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[hal-02811181] The ECOTROP field-school: integrating hands-on DNA barcoding into an education program for the census of invertebrate biodiversity in the Lopé National Park, Gabon
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibaud Decaëns) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02811181v1
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[hal-02627982] Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union
The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2-day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen E. Roy) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627982v1
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[hal-01607810] Seven recommendations to make your invasive alien species data more useful
Science-based strategies to tackle biological invasions depend on recent, accurate, well-documented, standardized and openly accessible information on alien species. Currently and historically, biodiversity data are scattered in numerous disconnected data silos that lack interoperability. The situation is no different for alien species data, and this obstructs efficient retrieval, combination, and use of these kinds of information for research and policy-making. Standardization and interoperability are particularly important as many alien species related research and policy activities require pooling data. We describe seven ways that data on alien species can be made more accessible and useful, based on the results of a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) workshop: (1) Create data management plans; (2) Increase interoperability of information sources; (3) Document data through metadata; (4) Format data using existing standards; (5) Adopt controlled vocabularies; (6) Increase data availability; and (7) Ensure long-term data preservation. We identify four properties specific and integral to alien species data (species status, introduction pathway, degree of establishment, and impact mechanism) that are either missing from existing data standards or lack a recommended controlled vocabulary. Improved access to accurate, real-time and historical data will repay the long-term investment in data management infrastructure, by providing more accurate, timely and realistic assessments and analyses. If we improve core biodiversity data standards by developing their relevance to alien species, it will allow the automation of common activities regarding data processing in support of environmental policy. Furthermore, we call for considerable effort to maintain, update, standardize, archive, and aggregate datasets, to ensure proper valorization of alien species data and information before they become obsolete or lost.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin J. Groom) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01607810v1
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[hal-03881017] Multi-omics and multi-tissues data to improve the understanding of heat stress adaptation mechanisms
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 01 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03881017v1
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[hal-02627472] Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native species
Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pablo Gonzalez-Moreno) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627472v1
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[hal-02848760] Le maïs
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02848760v1
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[hal-02693885] Effects of multitrait recurrent selection for European corn borer tolerance and for agronomic traits in FS12 maize synthetic
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02693885v1
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[hal-02852545] L'échantillonnage
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Vaillant) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02852545v1
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[hal-02699746] Perspectives d'utilisation de criteres biochimiques de la feuille dans la selection de mais defavorable a la ponte de pyrale
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Derridj) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02699746v1
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[hal-02696827] Assessment of 10 years of maize pedigree breeding for European corn borer tolerance and high-yielding combining ability
A multitrait pedigree breeding system including evaluation for European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) tolerance and other agronomic traits (yield, earliness, stalk lodging) was used for 16 years to create inbred lines from very different temperate germplasms. The ultimate evaluation of the 63 inbred lines was made in comparison with stable known references. The results allowed us to classify this material into three tolerance classes to the insect and demonstrated the efficacy of the method. High-yielding combining ability might be associated with earliness, lodging tolerance and good insect tolerance. The value of some early flint European materials and of Argentinian sources was discussed to improve European corn borer tolerance. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02696827v1
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[hal-02843276] Perspectives d'utilisation de criteres biochimiques de la feuille dans la selection de mais defavorable a la ponte de pyrale
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Derridj) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02843276v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-03846951] A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe
Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arthur Fauviau) 10 Nov 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03846951v1
