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[hal-02627472] Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native species
Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pablo Gonzalez-Moreno) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627472v1
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[hal-02638263] Crossing frontiers in tackling pathways of biological Invasions
Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, and major frontiers in research and management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints, and discuss major challenges in four broad fields of pathway research and management: pathway classification, application of pathway information, management response, and management impact. We present approaches to describe and quantify pathway attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies of introduction effort, environmental and socioeconomic contexts) and how they interact with species traits and regional characteristics. We also provide recommendations for a research agenda with particular focus on emerging (or neglected) research questions and present new analytical tools in the context of pathway research and management.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02638263v1
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[hal-02637388] The EASIN Editorial Board: quality assurance, exchange and sharing of alien species information in Europe
The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) aims to facilitate the exploration of alien species information in Europe, and is recognized as the information system supporting European Union Member States in the implementation of the recently published Invasive Alien Species Regulation. In this paper, we present the role and activities of the EASIN Editorial Board (EB), which is responsible for the quality assurance, safeguarding and constant improvement of EASIN. The EB is supported by a web platform that facilitates online discussions about alien species. This platform creates a virtual community by providing a forum-like interface that is moderated by the EB Members but is freely accessible to the scientific community and the general public. It allows all registered users to make comments, raise questions and share experience and expertise on alien species in Europe. Moreover, it provides a means for exchanging opinions and solving disputes in a transparent way. The overall EB activity is commonly agreed upon procedures and standards.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Konstantinos Tsiamis) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02637388v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-04808746] How does microclimate affect canopy insect communities?
<div><p>How does microclimate affect canopy insects communities ? Material and methods Thermometers Hobo sensors 8 to 9 per tree 2 in the ground Study sites Vierzon and Orléans Forest type Oak stands</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaëlle Balvay) 28 Nov 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04808746v1
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[hal-02799280] Climate Warming and Past and Present Distribution of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.) in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa
Pine processionary moth, Thaumetopea pityocampa, is a model insect indicator of global warming, the northwards and upwards range expansion of this Mediterranean species being directly associated with the recent warming up. The knowledge about the drivers of moth expansion is synthesized. A first standardized mapping of the northern expansion edge, from Western Europe to Turkey, is presented, then detailed for 20 countries of Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, including future trends. Additional data about the responses of the other Thaumetopoea species are given. Finally, the chapter points out the importance of the man-mediated introductions in the expansion process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799280v1
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[hal-02659519] Systematics of the Dioryctria abietella species group (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) based on mitochondrial DNA
Coneworms of the genus Dioryctria Zeller include a number of serious pests of conifer seeds that are notoriously difficult to distinguish as species. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA variation within the abietella species group by sequencing 451 bp of COI and 572 bp of COII genes from 64 individuals of 6 major species in the group. In addition to examining phylogenetic relationships within European members of the group, the study focused on the two most damaging species, D. abietivorella Grote from North America and D. abietella Denis and Schiffermüller from Europe and Asia, which have been considered taxonomically synonymous in the past. In order to detect different levels of divergence, we extensively sampled in seed orchards and natural forests for D. abietella on different hosts. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses confirmed the monophyly of the abietella species group and its separation into three clades. The grouping of North American species (Clade A) received strong support in both analyses, whereas relationships between Clade A and the two other European clades were weakly supported. D. simplicella Heinemann could not be unambiguously separated from D. abietella populations. The diverse haplotypes observed in the network analysis conducted with eight populations of polyphagous D. abietella suggested the presence of two distinct lineages in France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Géraldine Roux-Morabito) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659519v1
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[hal-02697376] Consequences of rapeseed glucosinolate ingestion on the respiratory activity of fat body and isolated fat body mitochondria of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae (Coleoptera : Tenebrioidae)
We have investigated die consequences of ingestion of naturally occurring glucosinolates in rapeseed meal on the respiratory activity of the larval fat body of yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. Glucosinolate feeding caused. a large decrease of oxygen uptake by the fat bodies. The maximal decrease (61.9%), compared with the control larvae fed on wheat, was observed after feeding on Bienvenu rapeseed meal, which contains the highest relative concentration of glucosinolates. The same large reduction of oxygen uptake was observed in mitochondria isolated from fat body cells. In the fat bodies of the 3 groups of fed larvae, we observed few structural modifications, but under starving conditions the fat body cells contained numerous large vacuoles. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was not particularly affected, except in fasting larvae, where mitochondria became filamentous.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pascale Pracros) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02697376v1
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[hal-02687210] Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)
Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested. Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations. Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding pro rams to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernadette Julier) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02687210v1
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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 17 Jul 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[hal-05117257] Approches en développement : prospectives sur la détection précoce
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 17 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05117257v1
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[hal-05042678] Invasion et expansion d'insectes bioagresseurs forestiers.
