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[hal-02826155] Inventory of biodiversity in poplar stands in the Picardie Region
Biodiversity inventories were carried out in the Picardie region (in the north of France) on poplar plantations of various ages and situations. These inventories referred to three biological components: (i) ground-beetles, (ii) birds, (iii) vegetation. For the ground-beetle study, sorne of the poplar stands could be compared with other border environments: cereal fields or broadleaved forests. The results showed that the specific richness ofthe poplar stands in the Picardie region varied according to sites but were overall high for the three components. The ground-beetle specific richness was very variable according to the studied sites, the highest being found on alluvial sites. The populations of ground-beetles seem to be structured according to soil moisture, vegetation coyer and, to a lesser extent, soil pH. Differences were rare1y significant. The comparisons carried out in 2003 with border environments indicated that specific richness in poplar stands is higher than in broadleaved forest and equivalent to that in cereal fields. The Shannon index and Equitability index (species distribution) were higher for poplar plantations and broadleaved forest. Ground-beetle populations in cereal fields were very unbalanced. The poplar stands seem able to accommodate species of open environments and forest species in balanced proportions. For bird communities, poplar stands located on alluvial sites had higher specific richness and diversity than those located on the plateaux. Specific richness and diversity decreased with the age and canopy c1osure. The avifauna was primarily made up of ubiquitous species of c10sed forest environments. Species of open forest environments are more frequent in young poplar plantations without understorey. It seems there is no specific avifauna for poplar stands, except for Oriolus oriolus, which was very frequently observed. Plant communities, in spite of the homogeneity of overstorey, were well diversified. The variety of sites, soils and previous vegetation could explain this diversity. This high specific richness could be due to suitable conditions (water and nutrient availability) of alluvial soils on which poplars are cultivated. The plant communities were structured by number and type of tendings (disks or mowing). The resulting disruptions tend to support the specific diversity, but, on the other hand, reduce the "phytosociological coherence" of the communities. The increase in available resources (light, water, nitrogen) benefited the cultivated poplars, but also sometimes the heliophilous social species (for example Rubus spp on plateaux) that compete strongly with other species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Berthelot) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02826155v1
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[hal-01268456] Inventaire des arbres-hôtes de la processionnaire du pin à l'interface ville-forêt-champs
AN INVENTORY OF HOST TREE SPECIES OF THE PINE PROCESSIONARY MOTH AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN URBAN, FOREST AND ARABLE AREAS An inventory of host tree species of the pine processionnary moth was carried out in an urban area embedded within both forest andarable areas in order to assess the impact of trees outside forest (TOF) upon landscape connectivity for this forest insect.In comparison with the neighbouring forests, the number of pines, cedars and douglas firs found in thestudy site was low but tree density was high enough to generate a high level of connectivity of the potential host tree species of the moth. Moreover, the most attacked trees are the most planted ones. The highest proportion of trees in this inventory was found in private gardens. Public policies aiming to manage this pest species by modifying ornamental planting practices need to take in account the private part of the urban tree patrimony.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01268456v1
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[hal-02689937] A survey of insects attacking seed cones of Pinus cembra in the Alps, the Pyrenees and Massif Central
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laurent Dormont) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02689937v1
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[hal-02796574] Modelling the spread of invasive species to support pest risk assessment: principles and application of a suite of generic models
The estimation of rates and patterns of spread is one of the key steps in a pest risk assessment. Pest risk analysts across the world wish to make quantitative, scientifically defensible assessments of likely spread by invasive alien species. However, data and time to develop detailed models for pest invasions are usually lacking and the resources to test those models in practice are not available. Therefore, generic and simple models are needed. A generic spread module composed of four models has been developed to assess the spread of plant pests. Four different models were developed to represent differences in objectives, available data and assumptions underlying the assessment of spread. The most complex of the models simulates spread in time and space and has four biological parameters, representing population growth and dispersal. The simplest of the models has only one parameter and considers only geographic range expansion. A third model assumes logistic growth of invaded area and a fourth model assumes logistic growth of population density in invaded cells. All models consider climatic suitability and presence of hosts. Consideration of economic value is optional. This chapter describes concepts and application of these models. They are illustrated by case studies for western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, in Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02796574v1
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[hal-01000935] Rating and mapping the suitability of the climate for pest risk analysis
The assessment of the suitability of the climate for pest establishment is an important part of pest risk analysis (PRA). This paper describes the work undertaken by the EU 7th Framework project PRATIQUE (Enhancements of Pest Risk Analysis Techniques) to develop guidance for this component of PRA. Firstly, there is a guide to rating the suitability of the climate in the PRA area using qualitative methods. Secondly, a Decision-support scheme (DSS) has been created to assist analysts in deciding whether to map climatic suitability, and to guide the selection of the most appropriate method from the large number available. The process of selecting a climatic mapping method is based on a review of the pest's climatic responses and distribution. A spreadsheet provides a comparison of the potential problems that can arise, depending on the mapping method and on the amount and quality of available data. Diagrams are provided to help choose the location data category that best represents the possible biases in the known distribution of the pest. A second spreadsheet provides general information on the differences and similarities of each method in terms of categories such as functionality, ease of use and quality assurance. A variety of data, tools and supporting documents are available as appendices to the DSS. All of the tools and guides are freely available online.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominic D. Eyre) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000935v1
