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[hal-02678268] Potential invasion of China by exotic insect pests associated with tree seeds
A total of 39 insect species, mostly seed chalcids in the genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera), but also midges (Diptera), are listed as potential seed-borne invaders of Chinese conifers. Although the number of native seed insects per conifer genus does not differ between China and other biogeographical regions, there are significantly fewer seed insects associated with each conifer genus in China than potential invaders. The eventual success of the invaders is likely to depend on the presence of native Chinese conifers that are congeneric with the original host, or on the presence of the original host as an exotic. When a substantial entomofauna is already associated with cones, competition for seed resources may limit the potential impact of invaders because seed insects are usually the last organisms to colonize the cone. A survey of 26 fir species, both native and introduced to Europe, showed that overall seed infestation by five species of exotic chalcids is negatively correlated to levels of damage by native insects, except on the original hosts of the chalcids. Similar patterns are hypothesized for native firs, spruces, Douglas firs, and larches in China. Uncontrolled importation of seeds and nuts of broad-leaved trees could also facilitate the introduction of seed chalcids, seed bruchids, tortricid moths and nut weevils into China. Only six species of seed chalcids are present in China, out of the 72 known to attack broad-leaved seeds over the world.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02678268v1
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[hal-02679340] Competition between exotic and native insects for seed resources in trees of a Mediterranean forest ecosystem
The seeds of both cedar-of-Lebanon (Cedrus libani) and Cyprus cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) are attacked in their natural range by a specialised chalcid, Megastigmus schimitscheki. From 1995 to 1999, seeds were screened for insect damage in the main cedar plantations of southern France, as well as in the stands where cedar is mixed with firs (Abies spp.). X-rays were used to identify chalcid-infested seeds from which the insects were then reared. The surveys revealed the presence of M. schimitscheki in all the stands of Atlas cedar, Cedrus atlantica, planted at Mt Ventoux, southeastern France. The chalcid also infested seeds of an exotic fir, Abies pinsapo, planted in the same area. However, it has not yet reached the cedar plantations in southwestern France, where the seeds are colonised by a related exotic insect, Megastigmus pinsapinis, originating from North Africa. The latter species was common in cedar seeds at Mt Ventoux in the early 1990s but seems to have been supplanted by M. schimitscheki in the invasion zone. A native chalcid species, Megastigmus suspectus, was also shown to have shifted to a slight extent from a native fir, A. alba, onto cedar. The presence of three chalcid species competing for cedar seed resources may result in a substantial decline of the regeneration potential of that tree species. At Mt Ventoux, up to 92.6% of the cedar seeds were attacked, with 86.8% due to M. schimitscheki. The survey also revealed the widespread presence of another North American chalcid, Megastigmus rafni, in the fir stands of southern France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Pierre Fabre) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02679340v1
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[hal-01092614] Epidemiology of asexuality induced by the endosymbiotic Wolbachia across phytophagous wasp species: host plant specialization matters.
Among eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is by far the most predominant mode of reproduction. However, some systems maintaining sexuality appear particularly labile and raise intriguing questions on the evolutionary routes to asexuality. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is a form of spontaneous loss of sexuality leading to strong distortion of sex ratio towards females and resulting from mutation, hybridization or infection by bacterial endosymbionts. We investigated whether ecological specialization is a likely mechanism of spread of thelytoky within insect communities. Focusing on the highly specialized genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), we first performed a large literature survey to examine the distribution of thelytoky in these wasps across their respective obligate host plant families. Second, we tested for thelytoky caused by endosymbionts by screening in 15 arrhenotokous and 10 thelytokous species for Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus and Rickettsia endosymbionts and by performing antibiotic treatments. Finally, we performed phylogenetic reconstructions using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to examine the evolution of endosymbiont-mediated thelytoky in Megastigmus and its possible connections to host plant specialization. We demonstrate that thelytoky evolved from ancestral arrhenotoky through the horizontal transmission and the fixation of the parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia. We find that ecological specialization in Wolbachia's hosts was probably a critical driving force for Wolbachia infection and spread of thelytoky, but also a constraint. Our work further reinforces the hypothesis that community structure of insects is a major driver of the epidemiology of endosymbionts and that competitive interactions among closely related species may facilitate their horizontal transmission.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 30 Jun 2017
https://inria.hal.science/hal-01092614v1
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[hal-02686528] Variations clonales de l'aptitude du pin sylvestre à assurer le développement de Diprion pini L. (Hym, Diprionidae) en milieu naturel
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02686528v1
