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[hal-02626409] Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations
Until now, 20 species of leaf-mining micromoths of the genus Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) have been known to occur in the Neotropical region. Here we revise the previously known species and describe seven new species: four from French Guiana, P. kawakitai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. norak Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. ohshimai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. petronellii Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov.; and, three from Brazil, P. helios Brito & Moreira, sp. nov., P. jupiter Brito & Moreira, sp. nov. and P. xylopiella Brito & Becker, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for P. aurilinea Zeller, 1877; P. citrella Stainton, 1856; P. rotans and P. sexangula Meyrick, 1915. Detailed descriptions of the pattern of forewing fasciae are provided for all species. Host plant associations, photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia, when available, are provided for the described species of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. In addition, DNA barcodes were used for the delimitation of some species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rosangela Brito) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626409v1
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[hal-02625499] Systematics of Phyllocnistis leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on dogwood (Cornus spp.) in Northeast Asia, with the description of three new species
During an ongoing DNA-barcoding campaign of the leaf-mining moths that feed on woody plants in Northeast Asia, four lineages of the genus Phyllocnistis (Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae) were discovered on dogwood (Cornus spp): P. cornella Ermolaev, 1987 on C. controversa Hemsl. (Japan: Hokkaido) and three new species - one feeding on C. controversa, C. florida L. and C. macrophylla Wall. in Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), a second species on C. macrophylla in China (Yunnan) and a third on Siberian dogwood Cornus alba L. in Russia (Siberia). All these species showed differences in morphology, in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene and in two nuclear genes (histone H3 and 28S ribosomal RNA). No correlation was found between the deep mitochondrial splits observed and the Wolbachia infection pattern. Based on both morphological and molecular evidence, the three recently discovered lineages are described here as new species: P. indistincta Kobayashi & Triberti, sp. n. (Japan), P. saepta Kirichenko, Ohshima & Huang, sp. n. (China) and P. verae Kirichenko, Triberti & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. n. (Russia). In addition, the authors re-describe the adult morphology of P. cornella, provide the first record of this species from Japan and highlight the diagnostic characters that allow these Cornus-feeding Phyllocnistis species to be distinguished.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625499v1
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[hal-03655839] Molecular basis and evolution of gall-inducing in Caloptilia (Gracillariidae)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655839v1
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[hal-03655838] Estudio integrado del genero Vesperus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) y elaboración de una biblioteca de ADN de referencia
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Miguel Angel) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655838v1
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[hal-03655943] CLIMTREE: Quantifying changes in flying insect diversity and soil fauna along a gradient of climate induced forest decline using DNA metabarcoding
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655943v1
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[hal-03607573] R script for the potential spread of Vespa velutina in Europe. https://zenodo.org/record/1193663
https://zenodo.org/record/1193663 R script to simulate the potential spread of the yellow-legged hornet in Europe (notably in some islands) and the data needed to do these simulations. This study was conducted in the frame of the project "FRELON" (2012-2014), which was supported by a French regional grant of Region Centre (France)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 14 Mar 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03607573v1
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[hal-04236365] Biosurveillance et suivis des insectes avec les codes barres ADN
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236365v1
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[hal-03698341] Systematics of Slovenian Dahlica Enderlein, 1912, subgenus Brevantennia Sieder, 1953 (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
The subgenus Brevantennia Sieder, 1953 of the genus Dahlica Enderlein, 1912 (Psychidae: Dahlicini) is represented by a group of 10 bagworm moth species, distributed in southwest and southeast Europe northwards to the Alps and Carpathians. This study is a revision of the subgenus Brevantennia species occurring in Slovenia based on our own comprehensive field studies, DNA barcoding and morphological analysis. Dahlica (B.) santicensis (Sieder, 1957) is established as bona spec. and D. (B.) gorskikotarica Weidlich, 2015, syn. nov. is synonymised with D. (B.) santicensis. Both D. (B.) adriatica (Rebel, 1919) and D. (B.) triglavensis (Rebel, 1919) are confirmed to occur in Slovenia. D. (B.) styriaca (Meier, 1957) is excluded from the checklist of Slovenian Lepidoptera fauna.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jurij Rekelj) 17 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03698341v1
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[hal-04236256] Population genomics and niche modeling of the Alpine populations of Graellsia isabellae
Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) is an emblematic threatened Lepidoptera species, found in mountain ranges of Spain and Alps. This moth is potentially impacted by climate change and dieback of its main host plant Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Our study was focused on the French Alpine population, because of its isolation and low genetic diversity as shown in a previous analysis based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data. In order to better characterize the French population for conservation, a RADseq approach was used for 62 individuals, making it possible to obtain a large number of nuclear loci. The genetic variations analyzed (3,644 SNPs) confirm the strong isolation between the Pyrenean (n=8) and the Alpine (n=53) populations, but also reveal a sub-structure in the Alps. Basic genetic statistics also confirmed the low genetic diversity of the French population. To assess the environmental constraints affecting its distribution, a niche modeling approach was used, by incorporating climatic variables as well as the distribution of its host plant. This revealed that the potential distribution area is currently relatively limited. Projections of the evolution of its niche in the future, up to 2050, show a change in niche suitability that could have negative consequences for the survival of the French population and implications for the conservation strategy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Flora Lambert-Auger) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236256v1
