifying wild bees using only morphology can be challenging, in particular, specimens from mass-trapped samples which are often in poor condition. We generated DNA barcodes for 2931 specimens representing 157 species (156 named and one unnamed species) and 28 genera. Automated cluster delineation reveals 172 BINs (Barcodes Index Numbers). A total of 36 species (22.93%) were found in highly urbanized areas. The majority of specimens, representing 96.17% of the species barcoded form reciprocally exclusive groups, allowing their unambiguous identification. This includes several closely related species notoriously difficult to identify. A total of 137 species (87.26%) show a "one-to-one" match between a named species and the BIN assignment. Fourteen species (8.92%) show deep conspecific lineages with no apparent morphological differentiation. Only two species pairs shared the same BIN making their identification with DNA barcodes alone uncertain. Therefore, our DNA barcoding reference library allows reliable identification by non-experts for the vast majority of wild bee species in the Loire Valley.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Irene Villalta) 16 Mar 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03171376v1
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[hal-01423445] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 29 Dec 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01423445v1
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[hal-02627470] New species of leaf-mining Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) from Siberia feeding on Caragana (Fabaceae)
During a DNA barcoding campaign of leaf-mining Gracillariidae from the Asian part of Russia, a new species of Phyllonorycter Hubner, feeding on the Siberian pea shrub, Caragana arborescens Lam. (Fabaceae) was discovered in Siberia. Here, this taxon is described as Phyllonorycter ivani sp. n. Among Fabaceae-feeding Phyllonorycter, so far only P. caraganella (Ermolaev) has been known to develop on Caragana. Phyllonorycter ivani and P. caraganella show a large divergence in morphology (external and male genitalia) and barcode region of the mtDNA-COI gene (8.6%). They feed on different host plants species and have different ranges in Russia. We show that DNA barcode data weakly supports the Fabaceae-feeding species groups. In addition, we show that morphologically (strongly) and genetically (weakly), P. ivani has affinity to the haasi species group, a West Palearctic group with asymmetrical male genitalia.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627470v1
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[hal-03655935] Quantifying pollinator diversity along urbanization gradients in the Loire Valley
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Irene Villalta) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655935v1
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[hal-03655919] Evolution of the gall-inducing lifestyle in Caloptilia
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655919v1
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[hal-04236368] Characterization of arthropod communities by DNA metabarcoding of body remains sieved from wood mould of tree holes
There is an urgent need to develop fast and reliable methods to assess forest biodiversity. The diversity of tree-related microhabitats such as tree holes is an important measure of forest structural heterogeneity and level of conservation. Tree holes harbour diverse and specialized arthropod communities of conservation value. To survey invertebrates in tree holes the wood mould is extracted from the cavity, placed in berlesse funnels to collect any living organisms and the substrate is subsequently sieved to recover any body remains of arthropods. The identification of those body remains is challenging and often inaccurate. In the present study, we apply metabarcoding techniques on arthropod body remains sieved from wood mould excavated from tree holes to characterize arthropod communities. Our samples had low DNA concentrations and high contents of PCR inhibitors derived from cuticular pigments and traces of humic acid. We developed a protocol to bypass these methodological problems and successfully amplified and sequenced 130bp amplicons.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236368v1
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[hal-04236357] In search of unknown biodiversity – and their resources
EU has initiated the construction of a Red List for European macro moths, including species from the families clearwings (Sesiidae) and burnets (Zygaenidae). Most species in these two families are day active and particularly good indicators on habitat quality and -continuity. One advantage is that most species are specialized on hostplants found on high quality grasslands of various types. However, especially the clearwings are difficult to detect with classical entomological methods. Likewise, burnets may be difficult to discover in declining and fragmented habitats and sometimes also difficult to distinguish. Older distribution maps show that most these taxa were widespread in the pre-industrial landscape. When looking at recent distribution maps for these species, it becomes evident that both our present knowledge, as well as the actual occurrences unfortunately are considerably more restricted. In addition, within both families there are several complexes of sibling species which are hard to determine in the field by nonexperts. Here we review our knowledge on the pheromones used by both these families and highlight the needs for creating new attractants for several European clearwings and burnets. Monitoring of such key species would effectively facilitate the evaluation, protection, monitoring and upholding of valuable grasslands in Europe. We highlight the use of pheromones in citizen science programs such as the French project SESIF, as a cost-efficient way to increase the knowledge of the present situation of these important indicator species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nils Ryrholm) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236357v1
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[hal-03655920] Identify candidate genes involved in gall induction in micromoth using transcriptomics
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655920v1
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[hal-04186438] Bioc@pt : Capteurs automatiques de biodiversité en forêt
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 23 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04186438v1
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[hal-03655840] Using herbarium data to understand the invasion history of the lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Gracillariidae) in the Palearctic
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655840v1
