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[hal-02848760] Le maïs
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02848760v1
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[hal-02699746] Perspectives d'utilisation de criteres biochimiques de la feuille dans la selection de mais defavorable a la ponte de pyrale
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Derridj) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02699746v1
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[hal-02732084] Etude comparee des caracteres biologiques respectifs de quelques especes de Noctuidae plurivoltines migrantes et sedentaires. 1. Expose des hypotheses de travail. Orientation des recherches entreprises
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (R. Cayrol) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02732084v1
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[hal-02715709] Selection pour la tolerance du mais a la pyrale (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02715709v1
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[hal-02704289] La noctuelle du maïs (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.), résiste-t'elle au gel ?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (N. Hassame) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02704289v1
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[hal-02782543] Selection pour la resistance et la tolerance a la pyrale du mais en France.
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02782543v1
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[hal-02781675] Assesment of the susceptibility of maize inbred lines to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) as part of the programme of IWGO, 1977-1980
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02781675v1
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[hal-02727708] Facteurs externes et diapause chez la pyrale du mais
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (L. Lavenseau) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02727708v1
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[hal-02780134] Résultats des épreuves de lignées du programme 1983-1984 en France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02780134v1
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[hal-02717760] Selection de lignees pour la resistance et la tolerance a la pyrale
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02717760v1
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[hal-02720397] Les varietes resistantes
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02720397v1
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[hal-02843276] Perspectives d'utilisation de criteres biochimiques de la feuille dans la selection de mais defavorable a la ponte de pyrale
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Derridj) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02843276v1
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[hal-02708722] La noctuelle du mais (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.), resiste-t-elle au gel ?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (N. Hassame) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02708722v1
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[hal-02711005] Physiology of larval diapause : a tool for insect pest management
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Peypelut) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02711005v1
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[hal-02781577] Assessment of ECB damage on an artificially infested susceptible hybrid
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02781577v1
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[hal-02712691] La noctuelle du mais (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.) resiste-t-elle au gel
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (N. Hassaine) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02712691v1
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[hal-02730137] Deroulement du programme d'etudes sur les migrations de Lepidopteres Noctuidae realise en montagne et principaux resultats acquis
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Poitout) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02730137v1
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[hal-02782264] Preference and non preference for oviposition of E.C.B. females among field plots of experimental hybrids
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02782264v1
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[hal-02780923] Comments upon the resistance and the tolerance to the E.C.B. of the lines tested in the IWGO projects 1985-86 and 1987-88
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02780923v1
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[hal-02778992] Evaluation de l'effet antinutritionnel des substances allelochimiques des plantes a l'aide d'un insecte du ble : Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptere Tenebrionidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pascale Pracros) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02778992v1
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[hal-02849835] Selection pour la tolerance du mais a la pyrale (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02849835v1
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[hal-02779978] Group analysis of the data obtained from inbred lines tests by some participating countries to the IWGO Project 1983-1984
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02779978v1
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[hal-02783823] Program and results of the screening of maize inbred lines for the resistance to the European corn borer done by the IWGO in 1981-1982
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02783823v1
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[hal-02783771] Comparaison de varietes de mais pour la tolerance a la pyrale
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02783771v1
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[hal-02781677] Correlation between the precocity of the inbred lines of maize and the general damage ratings
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02781677v1
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[hal-02780141] Variabilite intraspecifique de la pyrale du mais Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn (Lep. Pyralidae) pour sa pheromone sexuelle
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Stöckel) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02780141v1