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[hal-04186507] Caractérisation des communautés d'invertébrés des cavités d'arbres par génomique environnementale
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 23 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04186507v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
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[hal-01310179] Force balance in the take-off of a pierid butterfly: relative importance and timing of leg impulsion and aerodynamic forces
Up to now, the take-off stage has remained an elusive phase of insect flight that was relatively poorly explored compared with other maneuvers. An overall assessment of the different mechanisms involved in force production during take-off has never been explored. Focusing on the first downstroke, we have addressed this problem from a force balance perspective in butterflies taking off from the ground. In order to determine whether the sole aerodynamic wing force could explain the observed motion of the insect, we have firstly compared a simple analytical model of the wing force with the acceleration of the insect's center of mass estimated from video tracking of the wing and body motions. Secondly, wing kinematics were also used for numerical simulations of the aerodynamic flow field. Similar wing aerodynamic forces were obtained by the two methods. However, neither are sufficient, nor is the inclusion of the ground effect, to predict faithfully the body acceleration. We have to resort to the leg forces to obtain a model that best fits the data. We show that the median and hind legs display an active extension responsible for the initiation of the upward motion of the insect's body, occurring before the onset of the wing downstroke. We estimate that legs generate, at various times, an upward force that can be much larger than all other forces applied to the insect's body. The relative timing of leg and wing forces explains the large variability of trajectories observed during the maneuvers.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gaëlle Bimbard) 03 May 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01310179v1
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[hal-02608524] Five years study of consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (Loire river, France)
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands, along the Loire river are characterized by a multiple channel pattern, where natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands, secondary channels and alluvial bars. Within these islands, in september 2012, the vegetation of the central 3 ha sandy-gravelly bar was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. A new sandy-gravelly bar appeared in spring 2013, ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A multi-disciplinary research programme ('BioMareau'project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on biodiversity recolonization and on interactions and feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 16 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02608524v1
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[hal-02627594] Spread modelling: a suitable tool to explore the role of human-mediated dispersal in the range expansion of the yellow-legged hornet in Europe
Invasive species can spread locally on their own and can be introduced at long distance by humans. Here, we show how a spread model can be used to explore the role of humans in the range expansion of the invasive yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax, in Europe with a special focus on some islands. In 2017, the hornet distribution in France, southern Belgium, south-eastern Germany and northern Spain could largely be explained by the insect's own dispersal while the occurrence in Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands and Great Britain likely results from human-mediated dispersal. However, in the following years, it could spread to Portugal, Italy and Great Britain also by its own means. The yellow-legged hornet has likely reached the Channel Islands by its own flight but it could hardly reach the Mediterranean islands. Hence, the infestation in Majorca likely results from an accidental introduction. When simulating human-mediated dispersal in the Mediterranean islands, the hornet density would remain relatively low anyhow. Assessing the means of dispersal is important in terms of pest management as the target is either to reduce the spread rate and the population density, or to reduce the risk of entry.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627594v1
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[hal-01583805] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 07 Sep 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01583805v1
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[mnhn-05431499] À propos de Cilix hispanica : présence en Indre-et-Loire et façon de le reconnaître plus facilement sur le terrain (Lepidoptera Drepanidae Drepaninae)
La présence de Cilix hispanica est signalée pour la première fois dans le département de l’Indre-et-Loire. En outre, les auteurs dévoilent un caractère morphologique inédit permettant de différencier de manière certaine hispanica des formes claires de glaucata sans avoir recours à l’examen des genitalia ni des codes-barres ADN. Par ailleurs, l’holotype et les deux paratypes de Cilix algirica sont figurés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Lévêque) 25 Dec 2025
https://mnhn.hal.science/mnhn-05431499v1
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[hal-04758162] Isotrias hybridana (Hübner, [1817]) et Isotrias rectifasciana (Haworth, [1811]) sont une même espèce (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)