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[hal-02687544] The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on breaking diapause of Diprion pini L. (Hym., Diprionidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Hamel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02687544v1
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[hal-02698730] Accroissement des risques de dégats de la processionnaire du pin, Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis Schiff. en région Centre, du au réchauffement climatique (Lepidoptera : Thaumetopoeidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francis Goussard) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698730v1
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[hal-02687958] Chromosome fission associated with growth of ribosomal DNA in Neodiprion abietis (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02687958v1
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[hal-02693729] Oviposition preference and larval survival of diprion pini on scots pine clones in relation to foliage characteristics
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (F. Pasquier-Barre) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02693729v1
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[hal-02682203] Relationship of scots pine clone characteristics and water stress to hatching and larval performance of the sawfly Diprion pini (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (F. Pasquier-Barre) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02682203v1
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[hal-04498528] Dataset documenting prevalence and counts of pine processionary moth tents on local host trees in 3 regions of France with different climatic environments
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a defoliating lepidopter that develops during winter. The larvae are gregarious and bear urticating setae that are harmful to humans and vertebrates. They shelter in conspicuous silk tents that are easy to detect. We here present a dataset comprising tree characterization and tent counts from 3 agglomerations in France located in regions with different climatic environments. The studied trees belong to various conifer species that are potential hosts for the caterpillars. In each site, we defined clusters as one target tree and its 10–62 nearest neighbors, and surveyed each tree within the clusters by informing: tree species, coordinates, size, number of tents. We characterized a total of 3690 trees, including 2009 trees in Orléans (grouped in 68 clusters), 359 trees in La Baule (18 clusters) and 1322 trees in Montpellier (52 clusters). We provide the raw data characterizing each individual tree, graphs showing the prevalence and mean number of tents for the tree species included in the survey, and maps allowing to locate each tree. This dataset brings information about host preference of the pine processionary moth and will be useful as a baseline to study spatio-temporal variability of host-insect relationships. It can also be informative for decision-makers and managers of urban greenings to avoid trees that are likely to be heavily infested for plantation in proximity to vulnerable people.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhué) 11 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04498528v1
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[hal-03609676] A first inference of the phylogeography of the worldwide invader Xylosandrus compactus
Native to Southeastern Asia, the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus is invasive worldwide. Its invasion is favoured by its cryptic lifestyle, symbiosis with a fungus that facilitates a broad range of host plants, and predominant sib-mating reproduction. X. compactus invaded Africa more than a century ago and the Americas and Pacific Islands in the middle of the twentieth century. It was not detected in Europe before 2011, when it was first reported in Italy before quickly spreading to France, Greece and Spain. Despite the negative environmental, agricultural and economic consequences of the invasion of X. compactus, its invasion history and main pathways remain poorly documented. We used COI and RAD sequencing to (i) characterise the worldwide genetic structure of the species, (ii) disentangle the origin(s) of the non-native populations on the three invaded continents and (iii) analyse the genetic diversity and pathways within each invaded region. Three mitochondrial lineages were identified in the native range. Populations invading Europe and the American-Pacific region originated from the first lineage and were only slightly genetically differentiated at nuclear SNP markers, suggesting independent introductions from close sources in or near Shanghai, ca. 60 years apart. Populations invading Africa originated from the second lineage, likely from India or Vietnam.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 06 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03609676v1
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[hal-04171596] Dynamique d’expansion d’une population introduite de Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) en France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 31 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171596v1
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[hal-03686721] Patterns of expansion of pine processionary moth at the northern edge of its distributional range
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686721v1
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[anses-04353534] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Xylotrechus chinensis »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marchés d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi (Gahan, 1906) ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 19 Dec 2023
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04353534v1
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[hal-04171626] Past, present and future potential geographical distribution of Xylosandrus crassiusculus in Europe
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171626v1
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[hal-04449380] Multi-tissue metabolic and transcriptomic responses to a short-term heat stress in swine