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[hal-02774833] Etat et perspectives des recherches sur l'echantillonnage des populations de coleopteres Scolytidae infeodes au pin sylvestre en France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Bouhot) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02774833v1
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[hal-02663357] Micropterix of Cyprus and the Middle East (Micropterigidae)
All known species of the genus Micropterix Hübner, 1825 (Micropterigidae) from Cyprus (Micropterix cypriensis Heath, 1985) and the Middle East (Israel, Lebanon: Micropterix berytella de Joannis, 1886, Micropterix elegans Stainton, 1867 and Micropterix islamella Amsel, 1935) are treated. The male genitalia of Micropterix islamella Amsel, 1935 are illustrated for the fi rst time. The association of two Micropterix species with Cyclamen persicum Mill. (Myrsinaceae) is detailed. Adults and male genitalia of all species are illustrated, showing the habitus of all species in their natural environment.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christof Zeller-Lukashort) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02663357v1
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[hal-02652516] Improving the efficiency of Lepidopteran pest detection and surveillance: constraints and opportunities for multiple-species trapping
Surveillance using attractants for invasive species can allow early detection of new incursions and provide decision support to response programs. Simultaneous trapping for multiple species, by baiting traps with several lures, is expected to increase the number of species that can be targeted in surveillance programs and improve the cost-effectiveness without affecting surveillance coverage. We tested this hypothesis by choosing four potential forest and urban lepidopteran pest species that are present in Europe but not yet in New Zealand and many other countries. We deployed traps in central and southern Europe with single lures or all possible species combinations (up to four lures per trap). There was only limited interference, apparently due to trap saturation, but no evidence for interspecific repellency among lures for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, and pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana. To assess what factors may be important in species compatibility/suitability for multiple-species trapping, we combined our results with those of previous studies conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture. For 75 combinations of pheromones, tested singly or in combination, 19 % showed no effect on trap catch for any of the species tested. In the other cases, either one or both species showed a reduction in trap catch. However, few lure combinations caused complete or nearly complete suppression. For most combinations, catches were still sufficiently high for detection purposes. Species from the same superfamily exhibited more interference than more distantly related species. Together, these results suggest that there are opportunities to improve the range of exotic pests under surveillance, at little additional cost, by multiple-species trapping for which compatibility has been demonstrated.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Eckehard G. Brockerhoff) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652516v1
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[hal-02634044] Detection of the Acetylcholinesterase Insecticide Resistance Mutation (G328A) in Natural Populations of Ceratitis capitata
Wild Mediterranean fruit fly specimens collected from various regions worldwide were screened for the glycine to alanine (Gly->Ala) point mutation (G328A) in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, presumably causing resistance to organophosphates. We found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) responsible for this amino acid change is located at the beginning of exon 6 of the Ccace2 gene. The identification of the exact location of the SNP permitted PCR primer design around this site and direct sequencing of the corresponding genomic region. We detected the resistance allele in natural Mediterranean fruit fly populations from Brazil and Spain, but not from other sites in four continents. The known treatment history of sites suggests that the resistance buildup is linked to organophosphate application in the field. The PCR-based detection provides a screening method useful for monitoring Mediterranean fruit fly insecticide resistance in local populations and improving pest management strategies accordingly.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Samia Elfekih) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02634044v1
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[hal-02715858] Quantitative variations of taxifolin and its glucoside in Pinus sylvestris needles consumed by Diprion pini larvae
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M.A. Auger) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02715858v1
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[hal-02687622] La confusion sexuelle contre l'Eudémis lobesia botrana. Bilan de huit années d'expérimentation en Bordelais
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Stöckel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02687622v1
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[hal-02696945] La confusion sexuelle contre l'Eudémis. Vers un équilibre biologique de l'Acarofaune du vignoble
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lionel Delbac) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02696945v1
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[halsde-00293181] Linking patterns and processes of species diversification in the cone flies Strobilomyia (Diptera : Anthomylidae)