Des difficultés pour différencier les mâles d’Isotrias hybridana de ceux d’I. rectifasciana ont été rencontrées lors de l’inventaire des lépidoptères sur plusieurs sites d’Occitanie. Afin de résoudre ce problème, une série d’individus d’Isotrias a été analysée. L’analyse a pris en compte des critères de morphologie externe, de structures génitales et de séquences code-barre ADN. Les résultats de l’analyse morphologique indiquent que les deux taxons ne peuvent pas être distingués, non seulement pour les mâles mais également pour les femelles, car le critère habituellement utilisé pour les différencier n’est pas discriminant. Les codes-barres ADN disponibles à l’échelle européenne suggèrent aussi qu’il n’y a qu’une seule espèce.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gérard Labonne) 20 Dec 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04758162v1
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[hal-04186404] Mécatronique et deep learning au service de l’automatisation des suivis de biodiversité en forêt
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 23 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04186404v1
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[hal-05485107] From forest decline to salvage logging: cascading impacts on saproxylic beetle diversity
Understanding the cascading effects of forest decline on saproxylic communities is fundamental for optimizing the management of disturbed forests toward biodiversity conservation objectives. We postulated that the nature and intensity of cascading pathways would vary along decline gradients, encompassing stages from stand decline to mortality and subsequent salvage logging, as mediated by shifts in habitat conditions and resource availability. This study was conducted across three representative European forest contexts: fir forests in the French Pyrenees, spruce forests in the Bavarian Alps, and oak forests in the lowlands of the Loire Valley. Within these systems, we assessed how the taxonomic and functional α-diversity of saproxylic beetles responded to variations in both the diversity and density of deadwood and tree-related microhabitats (TreMs). Our analyses identified key cascading effects of stand decline and mortality that were shaped by the considered beetle guild and by the forest type, reflecting tree species–specific disturbance legacies. Stand decline and mortality produced distinct responses within saproxylic beetle assemblages, as different successional guilds preferentially utilized either dying or dead trees. The overall influence of decline processes was positive in conifer-dominated forests. TreMs played a central role in mediating cascading processes structuring saproxylic beetle communities throughout the forest decline continuum. The increase in TreM heterogeneity associated with stand decline or mortality enhanced saproxylic diversity, with exposed wood and trunk injuries identified as particularly influential microhabitats. Snags and large deadwood elements, especially in spruce forests, and deadwood diversity further contributed to sustaining high levels of beetle diversity. Conversely, salvage logging exerted detrimental effects on numerous guilds, primarily through reductions in TreM diversity, decreased TreM trait dispersion, and the depletion of saproxylic TreMs. Given the pronounced context dependency of the processes driving these cascading community dynamics, and considering the increasing frequency, severity, and spatial extent of forest disturbances and global forest decline, it is imperative to integrate this complexity into management and conservation frameworks. Addressing these mechanisms with greater precision will be critical for maintaining functional biodiversity within rapidly changing forest ecosystems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 30 Jan 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05485107v1
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[hal-05119119] Modélisation des capacités d'invasion et d'expansion de bioagresseurs forestiers
<div><p>La modélisation est un outil qui peut permettre, d'une part, de tester des hypothèses que l'on ne pourrait pas tester facilement sur le terrain dans le but de mieux comprendre le mécanisme en jeu, et, d'autre part, de faire des simulations et des prédictions. Dans le cadre des invasions biologiques, différents types de modèles ont été développés. Ils s'intéressent aux différentes étapes d'une invasion : l'arrivée d'une espèce invasive, son établissement et son expansion. Dans ce chapitre, nous présentons un modèle décrivant la probabilité d'entrée d'un bioagresseur forestier avec l'importation de bois, des modèles de distribution qui permettent d'identifier les territoires dans lesquels il pourrait s'établir, des modèles de dispersion, et des modèles d'expansion qui décrivent à la fois les capacités de dispersion, d'établissement et de croissance des populations. Enfin, nous terminons sur une approche plus prospective. En dehors de l'étape d'entrée, les autres types de modèles peuvent être appliqués aussi bien à des espèces exotiques envahissantes qu'à des espèces natives en expansion.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119119v1
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[hal-01606337] From east to west across the Palearctic: Phylogeography of the invasive lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and discovery of a putative new cryptic species in East Asia
Knowing the phylogeographic structure of invasive species is important for understanding the underlying processes of invasion. The micromoth Phyllonorycter issikii, whose larvae damage leaves of lime trees Tilia spp., was only known from East Asia. In the last three decades, it has been recorded in most of Europe, Western Russia and Siberia. We used the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region to compare the genetic variability of P. issikii populations between these different regions. Additionally, we sequenced two nuclear genes (28S rRNA and Histone 3) and run morphometric analysis of male genitalia to probe for the existence of cryptic species. The analysis of COI data of 377 insect specimens collected in 16 countries across the Palearctic revealed the presence of two different lineages: P. issikiiand a putative new cryptic Phyllonorycterspecies distributed in the Russian Far East and Japan. In P. issikii, we identified 31 haplotypes among which 23 were detected in the invaded area (Europe) and 10 were found in its putative native range in East Asia (Russian Far East, Japan, South Korea and China), with only two common haplotypes. The high number of haplotypes found in the invaded area suggest a possible scenario of multiple introductions. One haplotype H1 was dominant (119 individuals, 67.2%), not only throughout its expanding range in Europe and Siberia but, intriguingly, also in 96% of individuals originating from Japan. We detected eight unique haplotypes of P. issikii in East Asia. Five of them were exclusively found in the Russian Far East representing 95% of individuals from that area. The putative new cryptic Phyllonorycterspecies showed differences from P. issikii for the three studied genes. However, both species are morphologically undistinguishable. They occur in sympatry on the same host plants in Japan (Sendai) and the Russian Far East (Primorsky krai) without evidence of admixture.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 26 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01606337v1