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[hal-02664477] High intercontinental migration rates and population admixture in the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma ips
Ophiostoma ips is a common fungal associate of various conifer-infesting bark beetles in their native ranges and has been introduced into non-native pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we used 10 microsatellite markers to investigate the population biology of O. ips in native (Cuba, France, Morocco and USA) and non-native (Australia, Chile and South Africa) areas to characterize host specificity, reproductive behaviour, and the potential origin as well as patterns of spread of the fungus and its insect vectors. The markers resolved a total of 41 alleles and 75 haplotypes. Higher genetic diversity was found in the native populations than in the introduced populations. Based on the origin of the insect vectors, the populations of O. ips in Australia would be expected to reflect a North American origin, and those in Chile and South Africa to reflect a European origin. However, most alleles observed in the native European population were also found in the native North American population; only the allele frequencies among the populations varied. This admixture made it impossible to confirm the origin of the introduced Southern Hemisphere (SH) populations of O. ips . There was also no evidence for specificity of the fungus to particular bark beetle vectors or hosts. Although O. ips is thought to be mainly selffertilizing, evidence for recombination was found in the four native populations surveyed. The higher genetic diversity in the North American than in the European population suggests that North America could be the possible source region of O. ips.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Zhou Xudong) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02664477v1
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[hal-02833395] Ophiostoma spp. associated with the pine bark beetle, Orthotomicus erosus, in southern France and Morocco
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wilhelm de Beer) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02833395v1
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[hal-02683543] Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures
Global warming is predicted to cause distributional changes in organisms whose geographic ranges are controlled by temperature. We report a recent latitudinal and altitudinal expansion of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, whose larvae build silk nests and feed on pine foliage in the winter. In north-central France (Paris Basin), its range boundary has shifted by 87 km northwards between 1972 and 2004; in northern Italy (Alps), an altitudinal shift of 110–230 m upwards occurred between 1975 and 2004. By experimentally linking winter temperature, feeding activity, and survival of T. pityocampa larvae, we attribute the expansions to increased winter survival due to a warming trend over the past three decades. In the laboratory we determined the minimum nest and night air temperatures required for larval feeding and developed a mechanistic model based on these temperature thresholds. We tested the model in a translocation experiment that employed natural temperature gradients as spatial analogues for global warming. In all transects we transferred colonies of T. pityocampa larvae to sites within zones of historical distribution, recent distribution, and outside the present range. We monitored air and nest temperature, incoming solar radiation, larval phenology, feeding activity, and survival. Early-season temperature effects on phenology were evident, with delayed development of colonies in the more extreme (colder) sites. In the coldest months, our model was consistent with the observed patterns of feeding activity: Feeding was progressively reduced with increasing latitude or elevation, as predicted by the lower number of hours when the feeding threshold was reached, which negatively affected final survival. Insolation raised nest temperature and increased feeding activity on the south but not the north aspect. Prolonged temperature drops below the feeding thresholds occurred at all sites, leading to starvation and partial mortality. Nonetheless, even the most extreme sites still allowed some feeding and, consequently, up to 20% colony survival and successful pupation. Given that the present distribution of the oligophagous T. pityocampa is not constrained by the distribution of its actual or potential hosts, and that warmer winters will cause the number of hours of feeding to increase and the probability of the lower lethal temperature to decrease, we expect the trend of improved survival in previously prohibitive environments to continue, causing further latitudinal and altitudinal expansion. This work highlights the need to develop temperature-based predictive models for future range shifts of winter-limited species, with potential applications in management.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrea Battisti) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02683543v1
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[hal-04312053] Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)
Human‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 19 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312053v1
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[hal-05302513] An ambrosia beetle recently introduced in Europe shows specific association with a yeast fungus
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cecile Robin) 07 Oct 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05302513v1
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[hal-05499984] Guix-HPC Activity Report 2025