Background Heat stress (HS) is an increasing threat for pig production with a wide range of impacts. When submitted to high temperatures, pigs will use a variety of strategies to alleviate the effect of HS. While systemic adaptations are well known, tissue-specific changes remain poorly understood. In this study, thirty-two pigs were submitted to a 5-day HS at 32 °C. Results Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on several tissues. The results revealed differentially expressed genes and metabolites in different tissues. Specifically, 481, 1774, 71, 1572, 17, 164, and 169 genes were differentially expressed in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, blood, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands, respectively. Regulatory glands (pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal) had a lower number of regulated genes, perhaps indicating an earlier sensitivity to HS. In addition, 7, 8, 2, and 8 metabolites were differentially produced in muscle, liver, plasma, and urine, respectively. The study also focused on the oxidative stress pathway in muscle and liver by performing a correlation analysis between genes and metabolites. Conclusions This study has identified various adaptation mechanisms in swine that enable them to cope with heat stress (HS). These mechanisms include a global decrease in energetic metabolism, as well as changes in metabolic precursors that are linked with protein and lipid catabolism and anabolism. Notably, the adaptation mechanisms differ significantly between regulatory (pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands) and effector tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, liver and blood). Our findings provide new insights into the comprehension of HS adaptation mechanisms in swine.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 12 Feb 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04449380v1
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[tel-04368466] Structure génétique et modélisation de la distribution des populations de deux espèces invasives de Xylosandrus (Scolytinae - Xyleborini) : deux espèces proches aux histoires d’invasion différentes
Xylosandrus compactus et X. crassiusculus sont deux scolytes originaires d’Asie du Sud-Est et invasifs sur plusieurs continents, dont la biologie et l’écologie atypiques favorisent l’invasion. Une approche pluridisciplinaire a été utilisée au cours de cette thèse afin (i) d’identifier l’origine des populations invasives et leurs routes d’invasion, et (ii) de déterminer les zones dans lesquelles elles pourraient s'étendre et s’établir. Les routes d’invasion ont été retracées à l’aide d’un marqueur mitochondrial et de marqueurs génomiques, et les zones favorables à l’établissement de chaque espèce ont été déterminées à l’aide de modèles de distribution d’espèces (SDM). Malgré leur proximité écologique et phylogénétique, les deux espèces ont une histoire d’invasion différente. Deux lignées ont été identifiées chez X. compactus, l’une originaire d’Inde ou du Vietnam ayant envahi l’Afrique et l’autre originaire de la région de Shanghai et ayant envahi indépendamment les Amériques et les îles du Pacifique, puis l’Europe. X. crassiusculus est composé de deux clusters très divergents, majoritairement allopatriques et possédant des niches écologiques différentes. Le cluster 1 a envahi indépendamment les îles du Pacifique et l’Afrique. Le cluster 2 est responsable de l’invasion en Amérique, en Europe, en Afrique et en Océanie, avec plusieurs invasions indépendantes de multiples origines (dont des événements dits "tête de pont") suivies de dispersion intra-continentale. Les SDM ont montré pour les deux espèces l’existence de zones favorables où elles ne sont pas encore présentes et qui sont donc susceptibles d’être envahies secondairement. Nous anticipons également un impact du changement climatique sur leurs potentielles distributions futures. A l'inverse, l'évolution récente du climat n'est pas responsable de l'invasion récente de l'Europe, ce continent étant favorable depuis plusieurs décennies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 01 Jan 2024
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04368466v1
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[hal-04871434] Tracking the North American Asian Longhorned Beetle Invasion With Genomics
Biological invasions pose significant threats to ecological and economic stability, with invasive pests like the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, ALB) causing substantial damage to forest ecosystems. Effective pest management relies on comprehensive knowledge of the insect's biology and invasion history. This study uses genomics to address these knowledge gaps and inform existing biosurveillance frameworks. We used 2768 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to compare invasive A. glabripennis populations in North America, using genomic variation to trace their sources of invasion and spread patterns, thereby refining our understanding of this species' invasion history. We found that most North American A. glabripennis infestations were distinct, resulting from multiple independent introductions from the native range. Following their introduction, all invasive populations experienced a genetic bottleneck which was followed by a population expansion, with a few also showing secondary spread to satellite infestations. Our study provides a foundation for a genome-based biosurveillance tool that can be used to clarify the origin of intercepted individuals, allowing regulatory agencies to strengthen biosecurity measures against this invasive beetle.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 07 Jan 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04871434v1
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[hal-04171739] Les scolytes du genre Xylosandrus à la conquête de l'Europe
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171739v1
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[hal-03366792] Preventing invasions of Asian longhorn beetle and citrus longhorn beetle: are we on the right track?