Occupant près d’un tiers du territoire de la France métropolitaine, les forêts représentent un enjeu important pour la production de bois et la préservation des écosystèmes faiblement anthropisés. Elles sont devenues un levier fort dans les politiques publiques pour stocker le carbone et atténuer les effets du changement climatique. Leur santé est donc un élément majeur à prendre en compte à l’heure où les forêts subissent des conditions climatiques difficiles propices aux insectes bioagresseurs indigènes et exotiques. Cet ouvrage présente les différents facteurs impliqués dans les déplacements de ces insectes, et illustre l’impact du changement climatique, de l’intensification des échanges commerciaux et des changements des essences avec des cas d’étude bien documentés. Il décrit les approches génériques et innovantes pour la surveillance, l’évaluation des risques et la gestion, et s’élargit aux risques multiples auxquels les forêts font face. Soixante auteurs de différentes disciplines nous aident ainsi à comprendre la dynamique spatio-temporelle des insectes bioagresseurs et à mieux connaître les moyens de surveillance et de gestion. L’ouvrage est destiné principalement à l’enseignement supérieur, aux scientifiques, aux ingénieurs et aux gestionnaires forestiers.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 09 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05042678v1
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[hal-04871434] Tracking the North American Asian Longhorned Beetle Invasion With Genomics
Biological invasions pose significant threats to ecological and economic stability, with invasive pests like the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, ALB) causing substantial damage to forest ecosystems. Effective pest management relies on comprehensive knowledge of the insect's biology and invasion history. This study uses genomics to address these knowledge gaps and inform existing biosurveillance frameworks. We used 2768 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to compare invasive A. glabripennis populations in North America, using genomic variation to trace their sources of invasion and spread patterns, thereby refining our understanding of this species' invasion history. We found that most North American A. glabripennis infestations were distinct, resulting from multiple independent introductions from the native range. Following their introduction, all invasive populations experienced a genetic bottleneck which was followed by a population expansion, with a few also showing secondary spread to satellite infestations. Our study provides a foundation for a genome-based biosurveillance tool that can be used to clarify the origin of intercepted individuals, allowing regulatory agencies to strengthen biosecurity measures against this invasive beetle.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 07 Jan 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04871434v1
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[anses-04718536] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Amasa parviseta »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 02 Oct 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04718536v1
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[hal-04664072] Chapitre 2. Les bio-invasions d'insectes
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 29 Jul 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04664072v1
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[tel-04622319] Approches génomiques pour la biodétection d'insectes invasifs forestiers
Les invasions biologiques, en particulier celles d'insectes xylophages comme les Cérambycides, sont en constante augmentation, principalement en raison du changement climatique et de l'intensification des échanges commerciaux. Ces insectes, transportés principalement par le commerce international du bois, s'établissent dans de nouveaux écosystèmes dans lesquels ils n'ont pas forcément d'ennemis naturels. Une fois établis, ils peuvent causer des dégâts considérables aux forêts et aux zones urbanisées, menaçant ainsi la biodiversité, l'économie et la santé des écosystèmes. Ces invasions nécessitent donc une surveillance et une gestion rigoureuses pour prévenir et atténuer leurs impacts dévastateurs.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a pour objectifs principaux : (i) évaluer l'efficacité du métabarcoding, une méthode permettant d'identifier simultanément et rapidement plusieurs espèces d'insectes collectées dans un même piège, en utilisant le séquenceur MinION d'Oxford Nanopore®. Ce séquenceur présente l'avantage d'être portatif et peu couteux, le rendant ainsi plus accessible que les technologies concurrentes. (ii) Créer une librairie de référence de codes-barres moléculaires pour les Cerambycides européens afin de fournir à la communauté scientifique une base de données pour effectuer des analyses fiables d'identification basées sur l'ADN. (iii) Étudier la structure génétique des populations invasives d'une espèce exotique introduit dans le bassin méditerranéen (Xylotrechus stebbingi) afin de mieux comprendre sa dynamique d'invasion de cet insecte originaire d'Asie.Concernant le premier objectif de cette thèse, nos résultats ont montré que le séquenceur MinION d'Oxford Nanopore® était performant pour la détection et l'identification rapide d'espèces invasives, par comparaison aux technologies de séquençage Illumina® et IonTorrent. Nos résultats montrent également que la méthode de piégeage et de préservation des échantillons dans les pièges est un prérequis essentiel qui conditionne la détection fiable des espèces présentes dans les échantillons. En ce qui concerne le deuxième chapitre, nous avons pu assembler 2928 séquences de codes-barres ADN pour 147 espèces de cérambycidés, soit plus de 79% des 185 espèces capturées en Europe à l'aide de pièges multi-phéromonaux. Cette nouvelle base de données pourrait être utilisée pour identifier avec précision le contenu des pièges multi-phéromonaux déployés en Europe lors d'analyses de codes-barres ou de métabarcodes. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre de cette thèse, nous avons mis en évidence que l'invasion du xylophage Xylotrechus stebbingi dans le bassin méditerranéen résultait d'une série d'introductions multiples, probablement en lien avec les échanges commerciaux maritimes plutôt qu'à une unique introduction qui se serait propagée au fil du temps. Ces résultats impliquent que cette espèce, hautement polyphage et à fort potentiel invasif, risque d'envahir de nouvelles régions du monde (en dehors du bassin méditerranéen) dans les prochaines années via le transport maritime. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire de rester vigilant dans les zones portuaires afin de limiter au maximum la propagation de cet insecte.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïs Veillat) 24 Jun 2024
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04622319v1
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[anses-04608634] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Euplatypus hintzi »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL1 en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF2. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères ravageurs des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 11 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04608634v1
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[hal-04498528] Dataset documenting prevalence and counts of pine processionary moth tents on local host trees in 3 regions of France with different climatic environments
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a defoliating lepidopter that develops during winter. The larvae are gregarious and bear urticating setae that are harmful to humans and vertebrates. They shelter in conspicuous silk tents that are easy to detect. We here present a dataset comprising tree characterization and tent counts from 3 agglomerations in France located in regions with different climatic environments. The studied trees belong to various conifer species that are potential hosts for the caterpillars. In each site, we defined clusters as one target tree and its 10–62 nearest neighbors, and surveyed each tree within the clusters by informing: tree species, coordinates, size, number of tents. We characterized a total of 3690 trees, including 2009 trees in Orléans (grouped in 68 clusters), 359 trees in La Baule (18 clusters) and 1322 trees in Montpellier (52 clusters). We provide the raw data characterizing each individual tree, graphs showing the prevalence and mean number of tents for the tree species included in the survey, and maps allowing to locate each tree. This dataset brings information about host preference of the pine processionary moth and will be useful as a baseline to study spatio-temporal variability of host-insect relationships. It can also be informative for decision-makers and managers of urban greenings to avoid trees that are likely to be heavily infested for plantation in proximity to vulnerable people.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhué) 11 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04498528v1
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[tel-04368466] Structure génétique et modélisation de la distribution des populations de deux espèces invasives de Xylosandrus (Scolytinae - Xyleborini) : deux espèces proches aux histoires d’invasion différentes
Xylosandrus compactus et X. crassiusculus sont deux scolytes originaires d’Asie du Sud-Est et invasifs sur plusieurs continents, dont la biologie et l’écologie atypiques favorisent l’invasion. Une approche pluridisciplinaire a été utilisée au cours de cette thèse afin (i) d’identifier l’origine des populations invasives et leurs routes d’invasion, et (ii) de déterminer les zones dans lesquelles elles pourraient s'étendre et s’établir. Les routes d’invasion ont été retracées à l’aide d’un marqueur mitochondrial et de marqueurs génomiques, et les zones favorables à l’établissement de chaque espèce ont été déterminées à l’aide de modèles de distribution d’espèces (SDM). Malgré leur proximité écologique et phylogénétique, les deux espèces ont une histoire d’invasion différente. Deux lignées ont été identifiées chez X. compactus, l’une originaire d’Inde ou du Vietnam ayant envahi l’Afrique et l’autre originaire de la région de Shanghai et ayant envahi indépendamment les Amériques et les îles du Pacifique, puis l’Europe. X. crassiusculus est composé de deux clusters très divergents, majoritairement allopatriques et possédant des niches écologiques différentes. Le cluster 1 a envahi indépendamment les îles du Pacifique et l’Afrique. Le cluster 2 est responsable de l’invasion en Amérique, en Europe, en Afrique et en Océanie, avec plusieurs invasions indépendantes de multiples origines (dont des événements dits "tête de pont") suivies de dispersion intra-continentale. Les SDM ont montré pour les deux espèces l’existence de zones favorables où elles ne sont pas encore présentes et qui sont donc susceptibles d’être envahies secondairement. Nous anticipons également un impact du changement climatique sur leurs potentielles distributions futures. A l'inverse, l'évolution récente du climat n'est pas responsable de l'invasion récente de l'Europe, ce continent étant favorable depuis plusieurs décennies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 01 Jan 2024