<div><p>Guix-HPC is a collaborative effort to bring reproducible software deployment to scientific workflows and high-performance computing (HPC). Guix-HPC builds upon the GNU Guix software deployment tools and aims to make them useful for HPC practitioners and scientists concerned with dependency graph control and customization and, uniquely, reproducible research.</p> <p>Guix-HPC started as a joint software development project involving three research institutes: Inria , the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and the Utrecht Bioinformatics Center (UBC). Guix for HPC and reproducible research has since received contributions from many individuals and organizations, including CNRS , Université Paris Cité , the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Cornell University, and AMD. HPC remains a conservative domain but over the years, we have reached out to many organizations and people who share our goal of improving upon the status quo when it comes to software deployment.</p> <p>This report—our eighth report!—highlights key achievements of Guix-HPC between our previous report a year ago and today, February 2026. This year was marked by exciting developments for HPC and reproducible workflows. Significant advances were made in integrating Guix into the complex software landscape of HPC, taking the roles of software manager, workflow execution engine, backend for generating container images, or provider for the complete operating system layer. </p> <p>This year was also marked by the migration to Codeberg, a non-profit and community-led European platform whose main objective is to facilitate the expansion of the contributor community. Finally, support for reproducing computations from the past was also much improved. And, as usual, we have been using Guix for research, and teaching other researchers how to get started. </p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Céline Acary-Robert) 09 Feb 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05499984v1
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[hal-02819728] Impacts of climate change on temperate forests and interaction with management
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Loustau) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02819728v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-02627470] New species of leaf-mining Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) from Siberia feeding on Caragana (Fabaceae)
During a DNA barcoding campaign of leaf-mining Gracillariidae from the Asian part of Russia, a new species of Phyllonorycter Hubner, feeding on the Siberian pea shrub, Caragana arborescens Lam. (Fabaceae) was discovered in Siberia. Here, this taxon is described as Phyllonorycter ivani sp. n. Among Fabaceae-feeding Phyllonorycter, so far only P. caraganella (Ermolaev) has been known to develop on Caragana. Phyllonorycter ivani and P. caraganella show a large divergence in morphology (external and male genitalia) and barcode region of the mtDNA-COI gene (8.6%). They feed on different host plants species and have different ranges in Russia. We show that DNA barcode data weakly supports the Fabaceae-feeding species groups. In addition, we show that morphologically (strongly) and genetically (weakly), P. ivani has affinity to the haasi species group, a West Palearctic group with asymmetrical male genitalia.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627470v1
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[hal-02736217] Five-year study of consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (National Reserve of Saint-Mesmin, Loire River, France)
The Mareau-aux-Prés islands, along the Loire river, are characterized by a multiple channel pattern, where natural limestone riffles influence the morphology and spatial distribution of vegetated islands, secondary channels and alluvial bars. In September 2012, within these islands, the vegetation of the central 3 ha sandy-gravelly bar was uprooted and the bar level lowered in order to maintain the flow capacity of the river. A new sandy-gravelly bar appeared in spring 2013, ideal field support to study long-term ecological issues. A multidisciplinary research programme (‘BioMareau’ project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on physical and biological compartments. Field measurements on annual basis were performed on hydrosedimentary processes. Biotic components focus on colonization dynamics by Populus nigra seedlings (studying small-scale DNA spatial genetic structure and through plot survey), by native and invasive flora (through seed bank and summer inventories), by community assemblages of ground beetles Coleoptera Carabidae, by gravel nesting birds and on the consequence of the modification of the feeding habitat by the European beaver (as the island constituted the main source of wood). We will present 5 years of results after fluvial maintenance operations. The applied objectives of such study are to guide river managers in order to perform optimal useful management operations with a minimum loss of biodiversity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736217v1
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[hal-02787977] WP1 Impacts on biodiversity - French site
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02787977v1
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[hal-02736174] Consequences of fluvial maintenance operations on the biodiversity and landscape in the Mareau-aux-Prés islands (National Reserve of Saint-Mesmin, Loire River, France)
This sandy-gravelly bar is an ideal field support for studying long-term ecological issues. A multidisciplinary research programme (‘BioMareau’ project) is currently being conducted from 2012 to 2019, focusing on interactions and feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components and, since 2017, on landscape evolution and perception. The project involves researchers and local stakeholders (national reserve, environmental group), in interaction with institutional actors.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Villar) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736174v1
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[hal-02787851] Rapid spread of the invasive box tree moth throughout Europe : assessing its flight performance and growth rate.