Phytophagous insects provide useful models for the study of ecological speciation. Much attention has been paid to host shifts, whereas situations where closely related lineages of insects use the same plant during different time periods have been relatively neglected in previous studies of insect diversification. Flies of the genus Strobilomyia are major pests of conifers in Eurasia and North America. They are specialized feeders in cones and seeds of Abies (fir), Larix (larch) and Picea (spruce). This close association is accompanied by a large number of sympatric Strobilomyia species coexisting within each tree genus. We constructed a molecular phylogeny with a 1320 base-pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA that demonstrated contrasting patterns of speciation in larch cone flies, as opposed to spruce and fir cone flies; this despite their comparable geographic distributions and similar resource quality of the host. Species diversity is the highest on larch, and speciation is primarily driven by within-host phenological shifts, followed by allopatric speciation during geographical expansion. By contrast, fewer species exploit spruce and fir, and within-host phenological shifts did not occur. This study illustrates within-host adaptive radiation through phenological shifts, a neglected mode of sympatric speciation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. M. Sachet) 03 Jul 2008
https://hal.science/halsde-00293181v1
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[hal-02824704] The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella: evolution of host plant use
The horse chestnut leafminer cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) is an invasive species of unknown origin first observed and identified in Macedonia in 1984 (Deschka & Dimic 19g6). The species has subsequently invaded much of central and westem Europe over the last 20 years at an approximate rate of 60 km year This species almost exclusively develops on leaves of white-flowered horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum L., and can cause extensive dam- age' resulting in premature defoliation of trees in the summer- some infestations have also been recorded on maples : Acer pla- tanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus , but these appear to be opportunistic intestations adjacent to heavily infested horse chest- nut trees' However, considering the pressure on the moth to find new host plants after having defoliated host chestnut trees, it is suspected that damage on Acer sp. will increase. As a conseguence, we have studied the possible impact of this pest on maples' across Europe' we have canied out surveys in the Balkans, SwiEerland and France to record c. ohridella infestations on A- pseudoplatanus, and to study the parasitoid complex on both maple and hors chestnut tree. Molecular analyses are being canied orÎ to study the possible presence of host races.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Augustin) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02824704v1
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[hal-02677455] Monitoring the regional spread of the invasive leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) by damage assessment and pheromone trapping
The leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic is an invasive pest of horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum L., trees that has spread rapidly across Europe over the past 19 yr. It was recently reported in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and the Ukraine, and this spread is expected to continue through the Scandinavian countries until the northern limit of the host tree distribution is reached. The presence of the species is generally reported first in the cities, either as consequence of human-related transportation or because of the higher number of host trees in these areas. As a consequence, detailed studies of the spread of this pest through rural areas have not yet been carried out. We have monitored the spread of the moth at the fringe of its known distribution in eastern France during the period 2001-2003. The population was estimated by observing the damage caused by the pest and by establishing a network of pheromone traps. Pheromone traps were set up to measure two generations in 2001 and 2002, whereas the spatial pattern of the spread of the species measured by damage assessment was followed for each generation between 2001 and 2003 (nine generations). Spatial and temporal patterns in the population estimates made using these two methods were compared. We found that estimates made from damage assessment correlated with log-transformed estimates from pheromone trap catches, suggesting that both techniques can be used to monitor the spread of this pest. Over the period 2001-2003, the spread rate ranged from 17.0 to 37.9 km/yr, depending on the population threshold and method used.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Augustin) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677455v1
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[hal-02749712] Cameraria ohridella : un nouveau ravageur du marronnier
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Olivier Denux) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02749712v1
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[hal-02756146] Assessing the ecological impact of alien leafminers through apparent competition. The example of Cameraria ohridella
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Péré) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02756146v1
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[hal-02664018] Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis on its main hosts Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster
Considering the key role of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the dispersion of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), in Europe, defining the host spectrum and preference of M. galloprovincialis is of primary importance for forest management. Therefore, comparative studies under laboratory conditions were performed in order to define the feeding and oviposition preferences of M. galloprovincialis adults as well as the larval development on Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster. Both nutrition and oviposition were significantly higher on P. sylvestris. However, no difference was found when comparing larval survival on the two Pinus species even though larvae attended the fourth instar earlier when reared on P. sylvestris than on P. pinaster. The results of this study reinforce the suspicions of a future rapid propagation of the nematode, by M. galloprovincialis, into the Pine forests all over Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Fotini A. Koutroumpa) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02664018v1
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[hal-02823691] Calendrier indicatif des méthodes de lutte contre la processionnaire du pin en Région Ile-de-France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02823691v1
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[hal-02666220] How can alien species inventories and interception data help us prevent insect invasions ?