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[hal-01606628] A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host-use evolution
Gracillariidae are one of the most diverse families of internally feeding insects, and many species are economically important. Study of this family has been hampered by lack of a robust and comprehensive phylogeny. In the present paper, we sequenced up to 22 genes in 96 gracillariid species, representing all previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups, plus 20 outgroups representing other families and superfamilies. Following objective identification and removal of two rogue taxa, two datasets were constructed: dataset 1, which included 12 loci totalling 9927 bp for 94 taxa, and dataset 2, which supplemented dataset 1 with 10 additional loci for 10 taxa, for a total of 22 loci and 16 167 bp. Maximum likelihood analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Gracillariidae and most previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups. On this basis, we propose a new classification consisting of eight subfamilies, four of which are newly recognized or resurrected: Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Gracillariinae Stainton; Lithocolletinae Stainton; Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Oecophyllembiinae Real & Balachowsky; Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova stat. rev.; and Phyllocnistinae Zeller. The subfamily Gracillariinae is restricted to the monophyletic group comprising GracillariaHaworth and closely related genera. We also formally transfer Acrocercops scriptulataMeyrick to Ornixolinae and use the name DiphtheroptilaVari, creating Diphtheroptila scriptulatacomb. n. An exploratory mapping of larval host-use traits on the phylogeny shows strong conservation of modes of leaf mining but much higher lability of associations with host plant orders and families, suggesting that host shifts could play a significant role in gracillariid diversification. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Akito Y. Kawahara) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01606628v1
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[hal-02623347] Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data
This paper provides new taxonomic and biological data on a complex of gracillariid moths in the endemic genus Philodoria Walsingham, 1907 that are associated with Myrsine (Primulaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands, United States. Two new species, Philodoria kauaulaensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: Myrsine lanaiensis, M. lessertiana, and M. sandwicensis) and P. kolea Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: M. lessertiana) are described. Biological data are provided for two previously described species that also feed on Myrsine: P. auromagnifica Walsingham, 1907 and P. succedanea Walsingham, 1907. For the first time we detail and illustrate genital structures, immature stages, biology, and host plants of P. auromagnifica and P. succedanea. Philodoria kolea, P. auromagnifica, and P. succedanea occur in sympatry on the island of Hawaii (Big Island), but each species differs in behavioral characters: P. kolea utilizes leaves of seedlings and forms a serpentine mine, whereas the latter two utilize leaves of larger plants, and form linear or serpentine to blotch mines. More broadly, leaf mine forms and diagnostic characteristics of the Myrsine-feeding species complex of Philodoria (as currently known) are reviewed and illustrated.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shigeki Kobayashi) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623347v1
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[hal-03320822] When insect pests build their own thermal niche: The hot nest of the pine processionary moth
Temperature strongly drives physiological and ecological processes in ectotherms. While many species rely on behavioural thermoregulation to avoid thermal extremes, others build structures (nests) that confer a shelter against climate variability and extremes. However, the microclimate inside nests remains unknown for most insects. We investigated the thermal environment inside the nest of a temperate winter-developing insect species, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Gregarious larvae collectively build a silken nest at the beginning of the cold season. We tested the hypothesis that it provides a warmer microenvironment to larvae. First, we monitored temperature inside different types of nests varying in the number of larvae inside. Overall, nest temperature was positively correlated to global radiation and air temperature. At noon, when global radiation was maximal, nest temperature exceeded air temperature by up to 11.2-16.5 • C depending on nest type. In addition, thermal gradients of amplitude from 6.85 to 15.5 • C were observed within nests, the upper part being the warmest. Second, we developed a biophysical model to predict temperature inside PPM nests based on heat transfer equations and to explain this important temperature excess. A simple model version accurately predicted experimental measurements, confirming that nest temperature is driven mainly by radiation load. Finally, the model showed that nest temperature increases at the same rate as air temperature change. We conclude that some pest insects already live in warm microclimates by building their own sheltering nest. This effect should be considered when studying the impact of climate change on phenology and distribution.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Poitou) 05 Oct 2021
https://hal.science/hal-03320822v1
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[hal-02613924] DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar
Madagascar is a prime evolutionary hotspot globally, but its unique biodiversity is under threat, essentially from anthropogenic disturbance. There is a race against time to describe and protect the Madagascan endangered biota. Here we present a first molecular characterization of the micromoth fauna of Madagascar. We collected 1572 micromoths mainly using light traps in both natural and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in 24 localities across eastern and northwest Madagascar. We also collected 1384 specimens using a Malaise trap in a primary rain forest at Andasibe, eastern Madagascar. In total, we DNA barcoded 2956 specimens belonging to 1537 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 88.4% of which are new to BOLD. Only 1.7% of new BINs were assigned to species. Of 47 different families found, Dryadaulidae, Bucculatricidae, Bedelliidae, Batrachedridae, and Blastobasidae are newly reported for Madagascar and the recently recognized Tonzidae is confirmed. For test faunas of Canada and Australia, 98.9%-99.4% of Macroheterocera BINs exhibited the molecular synapomorphy of a phenylalanine in the 177th complete DNA barcode codon. Non-macroheteroceran BINs could thus be sifted out efficiently in the Malaise sample. The Madagascar micromoth fauna shows highest affinity with the Afrotropics (146 BINs also occur in the African continent). We found 22 recognised pests or invasive species, mostly occurring in disturbed habitats. Malaise trap samples show high temporal turnover and alpha diversity with as many as 507 BINs collected; of these, astonishingly, 499 (98.4%) were novel to BOLD and 292 (57.6%) were singletons. Our results provide a baseline for future surveys across the island.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 20 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02613924v1
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[hal-03419963] Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation
Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed. We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Para state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure. We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape-related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements. Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yenny Correa‐carmona) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03419963v1
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[hal-03655903] Have host plant shifts caused adaptive radiations in leaf-mining moths?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655903v1
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[hal-03655789] Converging strategies in plant-manipulating insects: insect-induced effects on plants and possible mechanisms used by leaf-miners to manipulate their host-plant
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Giron) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655789v1
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[hal-03643551] Changement climatique et phénologie chez la processionnaire du pin : enjeux et prédiction
La processionnaire du pin est un défoliateur qui s'est imposé sur le plan international comme un modèle de réponse au changement climatique. Cette espèce dont les larves urticantes se développent en hiver est citée par le GIEC pour le lien de causalité directe établi entre son expansion géographique et la levée d'une barrière climatique qui permet l'alimentation et la survie dans des territoires jusqu'alors défavorables. Si le réchauffement hivernal est identifié comme le moteur de ces changements de distribution, les réponses phénologiques au changement climatique et les mécanismes de leurs variations restent peu étudiés. Nous avons développé un modèle phénologique calibré sur données expérimentales et validé par des observations naturelles, dont les simulations aident à mieux comprendre les variations spatiotemporelles de la phénologie de l'espèce, notamment l'augmentation dans certaines régions de la fréquence des processions de nymphose atypiques (pré-hivernales). Le réchauffement global et le dérèglement climatique peuvent considérablement impacter la dynamique spatio-temporelle des populations d'insectes. La processionnaire du pin (PP) est un défoliateur important en Europe qui cause de sévères problèmes économiques, mais également sanitaires en raison des setæ urticantes libérées dans l'air par les chenilles. Cette espèce à développement hivernal est devenue un modèle pour comprendre l'impact écologique du changement climatique car sa distribution s'étend en réponse directe à l'augmentation des températures hivernales qui facilitent l'alimentation et la survie des larves dans les régions bioclimatiques les plus froides. Toutefois, bien que l'effet du réchauffement hivernal sur sa distribution Nord soit démontré, les conséquences sur la phénologie au sein des populations restent encore peu étudiées. Une augmentation de la variabilité phénologique est observée ces dernières années, avec notamment l'apparition de processions de nymphose atypiques (pré-hivernales) dans certaines régions. Les données historiques et expérimentales suggèrent que la phénologie de l'espèce est le fruit à la fois de facteurs génétiques et d'une composante plastique complexe, avec notamment des phénomènes d'évitement du stress ou de resynchronisation à certains stades. Comprendre les variations spatiales et temporelles de la phénologie est crucial, non seulement pour mieux estimer l'effet du changement climatique et le potentiel de dispersion des populations, mais aussi pour l'optimisation de la lutte et la prévention des risques d'urtication qui dépendent de la bonne prédiction des différents stades larvaires. Nous avons développé un modèle phénologique de la PP calibré sur des données expérimentales et validé par des observations en milieu naturel. Le taux de développement a été calculé en conditions contrôlées en fonction de la température, du stade œuf au quatrième stade larvaire. La comparaison au cours du temps des prédictions du modèle et des observations en France de la proportion des différents stades présents a permis de valider le modèle à la fois sur données actuelles et passées. L'automatisation du suivi des adultes (donc des pontes, le point initial du modèle) a été un élément déterminant pour l'étude de la phénologie chez cette espèce. D'autres développements sont maintenant en cours pour automatiser le suivi et la détection des processions de nymphose — qui correspondent au risque maximal d'urtication — et ainsi compléter les sorties du modèle pour produire en temps réel des cartes de risques, et confronter les prédictions de cycles atypiques liés aux évènements météorologiques extrêmes à la réalité.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 15 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03643551v1
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[hal-03643543] Changement climatique et phénologie chez la processionnaire du pin : enjeux et prédiction