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[hal-01578869] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire Ditylenchus dipsaci sur luzerne
Il est demandé à l’Anses de réaliser une ARP sur le nématode des tiges et bulbes (D.dipsaci) sur luzerne (M. sativa).L’ARP consiste à évaluer, selon des normes internationales1, 2 , les preuves biologiques etautres données scientifiques ou économiques pour déterminer si un organisme nuisibledoit être réglementé (ou déréglementé) et la nature des mesures phytosanitaireséventuelles à prendre à son égard. L’ARP s’attache à évaluer l'importance potentielle d'unorganisme nuisible particulier pour une zone clairement définie. Elle peut être initiée pourune ou plusieurs raisons, les plus fréquentes étant : l’identification d'une filière,l’identification d’un organisme nuisible, l’examen ou la révision d'une politique.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Castagnone-Sereno) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578869v1
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[hal-01578870] Méthodes de lutte alternatives à l'épandage aérien de produits phytosanitaires contre les processionnaires du pin et du chêne en conditions urbaines
Contexte : Les chenilles processionnaires sont des insectes défoliateurs que l’on rencontre dans les populations de pins et de chênes et sont les formes larvaires de deux types de lépidoptères : Thaumetopoea pityocampa pour la processionnaire du pin et Thaumetopoea processionea pour la processionnaire du chêne. Leurs pullulations périodiques sont connues dans différentes régions, essentiellement le pourtour méditerranéen et la façade atlantique jusqu’au Pyrénées-Orientales pour la processionnaire du pin, et les régions d’Alsace, de Bourgogne, d’Ile-de-France, du Centre, de Poitou-Charentes et de Midi-Pyrénées pour la processionnaire du chêne. Les chenilles processionnaires de pin et du chêne sont responsables d’une dermite (appelée érucisme) en lien avec les poils urticants et allergisants qui recouvrent leur corps. A l’automne 2011, les professionnels de la forêt privée ont déposé auprès de l’Agence régionale de la santé (ARS) d’Aquitaine des dossiers de demande de traitements par voie aérienne des chenilles processionnaire du pin pour des motifs de protection de la santé publique. Ces demandes concernaient essentiellement des zones urbanisées. L’arrêté du 31 mai 2011 relatif aux conditions d’épandage des produits mentionnés à l’article L. 253-1 de code rural de la pêche maritime par voie aérienne prévoit cependant le respect d’une distance minimale de sécurité de 50 mètres vis-à-vis des habitations et jardins. Les traitements, qui doivent être mis en oeuvre à l’automne, n’ont donc pas été effectués en Aquitaine par voie aérienne en 2011. Dans ces conditions se pose la question des solutions alternatives qui seraient à mettre en oeuvre à l’avenir pour lutter contre les chenilles processionnaires du pin et du chêne dans les zones urbanisées, tant en Aquitaine que dans les autres régions concernées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Robert Delorme) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578870v1
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[hal-01577510] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour les Lethal yellowing type syndromes (LYTS)
La Direction Générale de l’Alimentation du ministère en charge de l’agriculture a saisi l’Anses en vue de la réalisation d’une évaluation du risque simplifiée (ERS) des LYTS. Ce travail a pour but notamment d’évaluer le risque d’introduction et l’impact économique des LYTS dans la zone ARP. La zone ARP à considérer comprend la Martinique, la Guadeloupe, la Guyane, la Réunion et Mayotte.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Michel Dollet) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577510v1
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[hal-01577495] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour Xyllela fastidiosa
En vue de possible échanges sur la présente thématique à un prochain Comité Permanent Phytosanitaire (CPP) à Bruxelles, il est demandé à l’Anses de réaliser une Evaluation du Risque Simplifiée (ERS) pour le 29/06/2012. Cette ERS devra faire notamment un bilan de la situation de Xylella fastidiosa dans le monde, détailler la biologie de la bactérie, son cycle de développement, les conditions météo et exigences climatiques nécessaires à son développement ou l’observation des symptômes, ses plantes hôtes, les moyens de contamination possibles, ainsi que les moyens de contamination possibles, ainsi que les moyens de lutte disponibles.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charles Manceau) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577495v1
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[hal-01228847] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire [i]Plasmopara halstedii[/i] agent responsable de la maladie du mildiou du tournesol
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Frederic Suffert) 13 Nov 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01228847v1
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[hal-05119119] Modélisation des capacités d'invasion et d'expansion de bioagresseurs forestiers
<div><p>La modélisation est un outil qui peut permettre, d'une part, de tester des hypothèses que l'on ne pourrait pas tester facilement sur le terrain dans le but de mieux comprendre le mécanisme en jeu, et, d'autre part, de faire des simulations et des prédictions. Dans le cadre des invasions biologiques, différents types de modèles ont été développés. Ils s'intéressent aux différentes étapes d'une invasion : l'arrivée d'une espèce invasive, son établissement et son expansion. Dans ce chapitre, nous présentons un modèle décrivant la probabilité d'entrée d'un bioagresseur forestier avec l'importation de bois, des modèles de distribution qui permettent d'identifier les territoires dans lesquels il pourrait s'établir, des modèles de dispersion, et des modèles d'expansion qui décrivent à la fois les capacités de dispersion, d'établissement et de croissance des populations. Enfin, nous terminons sur une approche plus prospective. En dehors de l'étape d'entrée, les autres types de modèles peuvent être appliqués aussi bien à des espèces exotiques envahissantes qu'à des espèces natives en expansion.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119119v1
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[hal-05117145] Comment quantifier et expliquer les aires de distribution et leur expansions ?