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[hal-04236382] Biomonitoring insect diversity with high-throughput data
Alarming projections of biodiversity loss indicate that the planet has entered the sixth mass extinction. Only a small fraction of species on Earth have been formally described and assigned a (Linnean) scientific name in particular insects and many of those are likely to go extinct before we even know of their existence. The incompleteness of our current census of life, sometimes referred as the “Linnean shortfall”, is generally considered to be especially acute in the least studied and most diverse groups (e.g. invertebrates, microorganisms), and in the most remote areas, which often have the highest diversity (e.g. inter-tropical regions). The increasing incorporation of genetic tools (DNA barcoding) into the delineation of species further exacerbates this deficit, frequently revealing cryptic species that have been overlooked due to morphological similarity. Here I will present my latest results on how we can take advantage of recent developments in DNA(meta)barcoding to monitor insect diversity and understand the ecological impact of anthropogenic disturbances.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236382v1
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[hal-04758148] Exploring the diversity of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) in South Africa: host plants, distribution, and DNA barcoding analysis, with the description of nine new species
Despite relatively extensive historical exploration being carried out on Lepidopteran fauna of South Africa, leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae remain a source of discovery, with many new species awaiting description. In the present work, 32 gracillariid species from South Africa are treated. For each species, hostplant and distribution information is provided, supplemented by taxonomic and molecular analysis where necessary. Nine species are described here as new to science: Ectropina spirostachydis sp. nov., Leucocercops curatellifoliae sp. nov., Phodoryctis tephrosiella sp. nov., Telamoptilia cordati sp. nov., Phyllonorycter pseudogrewiella sp. nov., Cameraria melhaniella sp. nov., Phyllocnistis magalismontani sp. nov., P. allisonae sp. nov. and P. faureae sp. nov. Sixteen host plant species are reported for the first time for the family Gracillariidae: Searsia pyroides (Anacardiaceae), Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae), Combretum zeyheri, Terminalia sericea (Combretaceae), Euclea divinorum (Ebenaceae), Spirostachys africana (Euphorbiaceae), Peltophorum africanum, Tephrosia rhodesica, Schotia brachypetala (Fabaceae), Cryptocarya transvaalensis (Lauraceae), Melhania acuminata (Malvaceae), Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae), Ochna pretoriensis (Ochnaceae), Protea rubropilosa, Faurea saligna (Proteaceae), Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sapotaceae). Caloptilia mwamba De Prins, 2015 is recorded for the first time in South Africa.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paolo Triberti) 20 Dec 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04758148v1
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[hal-02743873] Capacités de dispersion du frelon asiatique en France et rôle de l’homme dans sa dispersion à longue distance
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02743873v1
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[hal-03149644] Evaluating DNA Barcoding for Species Identification and Discovery in European Gracillariid Moths
Gracillariidae is the most species-rich leaf-mining moth family with over 2,000 described species worldwide. In Europe, there are 263 valid named species recognized, many of which are difficult to identify using morphology only. Here we explore the use of DNA barcodes as a tool for identification and species discovery in European gracillariids. We present a barcode library including 6,791 COI sequences representing 242 of the 263 (92%) resident species. Our results indicate high congruence between morphology and barcodes with 91.3% (221/242) of European species forming monophyletic clades that can be identified accurately using barcodes alone. The remaining 8.7% represent cases of non-monophyly making their identification uncertain using barcodes. Species discrimination based on the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) was successful for 93% of species with 7% of species sharing BINs. We discovered as many as 21 undescribed candidate species, of which six were confirmed from an integrative approach; the other 15 require additional material and study to confirm preliminary evidence. Most of these new candidate species are found in mountainous regions of Mediterranean countries, the South-Eastern Alps and the Balkans, with nine candidate species found only on islands. In addition, 13 species were classified as deep conspecific lineages, comprising a total of 27 BINs with no intraspecific morphological differences found, and no known ecological differentiation. Double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) analysis showed strong mitonuclear discrepancy in four out of five species studied. This discordance is not explained by Wolbachia-mediated genetic sweeps. Finally, 26 species were classified as “unassessed species splits” containing 71 BINs and some involving geographical isolation or ecological specialization that will require further study to test whether they represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 23 Feb 2021
https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03149644v1
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[hal-02622503] Salicaceae-Feeding Leaf-Mining Insects in Siberia: Distribution, Trophic Specialization, and Pest Status
This paper provides an overview of the leaf-mining insect community feeding on willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) in Siberia. According to published data and our own observations, 50 leaf-mining insect species (i.e., 24 species of Lepidoptera, 15 Coleoptera, 6 Diptera, and 5 Hymenoptera) feed on those two plant genera in Siberia. Using an integrative approach combining field work, morphological and DNA barcoding analyses, we identified 32 leaf-mining insect species from 14 regions across Siberia (i.e. 64% of all leaf-mining species known on Salicaceae in this part of Russia). Among them, 26 species most often found in parks and botanical gardens, represented new faunistic records for several poorly explored regions of Siberia. We have more than doubled the list of Salicaceae-feeding leaf-mining insects in Tomsk oblast, Altai krai, and the Republic of Tuva, and for the first time provided data on leaf-miners for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The micromoth Phyllocnistis gracilistylella (Gracillariidae), recently described