Le développement des insectes, leur reproduction et leur survie sont étroitement liés à la température. De ce fait, le réchauffement global et le dérèglement climatique peuvent considérablement impacter la dynamique spatio-temporelle des populations d'insectes. La processionnaire du pin (PP) est un défoliateur important en Europe qui cause de sévères problèmes économiques, mais également sanitaires en raison des setæ urticantes libérées dans l'air par les chenilles. Cette espèce à développement hivernal est devenue un modèle pour comprendre l'impact écologique du changement climatique car sa distribution s'étend en réponse directe à l'augmentation des températures hivernales qui facilitent l'alimentation et la survie des larves dans les régions bioclimatiques les plus froides. Toutefois, bien que l'effet du réchauffement hivernal sur sa distribution Nord soit compris, les conséquences sur la phénologie au sein des populations restent encore peu étudiées. Une augmentation de la variabilité phénologique est observée ces dernières années, avec notamment l'apparition de processions de nymphose atypiques (pré-hivernales) dans certaines régions. Les données historiques et expérimentales suggèrent que la phénologie de l'espèce est le fruit à la fois de facteurs génétiques et d'une composante plastique complexe, avec notamment des phénomènes d'évitement du stress ou de resynchronisation à certains stades. Comprendre les variations spatiales et temporelles de la phénologie est crucial, non seulement pour mieux estimer l'effet du changement climatique et le potentiel de dispersion des populations, mais aussi pour l'optimisation de la lutte et la prévention des risques d'urtication qui dépendent de la bonne prédiction des différents stades larvaires. Nous avons développé un modèle phénologique de la PP calibré sur des données expérimentales et validé par des observations en milieu naturel. Le taux de développement a été calculé en conditions contrôlées en fonction de la température, du stade œuf au troisième stade larvaire. La comparaison des prédictions du modèle et des observations en France de la proportion des différents stades présents au cours du temps indique que le modèle est capable de prédire la phénologie actuelle et passée. Les expérimentations sont en cours sur les derniers stades larvaires pour prédire les processions de nymphose — qui correspondent au risque maximal d'urtication — et les facteurs responsables de l'augmentation de leur variabilité temporelle inter- comme intra-annuelle.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 15 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03643543v1
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[hal-03655939] DNA barcode reference libraries for leaf-mining micromoths (lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from asian part of russia and neighbouring territories
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655939v1
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[hal-03655937] From DNA-barcode libraries to global macroecology and macroevolutionary studies in insects
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655937v1
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[hal-03655933] Effects of climate-induced tree-dieback on freshwater and Malaise trap communities in the Bavarian Forest National Park
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paul Schmidt Yáñez) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655933v1
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[hal-03655913] Phylogeography and invasion history of the leaf mining moth Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655913v1
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[hal-03655906] DNA barcodes reveal new species of leaf-mining moths from Siberia and the Russian Far East forests and illuminate the invasion process of some species
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655906v1
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[hal-04236310] Diversity and endemism of the Lepidoptera of Madagascar
At the most recent census of described lepidopteran taxa in 2021, 1,418 genera and 5,016 species were recognised for the island of Madagascar. However, the species endemism rate, although clearly exceptional for such a large landmass (ca. 600,000 km2), has remained poorly known. That figure is now estimated to exceed 80% in this highly isolated island. Some 28 superfamilies and 83 families of moths and butterflies are known to occur there. Whereas the five superfamilies within Macroheterocera, comprising around 681 genera and at least 2,989 species, are relatively well known, extrapolations of the total fauna suggest well in excess of 10,000 species are present. On BOLD 2,903 COI-5P species clusters (BINs) are publicly available, 2,400 of which are unnamed to species. Malaise trapping is rapidly adding to the number of unidentified BINs; a recent Malaise sample from Andasibe in two seasons containing 1,527 BINs found that less than 20% were Macroheterocera whilst >98% of 510 non-macroheteroceran BINs were novel to BOLD.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David C. Lees) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236310v1
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[hal-04236239] Biodiversity of leaf-mining insects in a dry Mexican tropical forest and their responses to anthropogenic and natural disturbances
Tropical dry forests are an essential habitat for many endemic and threatened insects. Mexico has one of the best examples of this habitat in the neotropics which is severely under threat. Despite the ecological importance of insects, they are very rarely taken into account in conser-vation programs. Tropical leaf-mining insects are species diverse and easily sampled at larval stage within their leaf mines and immature stages can be identified using DNA barcoding. This makes leafminers ideal for understanding how plant-insect interactions vary along forest disturbance gradients and subsequent successional stages. Our aim is to explore and describe the diversity of leaf-mining insects and their interactions with their host plants and their responses to anthropogenic and natural disturbances in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve and Huatulco National Park. We collected tenanted leaf mines along several disturbance and succession gradients. Immature stages were dissected out of the leaf mines and DNA barcoded. In addition, we analysed metabarcoding data from Malaise trap samples and pooled out any sequences belonging to insect genera with leaf-mining species. We found 509 OTU in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve and 472 OTU in Huatulco National Park. Preliminary results suggest that species richness and abundance is higher in sites with an early forest succession in comparition with last forest succession. We found differences according to species composition related to successional stages. These differences were significant for sites in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve. Our results show relation between leaf-mining insects in tropical dry forests and their possible importance in succession pathways.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ariel Hernan Muñoz-Sanchez) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236239v1
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[hal-02740183] Conséquences des travaux d'entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité au sein de la mosaïque des îles de Mareau-aux-Prés (Loiret).