Pour caractériser le déplacement des aires de distribution (invasions/expansions), il est nécessaire de cartographier leur aire de distribution à différentes années. Le phénomène d'expansion, commun aux espèces exotiques envahissantes et aux espèces natives en expansion, est le résultat de deux processus principaux : la dispersion et l'établissement. La probabilité d'établissement dépend notamment des conditions météorologiques dans le territoire où les individus sont nouvellement arrivés. C'est pour cette raison que, dans ce chapitre, nous abordons : les méthodes de cartographie des insectes forestiers ravageurs, les méthodes pour mesurer leurs capacités de dispersion, et les différentes sources possibles des variables météorologiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05117145v1
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[hal-05117257] Approches en développement : prospectives sur la détection précoce
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05117257v1
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[hal-01190259] Host tracking or cryptic adaptation? Phylogeography of Pediobius saulius (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the highly invasive horse-chestnut leafminer
Classical biological control is often advocated as a tool for managing invasive species. However, accurate evaluations of parasitoid species complexes and assessment of host specificity are impeded by the lack of morphological variation. Here, we study the possibility of host races/species within the eulophid wasp Pediobius saulius, a pupal generalist parasitoid that parasitize the highly invasive horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth Cameraria ohridella. We analysed the population genetic structure, host associations and phylogeographic patterns of P. saulius in Europe using the COI mitochondrial gene. This marker strongly supports a division into at least five highly differentiated parasitoid complexes, within two of which clades with differing degrees of host specialization were found: a Balkan clade that mainly (but not only) attacks C. ohridella and a more generalist European group that attacks many hosts, including C. ohridella. The divergence in COI (up to 7.6%) suggests the existence of cryptic species, although this is neither confirmed by nuclear divergence nor morphology. We do not find evidence of host tracking. The higher parasitism rates observed in the Balkans and the scarcity of the Balkan–Cameraria haplotypes out of the Balkans open the possibility of using these Balkan haplotypes as biological control agents of C. ohridella elsewhere in Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antonio Hernandez Lopez) 01 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01190259v1
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[hal-02740183] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740183v1
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[hal-02754121] Identication and mapping of Chrysomela tremulae resistance QTL in poplar
Chrysomela tremulae is one of the most threatening leaf-feeding beetles in young poplar plantations and nurseries in France. Adults and larvae feed on young poplar leaves and destroy the new growth. They cause reductions in biomass or the death of young nursery plants and decrease the biomass production of short rotation coppices. Previous studies have revealed significant differences in responses among poplar species and hybrids, and knowledge on the host plant resistance and its genetic variation is a first step to achieve selection for durable resistance. To determine the genetic basis of resistance to C. tremulae, an interspecific Fl family P. deltoides x P trichocarpa of 330 individuals was used. The P. deltoides parent was resistant and the male parent P. trichocarpa suceptible. The evaluation of resistance was carried both in laboratory and field conditions on respectively 330 and 184 genotypes. The preferences of C. tremulae were determined (1) in the laboratory by evaluation of adults feeding through multiple choice tests on leaf disk (2) in the field, by visual notations of damage in a randomised plantation. It allowed to classify the progenies according to their level of sensivity. The distributions of clonal means observed fit with a polygenic control for the traits. Resistance to C. tremulae showed a higher broad sense heritability in the laboratory tests than in the field evaluation. The genetic maps of the 2 parents : the female parent P. deltoides and the male parent P. trichocarpa realized, using RAPD, RFLP, AFLP and SSR markers were used to understand the genomic structure of resistance. Based on 'interval mapping' we have identified for laboratory test 3 QTL, explaining between 6.7% and 14.5% of clonal differences on P. deltoides and P. trichocarpa linkage groups.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Augustin) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02754121v1
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[hal-01423445] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 29 Dec 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01423445v1
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[hal-04171539] Worldwide tests of generic attractants, a promising tool for early detection of non-native cerambycid species
A large proportion of the insects which have invaded new regions and countries are emerging species, being found for the first time outside their native range. Being able to detect such species upon arrival at ports of entry before they establish in non-native countries is an urgent challenge. The deployment of traps baited with broad-spectrum semiochemical lures at ports-of-entry and other high-risk sites could be one such early detection tool. Rapid progress in the identification of semiochemicals for cerambycid beetles during the last 15 years has revealed that aggregation-sex pheromones and sex pheromones are often conserved at global levels for genera, tribes or subfamilies of the Cerambycidae. This possibly allows the development of generic attractants which attract multiple species simultaneously, especially when such pheromones are combined into blends. Here, we present the results of a worldwide field trial programme conducted during 2018–2021, using traps baited with a standardised 8-pheromone blend, usually complemented with plant