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04368466v1
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[anses-04353534] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Xylotrechus chinensis »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marchés d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi (Gahan, 1906) ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 19 Dec 2023
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04353534v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
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[hal-03609676] A first inference of the phylogeography of the worldwide invader Xylosandrus compactus
Native to Southeastern Asia, the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus is invasive worldwide. Its invasion is favoured by its cryptic lifestyle, symbiosis with a fungus that facilitates a broad range of host plants, and predominant sib-mating reproduction. X. compactus invaded Africa more than a century ago and the Americas and Pacific Islands in the middle of the twentieth century. It was not detected in Europe before 2011, when it was first reported in Italy before quickly spreading to France, Greece and Spain. Despite the negative environmental, agricultural and economic consequences of the invasion of X. compactus, its invasion history and main pathways remain poorly documented. We used COI and RAD sequencing to (i) characterise the worldwide genetic structure of the species, (ii) disentangle the origin(s) of the non-native populations on the three invaded continents and (iii) analyse the genetic diversity and pathways within each invaded region. Three mitochondrial lineages were identified in the native range. Populations invading Europe and the American-Pacific region originated from the first lineage and were only slightly genetically differentiated at nuclear SNP markers, suggesting independent introductions from close sources in or near Shanghai, ca. 60 years apart. Populations invading Africa originated from the second lineage, likely from India or Vietnam.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 06 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03609676v1
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[hal-04171626] Past, present and future potential geographical distribution of Xylosandrus crassiusculus in Europe
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171626v1
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[hal-04171596] Dynamique d’expansion d’une population introduite de Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) en France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 31 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171596v1
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[hal-04171739] Les scolytes du genre Xylosandrus à la conquête de l'Europe
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171739v1
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[hal-03686721] Patterns of expansion of pine processionary moth at the northern edge of its distributional range
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686721v1
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[hal-03686725] Genetic Patterns In The Range Expansion Of Pine Processionary Moth In Northern France
Several studies have showed how climate change is affecting both distributional range and phenology of numerous insect species. Range expansion of different insect pests can be enhanced by human mediated dispersal with the settlement of new suitable areas far from the native range In particular, inter- and intra- continental ornamental plant trade seems to play a key role in the dispersal. The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is one of the main pest attacking pine forests in southern Europe This species showed in the last decades a range expansion due to the recent climate changes. The spread of the moth seems to be also enhanced by both accidental human transportation linked to ornamental tree trade, and host tree distribution outside forests. In this study we analyzed the genetic variability of pine processionary moth populations in the front expansion edge as well as in other areas of the native range, using 24 microsatellite loci. The main expansion patterns were outlined in relation to the host plant distribution and other environmental factors.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686725v1
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[hal-03686556] Rôle du commerce ornemental dans l'introduction, l'établissement et la propagation des insectes invasifs
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686556v1
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[hal-03686465] Contraintes thermiques stade-spécifiques et interrelation entre réponses phénologiques et distributionnelles au changement climatique
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03686465v1
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[hal-03366792] Preventing invasions of Asian longhorn beetle and citrus longhorn beetle: are we on the right track?