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Bras) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02787851v1
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[hal-02734096] Does forest biodiversity respond to pulses of saproxylic microhabitats induced by tree dieback: a case study in mountain French silver fir forests
Forest diebacks are likely to increase in response to climate change, with increased frequency and intensity of droughts. In line with climate change scenarios, ecoclimatic modelling predicts a decrease in the range of silver fir, a drought-sensitive species, in its southern limit in the French Pyrenees. Diebacks are expected to induce a pulse of resources potentially favorable to certain forest species, e.g. tree-related microhabitats (TreM) for saproxylic species. The impact of forest dieback on biodiversity has nonetheless been poorly studied. As part of the international Climtree project, we set up a balanced sampling design of 56 plots crossing the intensity of local silver fir dieback and the salvage logging of weakened or dead trees. Detailed stand structure metrics and insect communities sampled by Malaise traps (insect MOTUs) or flight-interception traps (saproxylic beetles) have been measured. The structure of fir stands was affected by the level of decline, and to a lesser extent by salvage logging. We indeed observed a slight increase in CWD and in some TreM-bearing trees (crown deadwood, annual polypores , trunk rot holes) with dieback intensity, and a slight decrease in some TreM-bearing trees (crown deadwood, annual polypores) in salvaged compared with unharvested plots. However, these stand changes did not strongly affect local insect assemblages. Guilds of TreM-associated insects did not increase in abundance or richness with dieback-induced increase in resources. In conclusion, forest changes through dieback result in habitat and resource changes with still hard-to-predict impacts at the stand scale on a major reservoir of biodiversity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02734096v1
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[hal-02617801] Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
The Russian Far East (RFE) is an important hotspot of biodiversity whose insect fauna remains understudied, particularly its Microlepidoptera. Here we explore the diversity of leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae, their distribution and host plant associations in RFE using a combination of field observations and sampling, DNA barcoding, morphological analysis and literature review. We collected 91 gracillariid specimens (45 larvae, 9 pupae and 37 adults) in 12 localities across RFE and identified 34 species using a combination of DNA barcoding and morphology. We provide a genetic library of 57 DNA barcodes belonging to 37 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), including four BINs that could potentially represent species new to science. Leaf mines and leaf shelters are described and illustrated for 32 studied species, male or female genitalia as well as forewing patterns of adults are shown, especially for those species identified based on morphology. Three species, Micrurapteryx caraganella (Hering), Callisto insperatella (Nickerl), and Phyllonorycter junoniella (Zeller) are newly recorded from RFE. Five species previously known from some regions of RFE, were found for the first time in Amurskaya Oblast: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke), Primorskii Krai: Ph. sorbicola Kumata and Sahkalin Island: Caloptilia heringi Kumata, Ph. ermani (Kumata) and Ph. ulmifoliella (Hubner). Eight gracillariid-plant associations are novel to science: Caloptilia gloriosa Kumata on Acer pseudosieboldianum, Cameraria niphonica Kumata on A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, Parornix ermolaevi Kuznetzov on Corylus sieboldiana, Phyllonorycter ermani (Kumata) on Betula platyphylla, Ph. nipponicella (Issiki) on Quercus mongolica, Ph. orientalis (Kumata) and Ph. pseudojezoniella Noreika on Acer saccharum, Ph. sorbicola on Prunus maakii. For the first time we documented the "green island" phenotype on Phyllonorycter cavella (Zeller) mines on Betula platyphylla. Two pestiferous species have been recorded during our surveys: Micrurapteryx caraganella on ornamental Caragana arborescens in urban plantations in Amurskaya Oblast, and the lime leafminer Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata), a species known to be native to RFE and invasive elsewhere in Russia and in European countries. A revised checklist of RFE gracillariids has been compiled. It accounts for 135 species among which 17 species (13%) are only known to occur in RFE. The gracillariid fauna of RFE is more similar to the Japanese fauna (49%), than to the fauna of the rest of Russia (i.e European part and Siberia) (32%).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 25 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02617801v1
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[hal-02622748] Census and contemporary effective population size of two populations of the protected Spanish Moon Moth (Graellsia isabellae)