volatiles. A total of 1308 traps were deployed at 302 sites covering simultaneously or sequentially 13 European countries, 10 Chinese provinces and some regions of the USA, Canada, Australia, Russia (Siberia) and the Caribbean (Martinique). We intended to test the following hypotheses: 1) if a species is regularly trapped in significant numbers by the blend on a continent, it increases the probability that it can be detected when it arrives in other countries/continents and 2) if the blend exerts an effective, generic attraction to multiple species, it is likely that previously unknown and unexpected species can be captured due to the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures within related taxa. A total of 78,321 longhorned beetles were trapped, representing 376 species from eight subfamilies, with 84 species captured in numbers greater than 50 individuals. Captures comprised 60 tribes, with 10 tribes including more than nine species trapped on different continents. Some invasive species were captured in both the native and invaded continents. This demonstrates the potential of multipheromone lures as effective tools for the detection of ‘unexpected’ cerambycid invaders, accidentally translocated outside their native ranges. Adding new pheromones with analogous well-conserved motifs is discussed, as well as the limitations of using such blends, especially for some cerambycid taxa which may be more attracted by the trap colour or other characteristics rather than to the chemical blend.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 27 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171539v1
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[hal-04312064] Fewer non‐native insects in freshwater than in terrestrial habitats across continents
Abstract Aim Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Insects represent an important group of species in freshwater and terrestrial habitats, and they constitute a large proportion of non‐native species. However, while many non‐native insects are known from terrestrial ecosystems, they appear to be less represented in freshwater habitats. Comparisons between freshwater and terrestrial habitats of invader richness relative to native species richness are scarce, which hinders syntheses of invasion processes. Here, we used data from three regions on different continents to determine whether non‐native insects are indeed under‐represented in freshwater compared with terrestrial assemblages. Location Europe, North America, New Zealand. Methods We compiled a comprehensive inventory of native and non‐native insect species established in freshwater and terrestrial habitats of the three study regions. We then contrasted the richness of non‐native and native species among freshwater and terrestrial insects for all insect orders in each region. Using binomial regression, we analysed the proportions of non‐native species in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Marine insect species were excluded from our analysis, and insects in low‐salinity brackish water were considered as freshwater insects. Results In most insect orders living in freshwater, non‐native species were under‐represented, while they were over‐represented in a number of terrestrial orders. This pattern occurred in purely aquatic orders and in orders with both freshwater and terrestrial species. Overall, the proportion of non‐native species was significantly lower in freshwater than in terrestrial species. Main conclusions Despite the numerical and ecological importance of insects among all non‐native species, non‐native insect species are surprisingly rare in freshwater habitats. This is consistent across the three investigated regions. We review hypotheses concerning species traits and invasion pathways that are most likely to explain these patterns. Our findings contribute to a growing appreciation of drivers and impacts of biological invasions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Agnieszka Sendek) 04 Jun 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312064v1
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[hal-03441511] Invasion disharmony in the global biogeography of native and non‐native beetle species
Aim The concept of "island disharmony" has been widely applied to describe the systematic over- and under-representation of taxa on islands compared to mainland regions. Here, we explore an extension of that concept to biological invasions. We compare biogeographical patterns in native and non-native beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages from around the world to test whether beetle invasions represent a random sample of species or whether some families are more prone to invade than others. Location Global. Methods Numbers of non-native beetle species established in ten regions worldwide were compared with the land area of each region. The distribution of species among families was compared with the distribution among families for all species native to the same region and with the distribution among families for the global pool of all known beetle species. Ordination analysis was used to characterize differences among native and non-native assemblages based upon the distribution of species among families. Results We report a total of 1,967 non-native beetle species across all ten regions, and a classic log-log relationship between numbers of species per region and land area though relationships are generally stronger for native assemblages. Some families (e.g., Dermestidae and Bostrichidae) are over-represented and others (e.g., Carabidae, Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae) are under-represented in non-native assemblages. The distribution of species among families is generally similar among native assemblages with greatest similarities among nearby regions. In contrast, non-native species assemblages are more similar to each other than to native species assemblages. Main conclusions Certain families are over-represented, and others are under-represented in non-native beetle assemblages compared to native assemblages, indicating "invasion disharmony" in the global representation of beetle families. Similarities in composition among non-native assemblages may reflect unobserved associations with invasion pathways and life-history traits that shape invasion success of different insect groups.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrew M Liebhold) 22 Nov 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03441511v1