Two Asian longhorn beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis, are among the most serious alien invasive species attacking forest and urban trees, both in North America and Europe. Major efforts have been put into preventing further entry and establishment of the two species as well as promoting their successful eradication. Here, we review these efforts, their progress and outcome, and scientific advancements in monitoring and control methods. The combined international activities and harmonizing legislative changes in detection and eradication methods have proven worthwhile, with more than 45% of eradication programmes successful in the last 12 years. Some countries were able to completely eradicate all populations and others managed to reduce the area affected. Although the costs of the eradication programmes can be very high, the benefits outweigh inaction. Attempts to eradicate A. chinensis have been more challenging in comparison with those targeting A. glabripennis. For both species, efforts are hampered by the ongoing arrival of new beetles, both from their native regions in Asia and from other invaded regions via bridgehead effects. The methods used for eradication have not changed much during the last decade, and host removal is still the method most commonly used. On the other hand, detection methods have diversified during the last decade with advances in semiochemical research and use of detection dogs. The next decade will determine if eradications continue to be successful, particularly in the case of A. chinensis, which has been targeted in some countries for containment instead of eradication. Key Message: • Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are invasive wood borers native to Asia • Both species are serious pests in their invaded range, attacking healthy forest and urban trees • We analyse data from 2008–2020, regarding interceptions, establishments and eradications • In Europe and North America more than 45% of eradication programmes were successful • Innovations on management strategies and recent scientific achievements are reviewed
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sofia Branco) 05 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03366792v1
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[hal-03232080] Climate change impact on the potential geographical distribution of two invading Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles
Xylosandrus compactus and X. crassiusculus are two polyphagous ambrosia beetles originating from Asia and invasive in circumtropical regions worldwide. Both species were recently reported in Italy and further invaded several other European countries in the following years. We used the MaxEnt algorithm to estimate the suitable areas worldwide for both species under the current climate. We also made future projections for years 2050 and 2070 using 11 different General Circulation Models, for 4 Representative Concentration Pathways (2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5). Our analyses showed that X. compactus has not been reported in all potentially suitable areas yet. Its current distribution in Europe is localised, whereas our results predicted that most of the periphery of the Mediterranean Sea and most of the Atlantic coast of France could be suitable. Outside Europe, our results also predicted Central America, all islands in Southeast Asia and some Oceanian coasts as suitable. Even though our results when modelling its potential distribution under future climates were more variable, the models predicted an increase in suitability poleward and more uncertainty in the circumtropical regions. For X. crassiusculus , the same method only yielded poor results, and the models thus could not be used for predictions. We discuss here these results and propose advice about risk prevention and invasion management of both species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 25 May 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03232080v1
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[hal-03211695] DNA barcoding for bio-surveillance of emerging pests and species identification in Afrotropical Prioninae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
DNA barcoding has been succesfully used for bio-surveillance of forest and agricultural pests in temperate areas, but has few applications in the tropics and particulary in Africa. Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Prioninae species that is locally causing extensive damage in commercially-grown sugarcane in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Due to the risk of spread of this species to the rest of southern Africa and to other sugarcane growing regions, clear and easy identification of this pest is critical for monitoring and for phytosanitary services. The genus Cacosceles Newman, 1838 includes four species, most being very similar in morphology. The damaging stage of the species is the larva, which is inherently difficult to distinguish morphologically from other Cerambycidae species. A tool for rapid and reliable identification of this species was needed by plant protection and quarantine agencies to monitor its potential abundance and spread. Here, we provide newly-generated barcodes for C. newmannii that can be used to reliably identify any life stage, even by non-trained taxonomists. In addition, we compiled a curated DNA barcoding reference library for 70 specimens of 20 named species of Afrotropical Prioninae to evaluate DNA barcoding as a valid tool to identify them. We also assessed the level of deeply conspecific mitochondrial lineages. Sequences were assigned to 42 different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 28 of which were new to BOLD. Out of the 20 named species barcoded, 11 (52.4%) had their own unique Barcode Index Number (BIN). Eight species (38.1%) showed multiple BINs with no morphological differentiation. Amongst them, C. newmannii showed two highly divergent genetic clusters which co-occur sympatrically, but further investigation is required to test whether they could represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 29 Apr 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03211695v1