Graellsia isabellae is a protected lepidopteran both in France and Spain; however, there has been considerable debate over its conservation status. Recent literature emphasised the need of monitoring population size in the different mountain ranges where this iconic species occurs. We used mark-capture-recapture and genotypes of nine molecular microsatellite markers to estimate the census (N) and contemporary effective population size (N-e) of two Spanish populations extending over similar size areas (10-15 km(2)): Puebla (Eastern Spain) and Ordesa (Western Pyrenees). Only adult males were captured and analysed, as sampling was based on the use of the synthesised female sex pheromone. Estimates of N were rather different in the two populations: 3398 males in Puebla (95% CI = 2875-4145) and 1500 in Ordesa (95% CI = 1229-1932), although the area occupied by the populations was larger and more densely forested in Ordesa than in Puebla. Several lines of evidence pointed to a moderate-large contemporary N-e at Puebla (173-178 individuals) and a one-order of magnitude lower N-e at Ordesa (27-49). Thus, N-e/N ratios were very low (0.026 and 0.01 respectively). We recommend G. isabellae to be classified as of Least Concern under the IUCN criteria; however, the high temporal fragmentation index and the very low values of the N-e/N ratios obtained for this species, as compared with those recorded for most others, are usually taken as indicators of actual threat for their conservation. As a cautionary measure, managers should aim at maintaining gene flow by ensuring connectivity of Pinus sylvestris in these areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Neus Mari-Mena) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02622748v1
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[hal-03149644] Evaluating DNA Barcoding for Species Identification and Discovery in European Gracillariid Moths
Gracillariidae is the most species-rich leaf-mining moth family with over 2,000 described species worldwide. In Europe, there are 263 valid named species recognized, many of which are difficult to identify using morphology only. Here we explore the use of DNA barcodes as a tool for identification and species discovery in European gracillariids. We present a barcode library including 6,791 COI sequences representing 242 of the 263 (92%) resident species. Our results indicate high congruence between morphology and barcodes with 91.3% (221/242) of European species forming monophyletic clades that can be identified accurately using barcodes alone. The remaining 8.7% represent cases of non-monophyly making their identification uncertain using barcodes. Species discrimination based on the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) was successful for 93% of species with 7% of species sharing BINs. We discovered as many as 21 undescribed candidate species, of which six were confirmed from an integrative approach; the other 15 require additional material and study to confirm preliminary evidence. Most of these new candidate species are found in mountainous regions of Mediterranean countries, the South-Eastern Alps and the Balkans, with nine candidate species found only on islands. In addition, 13 species were classified as deep conspecific lineages, comprising a total of 27 BINs with no intraspecific morphological differences found, and no known ecological differentiation. Double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) analysis showed strong mitonuclear discrepancy in four out of five species studied. This discordance is not explained by Wolbachia-mediated genetic sweeps. Finally, 26 species were classified as “unassessed species splits” containing 71 BINs and some involving geographical isolation or ecological specialization that will require further study to test whether they represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 23 Feb 2021
https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03149644v1
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[hal-03655935] Quantifying pollinator diversity along urbanization gradients in the Loire Valley
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Irene Villalta) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655935v1
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[hal-03655920] Identify candidate genes involved in gall induction in micromoth using transcriptomics
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655920v1
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[hal-03655919] Evolution of the gall-inducing lifestyle in Caloptilia
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655919v1
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[hal-03655915] Impact écologique du dépérissement forestier et des coupes sanitaires sur les communautés d’insectes dans les Pyrénées Françaises
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655915v1
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[hal-03655840] Using herbarium data to understand the invasion history of the lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Gracillariidae) in the Palearctic
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655840v1
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[hal-04236382] Biomonitoring insect diversity with high-throughput data