Information relevant to invasion processes and invasive alien insect species management in Central Europe was extracted from two databases: a compilation of two inventories of alien insects in Austria and Switzerland, and a list of interceptions of non indigenous plant pests in Europe gathered by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) for the period 1995-2004. For one third of the insects established in Switzerland and Austria, the region of origin is unclear. Others come mainly from North America, Asia and the Mediterranean region. Among the intercepted insects, 40% were associated with commodities from Asia, 32% from Europe and only 2% from North merica.Sternorrhyncha, Coleoptera and Psocoptera were particularly well represented in the alien fauna compared to the native fauna. In the interception database, Sternorrhyncha were also well represented but Diptera accounted for the highest number of records. Sap feeders and detritivores were the dominant feeding niches in the alien insect fauna. In contrast,external defoliators, stem borers, gall makers, root feeders, predators and parasitoids were underrepresented. Nearly 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria live only indoors. Another 15% live outdoors but exclusively or predominantly on exotic plants. Less than 20% are found mainly in “natural” environments. The majority of introductions of alien insects in Europe are associated with the international trade in ornamental plants. An economic impact was found for 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria whereas none is known to have an ecological impact. The implications of these observations for further studies and the management of alien species in Europe are discussed.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Kenis) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02666220v1
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[hal-02741419] Contrasted genetic patterns in two egg-parasitoids associated with the complex species of the processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa/wilkinsoni around the Mediterranean basin
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02741419v1
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[hal-02651792] Inferences on population history of a seed chalcid wasp: invasion success despite a severe founder effect from an unexpected source population.
Most invasive species established in Europe originate from either Asia or North America, but little is currently known about the potential of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor) and/or the Near East to constitute invasion sources. Mediterranean forests are generally fragile ecosystems that can be threatened by invasive organisms coming from different regions of the Mediterranean Basin, but for which historical data are difficult to gather and the phylogeographic patterns are still poorly understood for most terrestrial organisms. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of Megastigmus schimitscheki, an invasive seed-feeding insect species originating from the Near East, and elucidated its invasion route in South-eastern France in the mid 1990s. To disentangle the evolutionary history of this introduction, we gathered samples from the main native regions (Taurus Mountains in Turkey, Lebanon and Cyprus) and from the invaded region that we genotyped using five microsatellite markers and for which we sequenced the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. We applied a set of population genetic statistics and methods, including approximate Bayesian computation. We proposed a detailed phylogeographic pattern for the Near East populations, and we unambiguously showed that the French invasive populations originated from Cyprus, although the available historical data strongly suggested that Turkey could be the most plausible source area. Interestingly, we could show that the introduced populations were founded from an extremely restricted number of individuals that realized a host switch from Cedrus brevifolia to C. atlantica. Evolutionary hypotheses are discussed to account for this unlikely scenario.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651792v1
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[hal-01098400] Potential spread of the pine processionary moth in France: preliminary results from a simulation model and future challenges
& Context Some forest insect pests are currently extending their range as a consequence of climate warming. However, in most cases, the evidence is mainly based on correlations and the underlying mechanism is not clearly known. & Aims One of the most severe pests of pine forests in Europe, the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is currently expanding its distribution as a result of climate warming and does not occupy entirely its potential habitat. A model describing its spread was devel-oped to simulate its potential range in France under various climate change scenarios. & Methods The spread model was divided into several sub-models to describe the growth, survival and dispersal of the species. The model was validated on the observed change of species distribution, its sensitivity was tested, and spread scenarios were simulated for the future. & Results The model shows that climate warming initiated the species range expansion in France since the early 1990s. The spread is now limited by dispersal capability, but human-mediated dispersal could accelerate the range expansion. & Conclusion Species range expansion is an indicator of climate change. However, time lags can appear due to limited dispersal capabilities, and human-mediated dispersal could create satellite colonies and artificially accelerate the spread.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 24 Dec 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01098400v1