Ce projet de recherche a étudié les conséquences des travaux d’entretien du lit de la Loire sur plusieurs composantes de la biodiversité (faune et flore) au sein de la mosaïque d’ilots de 13 hectares de Mareau-aux-Prés (inclus dans la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St-Mesmin, Loiret). Suite aux travaux (dévégétalisation et reprofilage), un nouvel assemblage de communautés s’est mis progressivement en place. Ce projet est centré sur cette nouvelle dynamique de recolonisation: la biodiversité intra et interspécifique a été étudiée pendant 3 ans avant et après travaux (via l’acquisition de données in situ et d’analyses génétiques et spatialisées) autour de quatre compartiments biologiques : (1) végétation herbacée, arbustive et arborescente, autochtone et exotique (2) entomofaune coléoptère Carabidae (3) avifaune nicheuse des grèves (4) castor d’Europe. Nous avons pu observer et mesurer une succession quasi primaire alimentée par le flux de populations provenant des autres ilots, îles et berges.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc M. Villar) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740183v1
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[hal-02625363] Promises and challenges in insect-plant interactions
There is tremendous diversity of interactions between plants and other species. These relationships range from antagonism to mutualism. Interactions of plants with members of their ecological community can lead to a profound metabolic reconfiguration of the plants’ physiology. This reconfiguration can favour beneficial organisms and deter antagonists like pathogens or herbivores. Determining the cellular and molecular dialogue between plants, microbes, and insects, and its ecological and evolutionary implications is important for understanding the options for each partner to adopt an adaptive response to its biotic environment. Moving forward, understanding how such ecological interactions are shaped by environmental change and how we potentially mitigate deleterious effects will be increasingly important. The development of integrative multidisciplinary approaches may provide new solutions to the major ecological and societal issues ahead of us. The rapid evolution of technology provides valuable tools and opens up novel ways to test hypotheses that were previously unanswerable, but requires that scientists master these tools, understand potential ethical problems flowing from their implementation, and train new generations of biologists with diverse technical skills. Here, we provide brief perspectives and discuss future promise and challenges for research on insect–plant interactions building on the 16th International Symposium on Insect–Plant interactions (SIP) meeting that was held in Tours, France (2–6 July 2017). Talks, posters, and discussions are distilled into key research areas in insect–plant interactions, highlighting the current state of the field and major challenges, and future directions for both applied and basic research.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Giron) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625363v1
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[hal-03656067] Tracing the invasion of a leaf-mining moth in the Palearctic through DNA barcoding of historical herbaria
The lime leaf-miner, Phyllonorycter issikii is an invasive micromoth with an unusually higher number of haplotypes in the invaded area (Europe, Western Siberia) compared to its putative native region (East Asia). The origin of the genetic diversity in the neocolonized region remains unclear. We surveyed over 15 thousand herbarium specimens of lime trees (Tilia spp.) collected across the Palearctic over a period of 252 years (1764-2016) looking for preserved larvae within the archival leaf mines. We found 203 herbarium specimens with leaf mines of Ph. issikii collected in East Asia, one of them dating back to 1830, i.e. 133 years before the description of the species. In contrast, only 22 herbarium specimens collected in the West Palearctic in the last three decades (1987-2015) carried leaf mines. DNA barcoding of archival specimens revealed 32 haplotypes out of which 23 were novel (not known from modern populations) and found exclusively in East Asia. Six haplotypes are shared between both native and invaded areas and only two were responsible for the recent invasion of the Western Palearctic. The remarkable number of newly discovered haplotypes in archival populations supports East Asia as the native region and the source area of invasion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 01 May 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03656067v1
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[hal-02743562] Diversity, species delimitation, and evolution of insect viruses
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elisabeth A. Herniou) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02743562v1
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[hal-03656009] High throughput Biomonitoring
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03656009v1
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[hal-02787977] WP1 Impacts on biodiversity - French site
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02787977v1
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[hal-01595189] Consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the sediment morphodynamic and the associated BIOdiversity in the mosaic of MAREAU-aux-prés islands.
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands are characterized by a multiple channel pattern affected by an incision of the main channel of 0.6m between 1979 and 2002. In this area, natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands, secondary channels and alluvial bars. The latter bars are colonized by woody pioneer trees, such as native black poplar (Populus nigra L.). Within these islands, the central 3 ha sandy-gravelly bar is currently beeing surveyed since 2007. In a first study from 2007 to 2012, a multidisciplinary approach has been conducted to understand sediment dynamics and morphological evolution into an island style, mainly governed by sedimentary vertical accretion and presence of woody pionner vegetation (Wintenberger et al. 2015a,b). In september 2012, the vegetation of such island was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. A new sandy-gravelly bar appeared in spring 2013, ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A second research programme from 2013 to 2015 was conducted in a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on physical and biological compartments. Field measurements on annual basis were performed on hydro-sedimentary processes to compare with the 2007-2012 period. Biotic components focus on colonization dynamics by Populus nigra seedlings (studying small-scale spatial genetic structure), by native and invasive flora (through seed bank and summer inventories), by community assemblages of ground beetles Coleoptera Carabidae, and on the consequence of the modification of the feeding habitat by the European beaver (as the central island constituted the main source of wood). A new project (2016-2019) has been elaborated, allowing to follow this long term survey, and also incorporating new technologies, such as satellite remote sensing. References : Wintenberger, C., et al. 2015a. Geomorphology, 246 : 305-320 Wintenberger, C., et al. 2015b. Geomorphology 248 : 185-204
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 26 Sep 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01595189v1
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[hal-02609829] Dépérissement et diversité des insectes forestiers - une étude de cas dans les sapinières pyrénéennes
En raison de changements climatiques profonds, on constate une augmentation de fréquence et d'intensité des sécheresses dans certaines parties du globe (dont l'Europe) avec des conséquences déjà visibles sur les forêts. Dans ce contexte, le projet Climtree porte sur les Impacts écologiques et socio-économiques du dépérissement des arbres induit par les changements climatiques dans les forêts de montagne. Grâce à l'étude de 56 placettes dans 2 régions des Pyrénées, nous analysons ici la réponse de la diversité des assemblages entomologiques (i) à l'intensité du dépérissement local de la sapinière, (ii) au niveau de dépérissement des sapinières dans le paysage ? et (iii) aux coupes de récupération mises en oeuvre dans les peuplements dépérissants. Les premiers résultats montrent que le niveau de dépérissement local affecte la structure des sapinières, la composition générale des communautés d'insectes, l'abondance moyenne des xylo- et saproxylophages de résineux mais pas le nombre moyen d'espèces de coléoptères saproxyliques. Le niveau régional de dépérissement montre un effet significatif sur l'abondance des xylophages potentiels ravageurs de faiblesse, sur la richesse des xylo- et saproxylo-phages de résineux, l'abondance et la richesse moyenne des espèces rares et l'abondance moyenne des espèces cavicoles et fongicoles. La coupe de récupération ne provoque pas d'érosion générale de la diversité des assemblages de coléoptères saproxyliques et provoque de faibles changements de composition des communautés d'insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 16 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02609829v1
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[hal-02736174] Consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity and landscape in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (National Reserve of Saint-Mesmin, Loire River, France)
This sandy-gravelly bar is an ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A multidisciplinary research programme (‘BioMareau’ project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on interactions and feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components and, since 2017, on landscape evolution and perception. The project involves researchers and local stakeholders (national reserve, environmental group), in interaction with institutional actors.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736174v1
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[hal-02787851] Rapid spread of the invasive box tree moth throughout Europe : assessing its flight performance and growth rate.