Alarming projections of biodiversity loss indicate that the planet has entered the sixth mass extinction. Only a small fraction of species on Earth have been formally described and assigned a (Linnean) scientific name in particular insects and many of those are likely to go extinct before we even know of their existence. The incompleteness of our current census of life, sometimes referred as the “Linnean shortfall”, is generally considered to be especially acute in the least studied and most diverse groups (e.g. invertebrates, microorganisms), and in the most remote areas, which often have the highest diversity (e.g. inter-tropical regions). The increasing incorporation of genetic tools (DNA barcoding) into the delineation of species further exacerbates this deficit, frequently revealing cryptic species that have been overlooked due to morphological similarity. Here I will present my latest results on how we can take advantage of recent developments in DNA(meta)barcoding to monitor insect diversity and understand the ecological impact of anthropogenic disturbances.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236382v1
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[hal-04236368] Characterization of arthropod communities by DNA metabarcoding of body remains sieved from wood mould of tree holes
There is an urgent need to develop fast and reliable methods to assess forest biodiversity. The diversity of tree-related microhabitats such as tree holes is an important measure of forest structural heterogeneity and level of conservation. Tree holes harbour diverse and specialized arthropod communities of conservation value. To survey invertebrates in tree holes the wood mould is extracted from the cavity, placed in berlesse funnels to collect any living organisms and the substrate is subsequently sieved to recover any body remains of arthropods. The identification of those body remains is challenging and often inaccurate. In the present study, we apply metabarcoding techniques on arthropod body remains sieved from wood mould excavated from tree holes to characterize arthropod communities. Our samples had low DNA concentrations and high contents of PCR inhibitors derived from cuticular pigments and traces of humic acid. We developed a protocol to bypass these methodological problems and successfully amplified and sequenced 130bp amplicons.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236368v1
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[hal-04236357] In search of unknown biodiversity – and their resources
EU has initiated the construction of a Red List for European macro moths, including species from the families clearwings (Sesiidae) and burnets (Zygaenidae). Most species in these two families are day active and particularly good indicators on habitat quality and -continuity. One advantage is that most species are specialized on hostplants found on high quality grasslands of various types. However, especially the clearwings are difficult to detect with classical entomological methods. Likewise, burnets may be difficult to discover in declining and fragmented habitats and sometimes also difficult to distinguish. Older distribution maps show that most these taxa were widespread in the pre-industrial landscape. When looking at recent distribution maps for these species, it becomes evident that both our present knowledge, as well as the actual occurrences unfortunately are considerably more restricted. In addition, within both families there are several complexes of sibling species which are hard to determine in the field by nonexperts. Here we review our knowledge on the pheromones used by both these families and highlight the needs for creating new attractants for several European clearwings and burnets. Monitoring of such key species would effectively facilitate the evaluation, protection, monitoring and upholding of valuable grasslands in Europe. We highlight the use of pheromones in citizen science programs such as the French project SESIF, as a cost-efficient way to increase the knowledge of the present situation of these important indicator species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nils Ryrholm) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236357v1
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[hal-04808746] How does microclimate affect canopy insect communities?
<div><p>How does microclimate affect canopy insects communities ? Material and methods Thermometers Hobo sensors 8 to 9 per tree 2 in the ground Study sites Vierzon and Orléans Forest type Oak stands</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaëlle Balvay) 28 Nov 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04808746v1
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[hal-04758148] Exploring the diversity of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) in South Africa: host plants, distribution, and DNA barcoding analysis, with the description of nine new species