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[hal-02772062] Incidence de la consommation de certains clones de Pin sylvestre pour Diprion pini L. (Hym. Diprionidae)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M.A. Auger) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02772062v1
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[hal-02691824] Effect of temperature and photoperiod on diapause development in a Douglas fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (G. Roux) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02691824v1
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[hal-02833794] Molecular phylogeny of Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) related to conifers
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02833794v1
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[hal-01318295] Revision of the genus Philonome Chambers and its proposed reassignment to the family Tineidae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea)
The New World genus Philonome Chambers, 1874 is revised. This genus comprises twelve species, seven of which are described as new: two species, P. nigrescens sp. n. and P. wielgusi sp. n., from the United States; four species, P. albivittata sp. n., P. curvilineata sp. n., P. kawakitai sp. n., and P. lambdagrapha sp. n., from French Guiana; and one species, P. penerivifera sp. n., from Brazil. Lectotypes are designated for Philonome clemensella Chambers, 1874 and P. rivifera Meyrick, 1915. Partially on evidence of their head morphology and particularly from molecular evidence, the genus Philonome, previously associated with Bucculatricidae or Lyonetiidae, is reassigned to Tineidae. A possible systematic position of Philonome within Tineidae is discussed. Eurynome Chambers, 1875, is synonymized with Argyresthia Hübner, 1825 (Argyresthiidae). Photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia, when available, are provided for all described species of Philo-nome and two species previously misplaced in Philonome, Argyresthia luteella (Chambers, 1875) and Elachista albella (Chambers, 1877). In addition, DNA barcodes were used for the delimitation of most species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jae-Cheon Sohn) 20 May 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01318295v1
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[hal-02704170] Quelle peut etre l'incidence de la gelee d'avril sur les populations de vers de la grappe ?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Stöckel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02704170v1
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[hal-02841938] Les Homoptères Sternorhyncha. 2. Les cochenilles
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (I. Foldi) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02841938v1
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[hal-02682465] Shoot damage by Tomicus sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and effect on Pinus yunnanensis resistance to subsequent reproductive attacks on the stem
1 In South-western China, Yunnan pines Pinus yunnanensis, suffer considerable damage from an undescribed Tomicus sp. previously thought to be T. piniperda. 2 To assess the effect of shoot maturation feeding (during which an aggregation process appears to occur) on host resistance to attacks on the bole, the relationships between shoot damage, bole attack density and tree survival were studied. 3 Attack distribution in the crown and in the stem did not vary between killed and surviving trees, indicating that mortality is determined by the quantity of attacks. 4 The level of shoot damage and bole attack density were positively and linearly correlated. This can be explained by the fact that bole attacks are caused by beetles coming from the crown of the same tree. 5 A critical threshold of bole attack density (around 80 attacks/m2) above which trees die was observed. However, because attacks continue after this threshold is reached, the density of failed attacks on the killed trees was used as an estimator of the threshold density. It decreased when shoot damage increased. 6 The existence of a critical threshold of shoot damage (60% damaged shoots) was also demonstrated. Above this threshold, stem attack density was always sufficiently high to kill trees. 7 The results emphasize that concentration of shoot attacks is the main reason for the extensive tree damage observed in China. 8 A model of relationships between shoot and stem attacks is proposed, suggesting that management to reduce shoot attacks would protect trees from dying by both decreasing the number of bole attacks and raising the threshold for successful attack density on the bole to levels that could not be attained.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François Lieutier) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02682465v1
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[hal-02708254] Structures implicated in the transportation of pathogenic fungi by the european bark beetle, Ips sexdentatus Boerner : ultrastructure of a mycangium
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Levieux) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02708254v1
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[hal-02928723] Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863) - Locust Digitate Leafminer(Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). Chapter 14: Factsheets for 80 representative alien species
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Lees) 02 Sep 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02928723v1