from Japan, was found on a new host plant (Salix caprea) in the south of Krasnoyarsk krai, is new for Russia. Eight leafmining insect species (i.e., five gracillariids: Phyllocnistis labyrinthella, Ph. unipunctella, Phyllonorycter apparella, Ph. sagitella, and Ph. populifoliella; two beetles: Zeugophora scutellaris and Isochnus sequensi; and one sawfly: Heterarthrus ochropoda) can outbreak on poplars, most often in urban plantations, botanical gardens, and plant nurseries in Siberia, and can also affect natural stands. Forty-five species of 50 leaf-mining insects known to feed on willow and poplar in Siberia also occur in Central and Eastern Europe. The remaining five species (Phyllocnistis gracilistylella, Phyllonorycter sibirica, Heterarthrus fasciatus, Tachyerges dauricus, and Isochnus arcticus) are recorded in Asia only. Species richness of the family Gracillariidae, the most diverse on Salicaceae in Siberia, displays 80% similarity to that in the European part of Russia and 71% to the Russian Far East. We discuss the faunal similarity of these regions and highlight the importance of applying an integrative approach combining ecological, morphological analyses, and DNA barcoding to explore and characterize the insect fauna of poorly studied regions of Asian part of Russia.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02622503v1
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[hal-03655915] Impact écologique du dépérissement forestier et des coupes sanitaires sur les communautés d’insectes dans les Pyrénées Françaises
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655915v1
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[hal-02608517] Consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity and landscape in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (National Reserve of Saint-Mesmin, Loire River, France)
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands, along the Loire river are characterized by a multiple channel pattern, where natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands and secondary channels. Within these islands, in september 2012, fluvial management operations (FMO) were launched. The vegetation of the central sandy-gravelly bar (3 ha area) was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. The FMO are equivalent to a natural important flood : a new bare mineral substrate has appeared and since spring 2013 followed the succession of geomorphic, pioneer and biogeomorphic phases in interactions between hydro-morphodynamics and Salicaceae vegetation.This sandy-gravelly bar is an ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A multi-disciplinary research programme ('BioMareau' project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on interactions and feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components and, since 2017, on landscape evolution and perception.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 16 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02608517v1
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[hal-05656151] A new species of seed-feeding Cuphodes Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from South Africa
We describe a new species of Cuphodes Meyrick, 1897 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from South Africa, C. spermotrophus sp. nov., reared from fruits of Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. (Rhamnaceae). This represents the first confirmed record of a seed-feeding Gracillariidae species from the African continent. The new species is distinguished from all known congeners by external morphology and male and female genitalia. Molecular data (COI barcode) confirm its distinctiveness and support its placement within Cuphodes. We provide diagnostic characters, illustrations of the adult and genitalia, and notes on its biology and host association. The discovery of this species expands the known feeding habits of Cuphodes, previously thought to include only leaf-mining species, and highlights the still largely unexplored trophic diversity of African Gracillariidae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paolo Triberti) 13 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05656151v1
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[hal-05624856] From Traps to Taxa: Building a Robust DNA Barcode Reference Library for the Early Detection of Invasive Cerambycidae
Accurate and rapid identification of insect species is essential for effective biosurveillance, especially with increasing global trade and the spread of invasive pests. DNA barcoding has become a powerful tool for specimen identification, but its reliability depends heavily on the completeness and accuracy of reference databases. Many existing databases remain fragmentary and contain poorly annotated or misidentified records. Here, we present a curated DNA barcode reference library of 4097 DNA barcodes representing 169 species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a group frequently intercepted in European biosurveillance programmes using multi‐pheromone traps. By prioritizing taxonomic validation and data quality, this library provides a robust resource for accurate specimen identification. Beyond biosurveillance, it also supports ecological research, as cerambycids are valuable bioindicators of forest health. Our results highlight the critical role of expert curation in ensuring the accuracy of barcode libraries used for both pest monitoring and biodiversity assessment.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïs Veillat) 18 May 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05624856v1
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[hal-05727425] An Integrative Approach to Measuring Species Diversity, Biotic Interactions, and High-Throughput Biomonitoring
Alarming projections of biodiversity loss suggest that we are facing the sixth mass extinction. Yet, only a small fraction of Earth's species have been formally described and named. To address this challenge, it is essential to accelerate species discovery, uncover biotic interactions, and enhance biomonitoring efforts. In this talk, I will present recent work on species discovery using an integrative approach that combines morphology, DNA barcoding, phylogenomics, ecology, and biogeography. I will also discuss how DNA barcoding can be used to elucidate interactions between leaf-mining insects and their parasitoids. Finally, I will demonstrate how DNA metabarcoding enables us to track changes in hyperdiverse insect communities in the Pyrenees and assess their responses to climate-induced forest decline.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 26 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05727425v1
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[hal-05726924] Investigating the ongoing Invasion of a Transposable Element in European lepidoptera genomes