Two Asian longhorn beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis, are among the most serious alien invasive species attacking forest and urban trees, both in North America and Europe. Major efforts have been put into preventing further entry and establishment of the two species as well as promoting their successful eradication. Here, we review these efforts, their progress and outcome, and scientific advancements in monitoring and control methods. The combined international activities and harmonizing legislative changes in detection and eradication methods have proven worthwhile, with more than 45% of eradication programmes successful in the last 12 years. Some countries were able to completely eradicate all populations and others managed to reduce the area affected. Although the costs of the eradication programmes can be very high, the benefits outweigh inaction. Attempts to eradicate A. chinensis have been more challenging in comparison with those targeting A. glabripennis. For both species, efforts are hampered by the ongoing arrival of new beetles, both from their native regions in Asia and from other invaded regions via bridgehead effects. The methods used for eradication have not changed much during the last decade, and host removal is still the method most commonly used. On the other hand, detection methods have diversified during the last decade with advances in semiochemical research and use of detection dogs. The next decade will determine if eradications continue to be successful, particularly in the case of A. chinensis, which has been targeted in some countries for containment instead of eradication. Key Message: • Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are invasive wood borers native to Asia • Both species are serious pests in their invaded range, attacking healthy forest and urban trees • We analyse data from 2008–2020, regarding interceptions, establishments and eradications • In Europe and North America more than 45% of eradication programmes were successful • Innovations on management strategies and recent scientific achievements are reviewed
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sofia Branco) 05 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03366792v1
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[hal-03211695] DNA barcoding for bio-surveillance of emerging pests and species identification in Afrotropical Prioninae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
DNA barcoding has been succesfully used for bio-surveillance of forest and agricultural pests in temperate areas, but has few applications in the tropics and particulary in Africa. Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Prioninae species that is locally causing extensive damage in commercially-grown sugarcane in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Due to the risk of spread of this species to the rest of southern Africa and to other sugarcane growing regions, clear and easy identification of this pest is critical for monitoring and for phytosanitary services. The genus Cacosceles Newman, 1838 includes four species, most being very similar in morphology. The damaging stage of the species is the larva, which is inherently difficult to distinguish morphologically from other Cerambycidae species. A tool for rapid and reliable identification of this species was needed by plant protection and quarantine agencies to monitor its potential abundance and spread. Here, we provide newly-generated barcodes for C. newmannii that can be used to reliably identify any life stage, even by non-trained taxonomists. In addition, we compiled a curated DNA barcoding reference library for 70 specimens of 20 named species of Afrotropical Prioninae to evaluate DNA barcoding as a valid tool to identify them. We also assessed the level of deeply conspecific mitochondrial lineages. Sequences were assigned to 42 different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 28 of which were new to BOLD. Out of the 20 named species barcoded, 11 (52.4%) had their own unique Barcode Index Number (BIN). Eight species (38.1%) showed multiple BINs with no morphological differentiation. Amongst them, C. newmannii showed two highly divergent genetic clusters which co-occur sympatrically, but further investigation is required to test whether they could represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 29 Apr 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03211695v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
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[hal-03232080] Climate change impact on the potential geographical distribution of two invading Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles
Xylosandrus compactus and X. crassiusculus are two polyphagous ambrosia beetles originating from Asia and invasive in circumtropical regions worldwide. Both species were recently reported in Italy and further invaded several other European countries in the following years. We used the MaxEnt algorithm to estimate the suitable areas worldwide for both species under the current climate. We also made future projections for years 2050 and 2070 using 11 different General Circulation Models, for 4 Representative Concentration Pathways (2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5). Our analyses showed that X. compactus has not been reported in all potentially suitable areas yet. Its current distribution in Europe is localised, whereas our results predicted that most of the periphery of the Mediterranean Sea and most of the Atlantic coast of France could be suitable. Outside Europe, our results also predicted Central America, all islands in Southeast Asia and some Oceanian coasts as suitable. Even though our results when modelling its potential distribution under future climates were more variable, the models predicted an increase in suitability poleward and more uncertainty in the circumtropical regions. For X. crassiusculus , the same method only yielded poor results, and the models thus could not be used for predictions. We discuss here these results and propose advice about risk prevention and invasion management of both species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 25 May 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03232080v1
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[anses-04718536] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Amasa parviseta »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 02 Oct 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04718536v1
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[hal-04534667] Intraspecific niche models for the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus suggest contrasted responses to climate change
Xylosandrus crassiusculus is an invasive ambrosia beetle comprising two differentiated genetic lineages, named cluster 1 and cluster 2. These lineages invaded different parts of the world at different periods of time. We tested whether they exhibited different climatic niches using Schoener's D and Hellinger's I indices and modeled their current potential geographical ranges using the Maxent algorithm. The resulting models were projected according to future and recent past climate datasets for Europe and the Mediterranean region. The future projections were performed for the periods 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 using 3 SSPs and 5 GCMs. The genetic lineages exhibited different climate niches. Parts of Europe, the Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Oceania were evaluated as suitable for cluster 1. Parts of Europe, South America, Central and South Africa, Asia, and Oceania were considered as suitable for cluster 2. Models projection under future climate scenarios indicated a decrease in climate suitability in Southern Europe and an increase in North Eastern Europe in 2071-2100. Most of Southern and Western Europe was evaluated as already suitable for both clusters in the early twentieth century. Our results show that large climatically suitable regions still remain uncolonized and that climate change will affect the geographical distribution of climatically suitable areas. Climate conditions in Europe were favorable in the twentieth century, suggesting that the recent colonization of Europe is rather due to an increase in propagule pressure via international trade than to recent environmental changes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 01 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04534667v1
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[hal-04132693] The worldwide invasion history of a pest ambrosia beetle inferred using population genomics
Xylosandrus crassiusculus, a fungus-farming wood borer native to Southeastern Asia, is the most rapidly spreading invasive ambrosia species worldwide. Previous studies focusing on its genetic structure suggested the existence of cryptic genetic variation in this species. Yet, these studies used different genetic markers, focused on different geographical areas, and did not include Europe. Our first goal was to determine the worldwide genetic structure of this species based on both mitochondrial and genomic markers. Our second goal was to study X. crassiusculus' invasion history on a global level and identify the origins of the invasion in Europe. We used a COI and RAD sequencing design to characterize 188 and 206 specimens worldwide, building the most comprehensive genetic dataset for any ambrosia beetle to date. The results were largely consistent between markers. Two differentiated genetic clusters were invasive, albeit in different regions of the world. The two markers were inconsistent only for a few specimens found exclusively in Japan. Mainland USA could have acted as a source for further expansion to Canada and Argentina through stepping-stone expansion and bridgehead events. We showed that Europe was only colonized by Cluster 2 through a complex invasion history including several arrivals from multiple origins in the native area, and possibly including bridgehead from the USA. Our results also suggested that Spain .