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[hal-02843743] Effect of modified atmospheres on insects and mites infesting stored products
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francis Fleurat-Lessard) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02843743v1
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[hal-02660583] Phylogeography of a host-specific insect: genetic structure of Ips typographus in Europe does not reflect past fragmentation of its host
The phylogeography of the bark beetle Ips typographus was assessed using five microsatellite markers. Twenty-eight populations were sampled throughout Europe on the host tree Picea abies. I. typographus showed very low levels of genetic diversity, and the study revealed a lack of genetic structure across Europe. No significant barrier to gene flow was found, even though P. abies has a fragmented distribution. A weak but significant effect of isolation by distance was found. These results suggest a high dispersal capacity of I. typographus, which leads to low genetic differentiation between populations. Its high dispersal capacity is likely to have prevented I. typographus from developing important local adaptations to its host, which would have influenced its genetic structure. The nuclear data was compared to previously published mitochondrial data that showed strong differentiation between Central-Northern European populations and Russian-Baltic populations, and a founder effect in Scandinavia, probably reflecting the postglacial history of I. typographus. Discrepancies between nuclear and mitochondrial markers could be due to the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, and to sex-biased dispersal in I. typographus. The overall low genetic diversity observed on both markers on a large geographical scale is discussed
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aurelien Salle) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02660583v1
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[hal-02816921] Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), western flower thrips (Thripidae, Thysanoptera). Chapter 13: Species accounts of 100 of the most invasive alien species in Europe
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02816921v1
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[hal-00550573] Why do insects have such a high density of flow-sensing hairs? Insights from the hydromechanics of biomimetic MEMS sensors
Insects and arachnids are often quite hairy. The reasons for this high density of sensory hairs are unknown. Previous studies have predicted strong hydrodynamic coupling between densely packed airflow-sensitive hairs. Flow perturbation owing to single hairs and between tandem hairs, however, has never been experimentally measured. This paper aims to quantify the extent of flow perturbation by single and tandem hairs directly, using biomimetic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) hairs as physical models and particle image velocimetry (PIV) for flow visualization. Single and tandem MEMS hairs of varying interhair distances were subjected to oscillatory flows of varying frequency. Decreasing hair-to-hair distance markedly reduced flow velocity amplitude and increased the phase shift between the far-field flow and the flow between hairs. These effects were stronger for lower flow frequencies. We predict strong hydrodynamic coupling within whole natural hair canopies exposed to natural stimuli, depending on arthropod and hair sizes, and hair density. Thus, rather than asking why arthropods have so many hairs, it may be useful to address why hairs are packed together at such high densities, particularly given the exquisite sensitivity of a single hair.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérome Casas) 28 Dec 2010
https://hal.science/hal-00550573v1
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[hal-02855147] Modelisation du cycle de la pyrale du mais (Ostrinia nubilalis, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Illustration de deux niveaux de problemes: la duree de developpement larvaire et la diapause
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Brigitte Got) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02855147v1
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[hal-02855263] Substances immunologiquement apparentees a l'insuline chez les insectes
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (L. Lavenseau) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02855263v1
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[hal-02856335] Vers de la grappe : comment prevoir le risque
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Stöckel) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02856335v1
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[hal-02856031] Evolution des pertes en matiere seche des grains dues a un ravageur secondaire : Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), coleoptere Tenebrionidae, lors de la conservation des cereales
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (K. Bekon) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02856031v1
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[hal-02744788] La chenille processionnaire du pin. L’arbre en ville : un hôte pour des invités non désirés
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02744788v1
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[hal-02655016] Des marronniers minés
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Augustin) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02655016v1
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[hal-02654961] C'est la chenille qui redémarre !