Despite relatively extensive historical exploration being carried out on Lepidopteran fauna of South Africa, leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae remain a source of discovery, with many new species awaiting description. In the present work, 32 gracillariid species from South Africa are treated. For each species, hostplant and distribution information is provided, supplemented by taxonomic and molecular analysis where necessary. Nine species are described here as new to science: Ectropina spirostachydis sp. nov., Leucocercops curatellifoliae sp. nov., Phodoryctis tephrosiella sp. nov., Telamoptilia cordati sp. nov., Phyllonorycter pseudogrewiella sp. nov., Cameraria melhaniella sp. nov., Phyllocnistis magalismontani sp. nov., P. allisonae sp. nov. and P. faureae sp. nov. Sixteen host plant species are reported for the first time for the family Gracillariidae: Searsia pyroides (Anacardiaceae), Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae), Combretum zeyheri, Terminalia sericea (Combretaceae), Euclea divinorum (Ebenaceae), Spirostachys africana (Euphorbiaceae), Peltophorum africanum, Tephrosia rhodesica, Schotia brachypetala (Fabaceae), Cryptocarya transvaalensis (Lauraceae), Melhania acuminata (Malvaceae), Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae), Ochna pretoriensis (Ochnaceae), Protea rubropilosa, Faurea saligna (Proteaceae), Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sapotaceae). Caloptilia mwamba De Prins, 2015 is recorded for the first time in South Africa.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paolo Triberti) 20 Dec 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04758148v1
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[hal-04186438] Bioc@pt : Capteurs automatiques de biodiversité en forêt
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Bouget) 23 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04186438v1
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[hal-03211695] DNA barcoding for bio-surveillance of emerging pests and species identification in Afrotropical Prioninae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
DNA barcoding has been succesfully used for bio-surveillance of forest and agricultural pests in temperate areas, but has few applications in the tropics and particulary in Africa. Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Prioninae species that is locally causing extensive damage in commercially-grown sugarcane in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. Due to the risk of spread of this species to the rest of southern Africa and to other sugarcane growing regions, clear and easy identification of this pest is critical for monitoring and for phytosanitary services. The genus Cacosceles Newman, 1838 includes four species, most being very similar in morphology. The damaging stage of the species is the larva, which is inherently difficult to distinguish morphologically from other Cerambycidae species. A tool for rapid and reliable identification of this species was needed by plant protection and quarantine agencies to monitor its potential abundance and spread. Here, we provide newly-generated barcodes for C. newmannii that can be used to reliably identify any life stage, even by non-trained taxonomists. In addition, we compiled a curated DNA barcoding reference library for 70 specimens of 20 named species of Afrotropical Prioninae to evaluate DNA barcoding as a valid tool to identify them. We also assessed the level of deeply conspecific mitochondrial lineages. Sequences were assigned to 42 different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 28 of which were new to BOLD. Out of the 20 named species barcoded, 11 (52.4%) had their own unique Barcode Index Number (BIN). Eight species (38.1%) showed multiple BINs with no morphological differentiation. Amongst them, C. newmannii showed two highly divergent genetic clusters which co-occur sympatrically, but further investigation is required to test whether they could represent new cryptic species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 29 Apr 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03211695v1
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[hal-03464437] A comparative genomic approach using mouse and fruit fly data to discover genes involved in testis function in hymenopterans with a focus on Nasonia vitripennis
Abstract Background Spermatogenesis appears to be a relatively well-conserved process even among distantly related animal taxa such as invertebrates and vertebrates. Although Hymenopterans share many characteristics with other organisms, their complex haplodiploid reproduction system is still relatively unknown. However, they serve as a complementary insect model to Drosophila for studying functional male fertility. In this study, we used a comparative method combining taxonomic, phenotypic data and gene expression to identify candidate genes that could play a significant role in spermatogenesis in hymenopterans. Results Of the 546 mouse genes predominantly or exclusively expressed in the mouse testes, 36% had at least one ortholog in the fruit fly. Of these genes, 68% had at least one ortholog in one of the six hymenopteran species we examined. Based on their gene expression profiles in fruit fly testes, 71 of these genes were hypothesized to play a marked role in testis function. Forty-three of these 71 genes had an ortholog in at least one of the six hymenopteran species examined, and their enriched GO terms were related to the G2/M transition or to cilium organization, assembly, or movement. Second, of the 379 genes putatively involved in male fertility in Drosophila, 224 had at least one ortholog in each of the six Hymenoptera species. Finally, we showed that 199 of these genes were expressed in early pupal testis in Nasonia vitripennis ; 86 exhibited a high level of expression, and 54 displayed modulated expression during meiosis. Conclusions In this study combining phylogenetic and experimental approaches, we highlighted genes that may have a major role in gametogenesis in hymenopterans; an essential prerequisite for further research on functional importance of these genes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charlotte Lécureuil) 06 Sep 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03464437v1