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[hal-02370066] The rapid spread of Leptoglossus occidentalis in Europe: a bridgehead invasion
Retracing the routes of invasions and determining the origins of invading species is often critical in understanding biological invasions. The Western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, an insect native of western North America, was first accidentally introduced to eastern North America and then to Europe. The colonization of the entire European continent occurred in ca. 10–15 years, probably promoted by independent introductions in different parts of Europe. A multi-marker approach (mtDNA and microsatellites) combined with approximate Bayesian computation analyses was used to track the origin of European populations and to determine whether this rapid invasion was caused by multiple introductions. Our results show that at least two independent introductions of L. occidentalis have occurred in Europe. Moreover, the analyses showed a stronger genetic similarity of European invasive populations with the eastern North American populations than with those of the native range, suggesting that invasive North American population acted as a bridgehead for European invasion. The results also revealed that natural dispersal as well as human-mediated transportations as hitchhikers probably enhanced the rapid spread of this invasive pest across Europe. This study illustrates the complexity of a rapid invasion and confirms that bridgehead and multiple introductions have serious implications for the success of invasion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Lesieur) 15 Sep 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02370066v1
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[hal-02833564] Moraceae, Ficus, and associated fauna
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ambroise Dalecky) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02833564v1
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[hal-02823399] Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe
This book provides the first comprehensive review of the fauna of alien terrestrial arthropods that have colonized the European continent and its associated islands. Directly ensuing from the DAISIE proiect, this is the result of the joint work of 89 authors from 27 different European countries. The book summarizes present knowledge of the arthropod invasion process, from temporal trends and biogeographic patterns, to pathways and vectors, invaded habitats, and ecological and economical impacts. A total of 1590 species alien to Europe, including crustaceans, myriapods, mites, spiders, and insects, are listed in two volumes and 21 separate chapters that detail the different taxonomic groups. For each species, all key information - feeding regime, date and country of first record in Europe, invaded countries, invaded habitats, plant or animal host - is supplied. More detailed factsheets are provided for the 80 species considered to be most representative of the different pathways of introduction and of the diversity of impacts on ecosystems, economic activities and human and animal health.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02823399v1
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[hal-02821207] Diptera. Chapter 10
Of the 19,400 native species and 125 families forming the European diptera fauna, 98 species (less than 0.5%) in 22 families are alien to Europe. These aliens constitute 66 species (18 families) of the suborder Brachycera and 32 species (4 families) of the suborder Nematocera. By family in this category, there are 23 Cecidomyiidae species, 18 Drosophilidae, nine Phoridae, eight Tachinidae and seven Culicidae. Another 32 fly species belonging to five families are considered to be alien in Europe. These invasives native to other European countries are composed of 14 species of Cecidomyiidae, seven Syrphidae, five Culicidae and three species each of Anthomyiidae and Tephritidae. The date of the first record in Europe is known for 84 alien species. Arrivals of alien species of Diptera have accelerated rapidly since the second half of the 20th century. North America appears to be the dominant contributor of the alien flies. The majority of alien Diptera were introduced into or within Europe unintentionally, with only three predators released intentionally for biological control. Alien Diptera are predominantly phytophagous (35.6%), while a lesser portion are zoophagous (28.6%) or detrivorous/mycetophagous (29.6%). Ecological impacts on native fauna and flora have not been documented for any of the alien species established in Europe. However, 14 alien species have economic impacts on crops.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marcela Skuhrava) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02821207v1
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[hal-02821718] La santé des Forêts - Maladies, insectes, accidents climatiques... Diagnostic et prévention
Les forêts souffrent régulièrement de perturbations consécutives aux tempêtes, insectes ou divers pathogènes. Il s'y ajoute aujourd'hui les menaces liées aux changements climatiques et aux parasites nouvellement introduits. L'amateur de nature trouvera ici un panorama complet des causes de dommages décrites et resituées dans le contexte fascinant de l'écosystème forestier. Grâce à cet ouvrage – unique synthèse en langue française traitant de tous les aspects liés à la santé des forêts – le sylviculteur pourra diagnostiquer les risques potentiels pour l'avenir de sa forêt et les analyser pour mieux limiter leurs effets par une gestion appropriée. Accessible à tous, rédigé par les meilleurs spécialistes et bénéficiant d'une iconographie exceptionnelle et originale (plus de 1 000 photos, graphiques, tableaux, dessins au trait, clés de diagnostic, fiches d'identification...), il deviendra vite l'outil indispensable pour comprendre et préserver le milieu forestier. <strong>Sommaire</strong> [u][/u]: • CHAPITRE 1 : Équilibre des écosystèmes et santé des forêts • CHAPITRE 2 : Les causes abiotiques de dommages • CHAPITRE 3 : Les agents pathogènes • CHAPITRE 4 : Les insectes « ravageurs » • CHAPITRE 5 : L'homme, les mammifères et les oiseaux • CHAPITRE 6 : Les dépérissements • CHAPITRE 7 : Le suivi de la santé des forêts • CHAPITRE 8 : Les outils de diagnostic • CHAPITRE 9 : Fiches pratiques • Appendices