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Noé Dogbo) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05726924v1
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[hal-05725804] Mondeguina atlanticella Corley & Rosete, 2020, espèce nouvelle pour la France (Gelechiidae, Apatetrinae)
Cet article retrace la découverte en France de Mondeguina atlanticella, espèce nouvelle pour notre territoire. Cette découverte souligne l’importance des codes-barres ADN dans l’étude des microlépidoptères de France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jacques Rogard) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725804v1
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[hal-03715796] Phylogenomics Illuminates the Evolutionary History of Wild Silkmoths in Space and Time (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are one of the most emblematic and most studied families of moths. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all described subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We investigated systematic biases in genomic data and performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of wild silkmoths in space and time. Using Gene Genealogy Interrogation, we showed that saturation of nucleotide sequence data blurred our understanding of early divergences and first biogeographic events. Our analyses support a Neotropical origin of saturniids, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event ( ca 64.0 [stem] - 52.0 [crown] Ma), and two independent colonization events of the Old World during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering Land Bridge. Early divergences strongly shaped the distribution of extant subfamilies as they showed very limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. Overall, our results provide a framework for in-depth investigations into the spatial and temporal dynamics of all saturniid lineages and for the integration of their evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the proper alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results leads us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification, including the description of one new subfamily and two new tribes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 14 Oct 2026
https://hal.science/hal-03715796v1
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[hal-05520816] An active ensemble classifier for detecting animal sequences from global camera trap data
Abstract Camera traps can generate huge amounts of images, and thus reliable methods for their automated processing are in high demand: in particular to find those images or image sequences that actually include animals. Automatically filtering out images that are empty or contain humans can be challenging, as images can be taken in different landscapes, habitats and light. Weather and seasonal conditions can vary greatly. Most of the images can be empty, because cameras using passive infrared sensors (PIR) trigger easily due to moving vegetation or rapidly varying shadows and sunny spots. Animals in images are often hiding behind vegetation, and camera traps will see them from previously unseen angles. Therefore, conventional animal image detection methods based on deep learning need huge training sets to achieve good accuracy. We present a novel background removal approach based on movement masked images computed using sequences of images. Our deep vision classifier uses these movement images for classification instead of the original images. Additionally, we apply a deep active learning (active learning for deep models) for collecting training samples to reduce the number of annotations required from the user. Our method performed well in singling out image sequences that actually include animals, thus filtering out the majority of images that were empty or contained humans. Most importantly, the method performed well also for backgrounds and animal species not seen in the training data. Active learning brought good separation between classes already with small training sets, without the need for laborious large‐scale pre‐annotation. We present a reliable and efficient method for filtering out empty image sequences and sequences containing humans. This greatly facilitates camera trapping research by enabling researchers to restrict the task of animal classification to only those image sequences that actually contain animals.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tommi Mononen) 20 Feb 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05520816v1
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[hal-03211695] DNA barcoding for bio-surveillance of emerging pests and species identification in Afrotropical Prioninae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
DNA barcoding has been succesfully used for bio-surveillance of forest and agricultural pests in temperate areas, but has few applications in the tropics and particulary in Africa. Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Prioninae species that is locally causing extensive damage in commercially-grown sugarcane in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Due to the risk of spread of this species to the rest of southern Africa and to other sugarcane growing regions, clear and easy identification of this pest is critical for monitoring and for phytosanitary services. The genus Cacosceles Newman, 1838 includes four species, most being very similar in morphology. The damaging stage of the species is the larva, which is inherently difficult to distinguish morphologically from other Cerambycidae species. A tool for rapid and reliable identification of this species was needed by plant protection and quarantine agencies to monitor its potential abundance and spread. Here, we provide newly-generated barcodes for C. newmannii that can be used to reliably identify any life stage, even by non-trained taxonomists. In addition, we compiled a curated DNA barcoding reference library for 70 specimens of 20 named species of Afrotropical Prioninae to evaluate DNA barcoding as a valid tool to identify them. We also assessed the level of deeply conspecific mitochondrial lineages. Sequences were assigned to 42 different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 28 of which were new to BOLD. Out of the 20 named species barcoded, 11 (52.4%) had their own unique Barcode Index Number (BIN). Eight species (38.1%) showed multiple BINs with no morphological differentiation. Amongst them, C. newmannii showed two highly divergent genetic clusters which co-occur sympatrically, but further investigation is required to test whether they could represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 29 Apr 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03211695v1
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[hal-04808746] How does microclimate affect canopy insect communities?