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (T. Urvois) 19 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04132693v1
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[hal-04947437] Recognition of the Pseudocryptic Species Xylosandrus declivigranulatus (Schedl) as Distinct from Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini)
Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866) occupies worldwide temperate to tropical forests and suburban areas within its natural and non-native range as a result of human introductions. Given its pest status, several studies of population genetics have been conducted. As a result of an ongoing study, several smaller individuals from southern Thailand exhibited nucleotide differences that were dissimilar to the remaining individuals, thus calling into question the species status of these individuals. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of X. crassiusculus individuals from widely dispersed locations, including an individual from southern Thailand. and a robust sampling of other Xylosandrus Reitter, 1913 species using xyleborine diagnostic genes mtDNA COI and nueDNA CAD. The smaller individual from southern Thailand was sister to the remaining X. crassiusculus individuals and demonstrated >13% and >3% nucleotide difference in COI and CAD sequences. respectively. Upon the examination of type specimens, we confirmed that these smaller X. crassiusculus individuals were indeed Xylosandrus declivigranulatus (Schedl, 1936), status restored, which we resurrect. Its smaller size and pronotum as long as wide diagnose this pseudocryptic species from X. crassiusculus.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sarah M. Smith) 14 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04947437v1
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[hal-03419963] Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation
Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed. We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Para state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure. We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape-related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements. Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yenny Correa‐carmona) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03419963v1
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[hal-04758162] Isotrias hybridana (Hübner, [1817]) et Isotrias rectifasciana (Haworth, [1811]) sont une même espèce (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)
Des difficultés pour différencier les mâles d’Isotrias hybridana de ceux d’I. rectifasciana ont été rencontrées lors de l’inventaire des lépidoptères sur plusieurs sites d’Occitanie. Afin de résoudre ce problème, une série d’individus d’Isotrias a été analysée. L’analyse a pris en compte des critères de morphologie externe, de structures génitales et de séquences code-barre ADN. Les résultats de l’analyse morphologique indiquent que les deux taxons ne peuvent pas être distingués, non seulement pour les mâles mais également pour les femelles, car le critère habituellement utilisé pour les différencier n’est pas discriminant. Les codes-barres ADN disponibles à l’échelle européenne suggèrent aussi qu’il n’y a qu’une seule espèce.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gérard Labonne) 20 Dec 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04758162v1
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[anses-04855184] Avis de L'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces - Cycle biologique, - Plantes hôtes, - Symptômes, - Aires de distribution, - Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, - Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement - Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, - Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, - Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination - Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, - Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles - Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, - Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris est présentée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 24 Dec 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04855184v1
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[anses-04608634] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Euplatypus hintzi »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL1 en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF2. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères ravageurs des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 11 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04608634v1
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[anses-04415035] Analyse des risques sanitaires liés à l’exposition aux chenilles émettrices de poils urticants et élaboration de recommandations de gestion
Les chenilles de Lépidoptères tels que les processionnaires du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis et Schiffermüller 1775) et du chêne (Thaumetopoea processionea L. 1758), le bombyx cul-brun (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. 1758) et la Lithosie quadrille (Lithosia quadra L. 1758), produisent des poils urticants qui, par contact direct cutané ou par inhalation, peuvent entraîner des réactions urticariennes ou allergiques chez l’espèce humaine avec un impact sanitaire significatif en cas de pullulation. Ces espèces peuvent, de plus, avoir des impacts sur certains végétaux (chêne, pin, etc.) et animaux (chien, chat, animaux d’élevage, etc.).Plusieurs espèces de ces Lépidoptères semblent accroître d’année en année leur airede répartition sur le territoire national, telle que la processionnaire du pin dont la présence était limitée historiquement au sud de la Loire et qui remonte graduellement vers le nord et en altitude à la faveur du dérèglement climatique. Le dérèglement climatique pourrait également avoir un impact sur l’évolution de l’aire de répartition et la phénologie des autres espèces de Lépidoptères à chenilles urticantes. Les chenilles émettrices de poils urticants constituent ainsi un enjeu de santé globale (en France hexagonale et ultramarine) dans les zones où elles sont déjà présentes ou dans des zones indemnes qu’elles pourraient coloniser dans un avenir proche.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Desneux) 24 Jan 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04415035v1
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[hal-03045949] Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees
Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gaëtane Le Provost) 17 Oct 2023
https://hal.science/hal-03045949v1
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[hal-03881017] Multi-omics and multi-tissues data to improve the understanding of heat stress adaptation mechanisms
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 01 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03881017v1