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Louis-Michel Nageleisen) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02821718v1
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[hal-02821237] Hymenoptera
We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids that were mostly introduced for biological control purposes. Only 35 phytophagous species, 47 predator species and 3 species of pollinators have been introduced. Six families of wasps (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Torymidae, Pteromalidae) represent together with ants (Formicidae) about 80% of the alien Hymenoptera introduced to Europe. The three most diverse families are Aphelinidae (60 species representing 32% of the Aphelinid European fauna), Encyrtidae (55) and Formicidae (42) while the Chalcidoidea together represents 2/3 of the total Hymenoptera species introduced to Europe. The first two families are associated with mealybugs, a group that also included numerous aliens to Europe. In addition, they are numerous cases of Hymenoptera introduced from one part of Europe to another, especially from continental Europe to British Islands. These introductions mostly concerned phytophagous or gall-maker species (76 %), less frequently parasitoids. The number of new records of alien Hymenoptera per year has shown an exponential increase during the last 200 years. The number of alien species introduced by year reached a maximum of 5 species per year between 1975 and 2000. North America provided the greatest part of the hymenopteran species alien to Europe (96 species, 35.3%), followed by Asia (84 species, 30.9%) and Africa (49 species, 18%). Three Mediterranean countries (only continental parts) hosted the largest number of alien Hymenoptera: Italy (144 spp.), France (111 spp.) and Spain (90 spp.) but no correlation was found with the area of countries. Intentional introduction, mostly for biological control, has been the main pathway of introduction for Hymenoptera. Consequently, the most invaded habitats are agricultural and horticultural as well as greenhouses. To the contrary, Hymenoptera alien in Europe are mostly associated with woodland and forest habitats. Ecological and economic impacts of alien Hymenoptera have been poorly studied. Ants have probably displaced native species and this is also true for introduced parasitoids that are suspected to displace native parasitoids by competition, but reliable examples are still scarce. The cost of these impacts has never been estimated.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean Yves Rasplus) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02821237v1
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[hal-02818563] Study of the mechanism of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3A toxin in a natural population of the leaf beetle, Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Manuella van Munster) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02818563v1
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[hal-02817584] Dictyoptera (Blattodea, Isoptera), Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera
For convenience, we treat all “polyneopteran” orders together. Five orders of hemimetabolous “Polyneoptera” include species alien to Europe, namely Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera. A total of 37 species alien to Europe have been recorded. Th ese belong to 14 diff erent families. Most of these species show a detritivorous feeding regime (22 spp.), whereas 12 species are phytophagous and two are predators. Th e majority of species were fi rst observed between 1900 and 1975. Unlike other arthropod groups, the mean number of polyneopteran species newly recorded per year showed no acceleration since 1975. Th e alien “Polyneoptera” mostly originated from Central/ South America and Asia (10 species each, 27.0%), followed by Africa (7, 18.9%). Germany hosts the largest number of alien Polyneoptera (15 spp.), followed by Denmark (14), Spain (11) and France (10). All but one alien species represent unintentional introductions. More than 75% of the species are associated with artifi cial habitats (houses, buildings and greenhouses) and cultivated areas. Blattodea and Isoptera have huge economic and/ or medical importance. Th e cost of treatments and sanitary measures against termites and cockroaches, in particular, is signifi cant in Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean Yves Rasplus) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02817584v1
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[hal-02813484] Tâche 8 : Biomes forêts : filière bois et fibres. Livrable : Forêt Tempérée
Les impacts des changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes ont historiquement été mis en évidence en premier lieu sur les forêts tempérées, en particulier en France où des modifications de fonctionnement à long terme ont été établies. Les impacts sont les fonctionnements et dysfonctionnements, sur le déterminisme des flux et bilan de carbone et quelques interactions hôte-bio agresseurs ont été quantifiés, mais sont encore imparfaitement modélisés. Si les enjeux varient entre les forêts de production ou sous contraintes (montagne, méditerranéenne ou ripisylves), les verrous à lever n’ont pas été distingués. Pour l’adaptation des écosystèmes forestiers, des lacunes de connaissances ont été identifiées sur les couplages entre processus et fonctions clés (allocation, reproduction compétition, mortalité) et leur modulation sous interactions de contraintes (eau, température, CO2, ozone, azote), à