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Bras) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02787851v1
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[hal-04273563] Patterns of speciation in a parapatric pair of Saturnia moths as revealed by target capture
The focus of this study has been to understand the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of a widely distributed parapatric species pair of wild silk moths in Europe: Saturnia pavonia and Saturnia pavoniella (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). To address species delimitation in these parapatric taxa, target enrichment and mtDNA sequencing was employed alongside phylogenetic, admixture, introgression, and species delimitation analyses. The dataset included individuals from both species close to and farther away from the contact zone as well as two hybrids generated in the lab. Nuclear markers strongly supported both S. pavonia and S. pavoniella as two distinct species, with hybrids forming a sister group to S. pavoniella. However, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree generated from mtDNA sequencing data presented a different picture, showing both taxa to be phylogenetically intermixed. This inconsistency is likely attributable to mitonuclear discordance, which can arise from biological factors (e.g., introgressive hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting). Our analyses indicate that past introgressions have taken place, but that there is no evidence to suggest an ongoing admixture between the two species, demonstrating that the taxa have reached full postzygotic reproductive isolation and hence represent two distinct biological species. Finally, we discuss our results from an evolutionary point of view taking into consideration the past climatic oscillations that have likely shaped the present dynamics between the two species. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the target enrichment approach in resolving shallow phylogenetic relationships under complex evolutionary circumstances and that this approach is useful in establishing robust and well-informed taxonomic delimitations involving parapatric taxa.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maria Khan) 07 Nov 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04273563v2
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[hal-04169148] Molecular biosurveillance of wood-boring cerambycid beetles using DNA metabarcoding
Individual sorting and identification of thousands of insects collected in mass trapping biosurveillance programs is a labor intensive and time-consuming process. Metabarcoding, which allows for the simultaneous identification of multiple individuals in a single mixed sample, has the potential to expedite this process. However, detecting all the species present in a bulk sample can be challenging. In this study, we quantified the effectiveness of metabarcoding at detecting all species in six different mock communities of xylophagous cerambycid beetles. No significant differences in the number of species detected were observed between MinION, Illumina, and IonTorrent sequencing technologies. However, a greater number of individuals was detected and identified to species using MinION. In addition, the proportion of reads assigned to the species level was higher with Illumina technology. The three sequencing technologies also showed similar results in detecting and identifying closely related species and species at low abundance. The capture method greatly influences sample preservation and detection. Indeed, individuals captured using monopropylene and water had both lower DNA concentration and species detection rates compared to individuals killed using just an insecticide without any collection medium.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lois Veillat) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04169148v1
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[hal-04168930] Landscape genetics of the protected Spanish Moon Moth in core, buffer, and peripheral areas of the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park (Central Pyrenees, Spain)
Conservation managers need to know the degree of connectivity showed by the populations to be preserved, especially when protected areas and/or species are involved. One of the conservation projects carried out by the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park (Central Pyrenees, Spain) is the monitoring of the protected Spanish Moon Moth, Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae), in several sites within the actual park, buffer zone, and peripheral area. Here we studied the genetic diversity, geographical structure, and connectivity of this iconic insect in those areas with the aim of producing evidence-based recommendations that might help the National Park staff in their decision-making. For this, we non-lethally sampled 402 adult moths from 17 sites and worked at two geographic scales: Western/Central Pyrenees and the area monitored by the staff of the National Park. The multilocus genotypes obtained for nine nuclear microsatellite markers allowed us to quantify genetic variation, investigate population structure, and calculate recent migration rates. Our results revealed a large-scale (ca. 125 km) west–east cline in allele frequencies that causes low overall genetic differentiation ( F ST = 0.038) and similar levels of diversity among sites. Habitat connectivity revealed as an important element determining dispersal for G. isabellae , given the patchy distribution of the host plant ( Pinus sylvestris ) in the study area. Gene flow within and outside the National Park was proved, with a particular site of the buffer zone (Bujaruelo) acting as a source of migrants to other localities within and outside the National Park. This finding underlines the importance of considering buffer zones to preserve genetic diversity within protected areas, and that safeguarding the connectedness of pine patches is key to the conservation of this iconic moth.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Inés González-Castellano) 22 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04168930v1