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[hal-03045949] Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees
Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gaëtane Le Provost) 17 Oct 2023
https://hal.science/hal-03045949v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-05117222] Surveillance des espèces exotiques envahissantes et contrôle aux frontières
Le transport de végétaux ou de produits végétaux dans le monde représente d’énormes quantités de marchandises capables de traverser de grandes distances en des temps record. Mais ce commerce international offre aussi de nombreuses possi-bilités aux « plus petits » pour voyager et s’introduire incognito sur de nouveaux territoires. Insectes, champignons, phytophthoras, etc., transitent sur les végétaux, le bois, les écorces ou même dans le sol. Si la zone d’accueil leur convient, ils peuvent engendrer de gros dommages sur les végétaux qui n’ont jamais eu la possibilité de mettre en place des systèmes de défense adaptés. Il est donc important de protéger les végétaux, les arbres, les forêts, face au risque d’introductions de bioagresseurs exotiques, et de minimiser au mieux cette menace.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Morgane Goudet) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05117222v1
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[hal-02643124] Development and characterization of 13 new microsatellite markers in the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)
We describe the development of 13 microsatellite markers in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. In a single Portuguese population tested, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12, and observed heterozygosity from 0.07 to 0.83. Cross amplifications gave satisfactory results for most loci in the T. pityocampa/T. wilkinsoni complex but proved to be of low interest for other species. These markers will be valuable to investigate the population genetic structure of this forest pest, particularly for the expanding populations at the northern limits of its range, and for a new phenological race discovered in Portugal.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christian Burban) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02643124v1
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[hal-01583805] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 07 Sep 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01583805v1
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[anses-04415035] Analyse des risques sanitaires liés à l’exposition aux chenilles émettrices de poils urticants et élaboration de recommandations de gestion
Les chenilles de Lépidoptères tels que les processionnaires du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis et Schiffermüller 1775) et du chêne (Thaumetopoea processionea L. 1758), le bombyx cul-brun (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. 1758) et la Lithosie quadrille (Lithosia quadra L. 1758), produisent des poils urticants qui, par contact direct cutané ou par inhalation, peuvent entraîner des réactions urticariennes ou allergiques chez l’espèce humaine avec un impact sanitaire significatif en cas de pullulation. Ces espèces peuvent, de plus, avoir des impacts sur certains végétaux (chêne, pin, etc.) et animaux (chien, chat, animaux d’élevage, etc.).Plusieurs espèces de ces Lépidoptères semblent accroître d’année en année leur airede répartition sur le territoire national, telle que la processionnaire du pin dont la présence était limitée historiquement au sud de la Loire et qui remonte graduellement vers le nord et en altitude à la faveur du dérèglement climatique. Le dérèglement climatique pourrait également avoir un impact sur l’évolution de l’aire de répartition et la phénologie des autres espèces de Lépidoptères à chenilles urticantes. Les chenilles émettrices de poils urticants constituent ainsi un enjeu de santé globale (en France hexagonale et ultramarine) dans les zones où elles sont déjà présentes ou dans des zones indemnes qu’elles pourraient coloniser dans un avenir proche.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Desneux) 24 Jan 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04415035v1
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[hal-02613924] DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar
Madagascar is a prime evolutionary hotspot globally, but its unique biodiversity is under threat, essentially from anthropogenic disturbance. There is a race against time to describe and protect the Madagascan endangered biota. Here we present a first molecular characterization of the micromoth fauna of Madagascar. We collected 1572 micromoths mainly using light traps in both natural and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in 24 localities across eastern and northwest Madagascar. We also collected 1384 specimens using a Malaise trap in a primary rain forest at Andasibe, eastern Madagascar. In total, we DNA barcoded 2956 specimens belonging to 1537 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 88.4% of which are new to BOLD. Only 1.7% of new BINs were assigned to species. Of 47 different families found, Dryadaulidae, Bucculatricidae, Bedelliidae, Batrachedridae, and Blastobasidae are newly reported for Madagascar and the recently recognized Tonzidae is confirmed. For test faunas of Canada and Australia, 98.9%-99.4% of Macroheterocera BINs exhibited the molecular synapomorphy of a phenylalanine in the 177th complete DNA barcode codon. Non-macroheteroceran BINs could thus be sifted out efficiently in the Malaise sample. The Madagascar micromoth fauna shows highest affinity with the Afrotropics (146 BINs also occur in the African continent). We found 22 recognised pests or invasive species, mostly occurring in disturbed habitats. Malaise trap samples show high temporal turnover and alpha diversity with as many as 507 BINs collected; of these, astonishingly, 499 (98.4%) were novel to BOLD and 292 (57.6%) were singletons. Our results provide a baseline for future surveys across the island.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 20 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02613924v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