<div><p>How does microclimate affect canopy insects communities ? Material and methods Thermometers Hobo sensors 8 to 9 per tree 2 in the ground Study sites Vierzon and Orléans Forest type Oak stands</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaëlle Balvay) 28 Nov 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04808746v1
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[hal-03464437] A comparative genomic approach using mouse and fruit fly data to discover genes involved in testis function in hymenopterans with a focus on Nasonia vitripennis
Abstract Background Spermatogenesis appears to be a relatively well-conserved process even among distantly related animal taxa such as invertebrates and vertebrates. Although Hymenopterans share many characteristics with other organisms, their complex haplodiploid reproduction system is still relatively unknown. However, they serve as a complementary insect model to Drosophila for studying functional male fertility. In this study, we used a comparative method combining taxonomic, phenotypic data and gene expression to identify candidate genes that could play a significant role in spermatogenesis in hymenopterans. Results Of the 546 mouse genes predominantly or exclusively expressed in the mouse testes, 36% had at least one ortholog in the fruit fly. Of these genes, 68% had at least one ortholog in one of the six hymenopteran species we examined. Based on their gene expression profiles in fruit fly testes, 71 of these genes were hypothesized to play a marked role in testis function. Forty-three of these 71 genes had an ortholog in at least one of the six hymenopteran species examined, and their enriched GO terms were related to the G2/M transition or to cilium organization, assembly, or movement. Second, of the 379 genes putatively involved in male fertility in Drosophila, 224 had at least one ortholog in each of the six Hymenoptera species. Finally, we showed that 199 of these genes were expressed in early pupal testis in Nasonia vitripennis ; 86 exhibited a high level of expression, and 54 displayed modulated expression during meiosis. Conclusions In this study combining phylogenetic and experimental approaches, we highlighted genes that may have a major role in gametogenesis in hymenopterans; an essential prerequisite for further research on functional importance of these genes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charlotte Lécureuil) 06 Sep 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03464437v1
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[hal-03655984] Biosurveillance for invasive xylophagous beetles using a DNA metabarcoding approach
Invasive xylophagous beetles represent a threat to forests worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a biosurveillance system for early detection of invasive species. We have used multi-component blends for mass trapping both native and exotic longhorn beetles at several European ports of entry. With this biological material at our disposal, we are developing reference databases of Cerambycides in order to improve the number of species detectable in metabarcoding analyses. We are also working on the design of new primers to improve the detectability rate of these species. Finally, we are developing a non-destructive DNA extraction method for multiple insects at the same time allowing the conservation of all extracted samples.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïs Veillat) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655984v1
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[hal-05842203] Genetic erosion and projected habitat loss in the protected Alpine moth Actias isabellae galliaegloria (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Montane and specialist insects are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and climate change. The Spanish Moon Moth ( Actias isabellae ), a rare and protected species, hosts an isolated Alpine population (subspecies galliaegloria ), whose conservation status remains unclear. We combined Restriction‐site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) to assess its genetic diversity, population structure and environmental vulnerability. Genomic analyses revealed extremely low genetic diversity and inbreeding in the Alpine subspecies, consistent with a historical bottleneck, reducing adaptive potential. Species distribution models predict a major contraction of suitable habitat by 2050 due to rising temperatures and declines in its primary host, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ). These findings highlight the compounded risks posed by genetic impoverishment and habitat loss, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted conservation measures. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating genomic and ecological approaches to evaluate extinction risk and guide management strategies for montane specialist insects under rapid environmental change.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Flora Lambert‐auger) 28 Oct 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05842203v1