des pas de temps courts et longs, sur les interactions biologiques (arbre, champignons, insectes et ennemis naturel), et ceci à différentes échelles spatiales. Sur le plan génétique, des lacunes ont été listées en particulier sur les traits fonctionnels à caractères adaptatifs et pouvant intervenir dans la vulnérabilité aux contraintes futures, aussi bien en intra- qu’en interspécifique. Les priorités de recherches proposées concernent : 1) la caractérisation et cartographie de la vulnérabilité, 2) l’amélioration de nos capacités de prédiction à long terme dans les modèles à bases fonctionnelles ou génériques de dynamique de peuplements, 3), l’adaptation de la gestion et de la filière en développant des outils d’aide à la décision politique et gestion, 4) la transformation des peuplements (substitution ou introduction d’essences) et la filière forêt bois. Ces recherches seront à conduire de manière prioritaire dans les fronts d’expansion (colonisateurs) ou de régressions d’aires, les zones tampons entre biomes (forêt-agriculture, ripisylves). Des options d’adaptation de la gestion seront confrontées à des réticences sociologiques et à des incohérences réglementaires qu’il faudra faire évoluer. Des outils d’évaluation économique devront également accompagner des stratégies d’adaptation pour les raisonner à long terme, en particulier en distinguant les chocs mous (dépérissements, réduction de productivité) ou durs (tempêtes).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nathalie Bréda) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02813484v1
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[hal-02808245] PCLIM- Réseau multidisciplinaire Euro-Méditerranéen de recherches sur la réponse adaptative au changement climatique des processionnaires et de leurs organismes associés
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02808245v1
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[hal-01209971] R-SYST network : a French consortium for barcoding and species identification
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Agnes Bouchez) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01209971v1
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[hal-02798025] Modeling the Spatio-temporal Dynamics of the Pine Processionary Moth
This chapter summarizes several modeling studies conducted on the pine processionary moth range expansion in a spatio-temporally heterogeneous environment. These studies provide new approaches for analyzing and modeling range expansions and contribute to a better understanding of the effects of a wide variety of factors on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the pine processionary moth. These dynamics mostly depend on the dispersal, survival and reproduction characteristics of the species, and these characteristics fluctuate in time and space, depending on environmental and biological factors
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lionel Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02798025v1
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[hal-02796032] Expansion of Pine Processionary Moth and Parasitoid responses
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charles-Edouard Imbert) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02796032v1
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[hal-02792799] Pourquoi prendre en compte les changements de phénologie chez les insectes? Recherches et perspectives dans le cas de la processionnaire du pin
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02792799v1
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[hal-02790639] Using population genetics and genomic approaches to decipher the recent history of forest pest insects and improve management strategies
In the last decades, population genetics has proved to be a powerful tool to study differentiation and divergence of species at different spatial and temporal scales. Classical molecular markers, mostly mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci, were successfully used to characterize the natural structure of populations, to identify the environmental factors favouring or impeding gene flow, and to understand the driving forces of genetic differentiation. In the context of current global changes, population genetics was also used to disentangle the demographic processes during invasions and expansions and to characterize dispersion patterns. These approaches have often highlighted the complexity and the sometimes counterintuitive nature of the on-going scenarios. The development of new model-based methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), allows quantitative inferences and the explicit comparison of alternative scenarios. The recent advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized the field of population genetics, and now allows the development of genome-wide approaches even in non-model organisms. These major improvements provide most powerful tools to analyse the evolution of both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity. Taking the pine processionary moth as a case example, we will illustrate how population genetics and genomics can be used in forest entomology and bring valuable answers regarding invasion and expansion processes. In particular, we could identify signs of both diffusive dispersal and long-range movements during the expansion of this species in France, which suggests man-aided movements possibly linked to host plant trade. We will also show how genomic markers (RAD-seq) were developed and allowed to deeply explore a case of recent allochronic differentiation in Portugal, which resulted in the occurrence of a phenologically-shifted and highly divergent population for which specific management strategies must be applied.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790639v1
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[hal-02789555] Understanding the origin of invasive populations of the pine processionary moth: a population genetic approach
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02789555v1