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[hal-04694015] Confusion des effets dans l’étude de la spatialisation des dégâts d’un insecte ravageur du Sapin de Douglas
Ce stage de fin d’étude du cursus d’ingénieur agronome d’Agrocampus Ouest s’est réalisé dans le cadre du projet Européen Horizon 2020 « B4EST » qui a pour but d’augmenter l’adaptation des forêts issues de matériel amélioré face aux changements climatiques. Le stage a donc été proposé et financé par l’URZF (Unité de Recherche de Zoologie Forestière) basée à Orléans. Compte tenu de l’aspect spatiale, le stage s’est effectué dans l’Unité BIOSP (Biostatistiques et processus spatiaux) à l’Agroparc d’Avignon. La majeure partie de ce stage s’est déroulé en télétravail en raison des évènements liés à la crise de la Covid-19.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Bony) 11 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04694015v1
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[hal-02676697] Genetics of resistance to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis poplars in the poplar leaf beetle, Chrysomela tremulae F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
The area under genetically engineered plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins is steadily increasing. This increase has magnified the risk of alleles conferring resistance to these toxins being selected in natural populations of target insect pests. The speed at which this selection is likely to occur depends on the genetic characteristics of Bt resistance. We selected a strain of the beetle Chrysomela tremulae Fabricius on a transgenic Bt poplar clone Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx producing high levels of B.thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin. This strain was derived from an isofemale line that generated some F-2 offspring that actively fed on this Bt poplar clone. The resistance ratio of the strain was >6,400. Susceptibility had decreased to such an extent that the mortality of beetles of the strain fed Bt poplar leaves was similar to that of beetles fed nontransgenic poplar leaves. Genetic crosses between susceptible, resistant, and F1 hybrids showed that resistance to the Cry3Aa toxin was almost completely recessive (D-LC = 0.07) and conferred by a single autosomal gene. The concentration of Cry3Aa produced in the transgenic Bt poplar used in this study was 6.34 times higher than the LC99 of the F1 hybrids, accounting for the complete recessivity (D-ML = 0) of survival on Bt poplar leaves. Overall, the genetic characteristics of the resistance of C. tremulae to the Cry3Aa toxin are consistent with the assumptions underlying the high-dose refuge strategy, which aims to decrease the selection of Bt resistance alleles in natural target pest populations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Augustin) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02676697v1
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[hal-02650797] An extreme case of plant-insect codiversification: figs and fig-pollinating wasps
It is thought that speciation in phytophagous insects is often due to colonization of novel host plants, because radiations of plant and insect lineages are typically asynchronous. Recent phylogenetic comparisons have supported this model of diversification for both insect herbivores and specialized pollinators. An exceptional case where contemporaneous plant-insect diversification might be expected is the obligate mutualism between fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera). The ubiquity and ecological significance of this mutualism in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has long intrigued biologists, but the systematic challenge posed by >750 interacting species pairs has hindered progress toward understanding its evolutionary history. In particular, taxon sampling and analytical tools have been insufficient for large-scale cophylogenetic analyses. Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated for this study. We also developed a new analytical tool, Jane 2, for event-based phylogenetic reconciliation analysis of very large data sets. Separate Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for figs and fig wasps under relaxed molecular clock assumptions indicate Cretaceous diversification of crown groups and contemporaneous divergence for nearly half of all fig and pollinator lineages. Event-based cophylogenetic analyses further support the codiversification hypothesis. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the present-day distribution of fig and pollinator lineages is consistent with a Eurasian origin and subsequent dispersal, rather than with Gondwanan vicariance. Overall, our findings indicate that the fig-pollinator mutualism represents an extreme case among plant-insect interactions of coordinated dispersal and long-term codiversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Astrid Cruaud) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02650797v1
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[hal-04506156] The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Notodontidae) species complex: a phylogeny-based revision
The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa , is an iconic insect in the Mediterranean culture because of its economic and medical importance and the unique traits of the life history, namely the winter feeding and the construction of conspicuous silk tents by the larvae. Its taxonomic status, however, is unclear because the type material is not available and there is confusion among the several species and subspecies described in the last centuries. In the present study, a metadata analysis of morphological and molecular data of the species in the T. pityocampa complex were considered for species delimitation, using more than 400 individuals from more than 120 geographic locations. A reconstruction of the origin of the material used for the first formal description has allowed to identify the type locality and to design a neotype. In addition, as Denis and Schiffermüller were referring to the work of Réaumur for details about the species, the description provided by Réaumur was reviewed. The results indicate that the barcode region of mitochondrial DNA is a reliable trait to separate species in most cases whereas morphological traits are not. Hybridization among taxa makes it difficult to delimit species in contact zones when mating barriers are not present. In other cases, such as the populations of Crete Island, the lack of gene flow with the mainland population may support species delimitation even when morphological traits are not conclusive. Thus, the new species Thaumetopoea cretensis is described here based on the evidence obtained from a previous study. Species delimitation based on both mitochondrial and nuclear markers allowed maintenance of three species of the complex ( T. cretensis , T. pityocampa , and T. wilkinsoni ) while more data are needed to determine the status of two recently described species: T. hellenica and T. mediterranea .