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charlotte Cousin) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02654961v1
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[hal-02740030] Host plant specialization influences the spread of endosymbiotic parthenogenesis in seed wasps (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740030v1
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[hal-02810987] Australian sphingidae-DNA barcodes challenge current species boundaries and distributions
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02810987v1
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[hal-02631901] IgE Sensitization to Thaumetopoea pityocampa: Diagnostic Utility of a Setae Extract, Clinical Picture and Associated Risk Factors
Background: Setae from Thaumetopoea pityocampa larvae (the pine processionary moth or PPM) can induce hypersensitivity reactions, but their clinical role in IgE-mediated responses is still subject to discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate a setae extract for in vivo and in vitro diagnosis in nonhospitalized patients with reactions to PPM. Methods: Forty-eight adult patients presenting with PPM cutaneous reactions were studied by skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE using setae and whole larval (WL) extracts. Biological standardized extracts were used for skin tests. Results: A total of 47.9% patients had a positive SPT for PPM (70% to both extracts, 17% only to the WL extract and 13% only to the setae extract). IgE immunoblotting detected several reactive bands in 91% of the SPT-positive cases. In multivariate analysis, male sex, immediate latency (<1 h) and duration of skin symptoms (<24 h) were independent predictors of a positive SPT. Conclusions: IgE sensitization to PPM was found in 48% of the study patients, which was associated with immediate reactions and evanescent cutaneous lesions. Most of these patients reacted to both WL and setae extracts, but some reacted to only one of them. According to our data, skin and in vitro tests to PPM should be performed using both extracts.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (José María Vega) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02631901v1
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[hal-02717513] Variabilité intraspéeifique de la pyrale du maïs (O. nubilalis Hbn.) pour sa phéromone sexuelle
Après une première enquête sur la variabilité phéromonale intraspécifique de la pyrale du maïs, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., en Europe et en Amérique du Nord (KLUN & COOPERATORS, 1975), les réponses des populations de mâles de pyrale à l’attraction sexuelle de 3 mélanges des isomères Z et E du 11-tétradécényl acétate dans les proportions Z/E 97/3, 35/65, 3/97, ont été étudiées en 28 lieux d’Europe, 3 en Egypte et un dans la province d’Hebei en République populaire de Chine, durant la période 1978-1981 en tant que partie du programme coopératif de l’I.W.G.O. (Groupe de travail international sur Ostrinia). Dans la région paléarctique, les populations de pyrale manifestent un polymorphisme pour leur phéromone sexuelle. Si le phénotype Z est le seul observé en 13 lieux, caractérisés en général par de faibles captures, dans les autres lieux, les 2 phénotypes Z et E sont sympatriques, très souvent avec la présence de leur hybride présumé Z x E répondant au mélange Z/E 35/65. L’enquête confirme la grande prédominance du phénotype Z dans les cultures de maïs dans le monde entier. Le phénotype E n’est prédominant que dans 5 localités du Nord de l’Italie et du Sud de la Suisse.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Patricia P. Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02717513v1
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[hal-02855077] Etude des substances volatiles de la vigne actives sur le comportement de l'eudemis
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Bar) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02855077v1
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[hal-02794492] Rôle de la répartition spatiale des arbres ornementaux dans la circulation d'espèces envahissantes
Le patrimoine arboré urbain résulte de l’action d’intervenants multiples, privés ou publics. Ces acteurs créent et entretiennent des continuités écologiques entre villes, zones agricoles et forêts qui sont bénéfiques en matière de biodiversité mais qui peuvent également être exploitées par des espèces envahissantes, autochtones ou exotiques. C’est le cas de la processionnaire du pin (PP), un ravageur forestier dont les larves urticantes posent des problèmes de santé publique dans les milieux urbains et péri-urbains. Le travail présenté dans ce rapport avait pour objectif de déterminer si les choix en matière de plantations ornementales différent selon les catégories de propriétaires, la taille des parcelles et le régime foncier et d’évaluer les variations du niveau de population de la processionnaire du pin suivant le régime de propriété et le cortège d’hôtes potentiels de l’insecte. Les particuliers plantent une gamme d’essences plus large que les personnes morales et choisissent plus souvent des espèces de conifères peu favorables à la PP. Les pratiques ornementales des personnes morales conduisent à des assemblages d’espèces moins diversifiés et globalement plus favorables à la PP avec l’emploi des principales espèces hôtes tels que le pin noir (P. nigra).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Chauveau) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02794492v1
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[hal-02718828] Lutte raisonnee et tordeuses de la grappe
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Stöckel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02718828v1