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrea Basso) 15 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04506156v1
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[hal-04312053] Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)
Human‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 19 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312053v1
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[hal-04672656] Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence
In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Soubeyrand) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04672656v1
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[hal-03686729] Phenological changes in the pine processionary moth
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686729v1
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[hal-03593160] Genetic structure of European invasive populations of two Xylosandrus species
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 01 Mar 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03593160v1
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[hal-02670846] Initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis poplar in a field population of Chrysomela tremulae
Globally, the estimated total area planted with transgenic plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins was 12 million hectares in 2001. The risk of target pests becoming resistant to these toxins has led to the implementation of resistance-management strategies. The efficiency and sustainability of these strategies, including the high-dose plus refuge strategy currently recommended for North American maize, depend on the initial frequency of resistance alleles. In this study, we estimated the initial frequencies of alleles conferring resistance to transgenic Bt poplars producing Cry3A in a natural population of the poplar pest Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We used the F2 screen method developed for detecting resistance alleles in natural pest populations. At least three parents of the 270 lines tested were heterozygous for a major Bt resistance allele. We estimated mean resistance-allele frequency for the period 1999–2001 at 0.0037 (95% confidence interval = 0.000 45–0.0080) with a detection probability of 90%. These results demonstrate that (i) the F2 screen method can be used to detect major alleles conferring resistance to Bt-producing plants in insects and (ii) the initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Bt toxin can be close to the highest theoretical values that are expected prior to the use of Bt plants if considering fitness costs and typical mutation rates.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anne Genissel) 02 Sep 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02670846v1
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[hal-04171659] Contrasting invasion history in two ambrosia beetles of the Xylosandrus genus
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171659v1
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[hal-03123290] Comparative studies of egg parasitoids of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Den. & Schiff.) in historic and expansion areas in France and Bulgaria
To investigate enemy pressure across the range of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Den. & Schiff.) as it spreads northwards in Europe because of climate change, a survey of 206 egg batches from historical and newly colonized areas at both the westernmost and the easternmost ends of the front was carried out in 2016–2018. Out of them, 97 egg batches were collected from nine locations in three regions in France and 109 from four localities in two regions in Bulgaria, both within historical and newly colonized ranges of the pest. The average number of eggs per batch collected in Bulgaria (226.6 ± 43.2) was higher than that in France (194.3 ± 50.1). However, the hatching percentage was higher in French samples, varying from 69.8 to 95.7, vs 49.8 to 85.2 per cent in Bulgarian samples. Four primary parasitoids (Ooencyrtus pityocampae, Baryscapus servadeii, Anastatus bifasciatus, Trichogramma sp.) and a hyperparasitoid (Baryscapus transversalis, found only in two regions of the historical range in Bulgaria) were identified. The oligophagous species B. servadeii was present at all sites within the historical range of the pest. In newly colonized areas, the impact of primary parasitoids on the host was distinctly low, suggesting that they lag behind the range expansion of pine processionary moth. In France, the most abundant species in the T. pityocampa parasitoid complex were B. servadeii in Ré Island and Orléans (97.3 and 87.4 per cent, respectively), and Trichogramma sp. (99.7 per cent) in a newly colonized locality in Fréhel. Ooencyrtus pityocampae prevailed in three of four Bulgarian localities (72.1 per cent in Sandanski, 89.7 per cent in Maglizh and 65.7 per cent in Sladak kladenets), whereas B. servadeii was the most abundant in Gega (75.4 per cent). Mortality of B. servadeii and O. pityocampae caused by the hyperparasitoid B. transversalis amounted to 4.8–6.2 per cent. The impact of predators on the pine processionary moth in the egg stage was negligible at most sites, reaching 12.5 per cent in only one site (Maglizh).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Georgi Georgiev) 09 Oct 2023
https://hal.science/hal-03123290v1
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[hal-03533022] Plasticity of feeding behaviour traits in response to production environment (temperate vs. tropical) in group-housed growing pigs
Heat stress affects pig metabolism, health and welfare, resulting in reduced growth and important economic losses. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of two climatic environments [temperate (TEMP) vs. tropical humid (TROP)] on feeding behaviour in growing pigs. The feeding behaviour traits were measured with automated feeders and included: daily feed intake, daily eating time, feeding rate, daily number of meals, feed intake per meal, and feeding time per meal. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW, heat sensitive) and Creole (CR, heat tolerant) pigs. The same 10 F1 LW × CR boars (sire families [SF]) were mated with related LW sows in each environment. Feeding behaviour was recorded for a total of 1,296 pigs (n = 634 pigs for TEMP and n = 662 pigs for TROP) between 11 and 23 weeks of age. Growth performance and thermoregulatory responses (rectal and skin temperatures) were also measured. Results show that TROP conditions affect feeding behaviour traits: animals had more meals per day but these meals were smaller both in duration and in size, resulting in lower daily feed intake and less time eating per day. Significant SF by environment (GxE) interactions were found for all feeding behaviour traits. When SF were distributed into robust and sensitive groups (previously defined according to performance and thermoregulatory traits), results showed group by environment interactions for all feeding traits, except meal frequency. Moreover, a significant difference in feeding rate between robust and sensitive group was detected in TEMP, suggesting that feeding rate may be a good candidate to evaluate heat tolerance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nausicaa Poullet) 25 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03533022v1
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[anses-05006491] Avis relatif à "la catégorisation de Euplatypus parallelus
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, à priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868 Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 26 Mar 2025
https://anses.hal.science/anses-05006491v1
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[hal-01578870] Méthodes de lutte alternatives à l'épandage aérien de produits phytosanitaires contre les processionnaires du pin et du chêne en conditions urbaines
Contexte : Les chenilles processionnaires sont des insectes défoliateurs que l’on rencontre dans les populations de pins et de chênes et sont les formes larvaires de deux types de lépidoptères : Thaumetopoea pityocampa pour la processionnaire du pin et Thaumetopoea processionea pour la processionnaire du chêne. Leurs pullulations périodiques sont connues dans différentes régions, essentiellement le pourtour méditerranéen et la façade atlantique jusqu’au Pyrénées-Orientales pour la processionnaire du pin, et les régions d’Alsace, de Bourgogne, d’Ile-de-France, du Centre, de Poitou-Charentes et de Midi-Pyrénées pour la processionnaire du chêne. Les chenilles processionnaires de pin et du chêne sont responsables d’une dermite (appelée érucisme) en lien avec les poils urticants et allergisants qui recouvrent leur corps. A l’automne 2011, les professionnels de la forêt privée ont déposé auprès de l’Agence régionale de la santé (ARS) d’Aquitaine des dossiers de demande de traitements par voie aérienne des chenilles processionnaire du pin pour des motifs de protection de la santé publique. Ces demandes concernaient essentiellement des zones urbanisées. L’arrêté du 31 mai 2011 relatif aux conditions d’épandage des produits mentionnés à l’article L. 253-1 de code rural de la pêche maritime par voie aérienne prévoit cependant le respect d’une distance minimale de sécurité de 50 mètres vis-à-vis des habitations et jardins. Les traitements, qui doivent être mis en oeuvre à l’automne, n’ont donc pas été effectués en Aquitaine par voie aérienne en 2011. Dans ces conditions se pose la question des solutions alternatives qui seraient à mettre en oeuvre à l’avenir pour lutter contre les chenilles processionnaires du pin et du chêne dans les zones urbanisées, tant en Aquitaine que dans les autres régions concernées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Robert Delorme) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578870v1
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[hal-01577510] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour les Lethal yellowing type syndromes (LYTS)
La Direction Générale de l’Alimentation du ministère en charge de l’agriculture a saisi l’Anses en vue de la réalisation d’une évaluation du risque simplifiée (ERS) des LYTS. Ce travail a pour but notamment d’évaluer le risque d’introduction et l’impact économique des LYTS dans la zone ARP. La zone ARP à considérer comprend la Martinique, la Guadeloupe, la Guyane, la Réunion et Mayotte.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Michel Dollet) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577510v1
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[hal-03846951] A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe
Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arthur Fauviau) 10 Nov 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03846951v1