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[hal-03655984] Biosurveillance for invasive xylophagous beetles using a DNA metabarcoding approach
Invasive xylophagous beetles represent a threat to forests worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a biosurveillance system for early detection of invasive species. We have used multi-component blends for mass trapping both native and exotic longhorn beetles at several European ports of entry. With this biological material at our disposal, we are developing reference databases of Cerambycides in order to improve the number of species detectable in metabarcoding analyses. We are also working on the design of new primers to improve the detectability rate of these species. Finally, we are developing a non-destructive DNA extraction method for multiple insects at the same time allowing the conservation of all extracted samples.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïs Veillat) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03655984v1
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[hal-02622503] Salicaceae-Feeding Leaf-Mining Insects in Siberia: Distribution, Trophic Specialization, and Pest Status
This paper provides an overview of the leaf-mining insect community feeding on willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) in Siberia. According to published data and our own observations, 50 leaf-mining insect species (i.e., 24 species of Lepidoptera, 15 Coleoptera, 6 Diptera, and 5 Hymenoptera) feed on those two plant genera in Siberia. Using an integrative approach combining field work, morphological and DNA barcoding analyses, we identified 32 leaf-mining insect species from 14 regions across Siberia (i.e. 64% of all leaf-mining species known on Salicaceae in this part of Russia). Among them, 26 species most often found in parks and botanical gardens, represented new faunistic records for several poorly explored regions of Siberia. We have more than doubled the list of Salicaceae-feeding leaf-mining insects in Tomsk oblast, Altai krai, and the Republic of Tuva, and for the first time provided data on leaf-miners for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The micromoth Phyllocnistis gracilistylella (Gracillariidae), recently described from Japan, was found on a new host plant (Salix caprea) in the south of Krasnoyarsk krai, is new for Russia. Eight leafmining insect species (i.e., five gracillariids: Phyllocnistis labyrinthella, Ph. unipunctella, Phyllonorycter apparella, Ph. sagitella, and Ph. populifoliella; two beetles: Zeugophora scutellaris and Isochnus sequensi; and one sawfly: Heterarthrus ochropoda) can outbreak on poplars, most often in urban plantations, botanical gardens, and plant nurseries in Siberia, and can also affect natural stands. Forty-five species of 50 leaf-mining insects known to feed on willow and poplar in Siberia also occur in Central and Eastern Europe. The remaining five species (Phyllocnistis gracilistylella, Phyllonorycter sibirica, Heterarthrus fasciatus, Tachyerges dauricus, and Isochnus arcticus) are recorded in Asia only. Species richness of the family Gracillariidae, the most diverse on Salicaceae in Siberia, displays 80% similarity to that in the European part of Russia and 71% to the Russian Far East. We discuss the faunal similarity of these regions and highlight the importance of applying an integrative approach combining ecological, morphological analyses, and DNA barcoding to explore and characterize the insect fauna of poorly studied regions of Asian part of Russia.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Natalia Kirichenko) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02622503v1
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[hal-02632543] Phylogeography of the Spanish Moon Moth Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)
Background Geographic and demographic factors as well as specialisation to a new host-plant may lead to host-associated differentiation in plant-feeding insects. We explored the phylogeography of a protected moth, Graellsia isabellae, and its two recognised host-plant species (Pinus sylvestris and P. nigra) in order to seek for any concordance useful to disentangle the evolutionary history of this iconic lepidopteran. Results DNA variation in one mitochondrial marker and nine nuclear microsatellite loci revealed a strong phylogeographic pattern across 28 populations of G. isabellae studied in Spain and France comprising six groups mostly distributed along different mountain ranges. Reanalysis of a previously published chloroplast microsatellite dataset revealed a three and two-group structure for Spanish P. sylvestris and P. nigra, respectively. Overall, the population groupings of this protected moth did not match the ones of P. sylvestris and P. nigra. Conclusions There was no evidence of host-associated differentiation between populations using P. sylvestris and the ones inhabiting P. nigra. The two major mitochondrial clades of G. isabellae likely diverged before the Last Glacial Maximum and geographically separated the species into a “southern” (Central and Southern Iberian clusters) and a “northern” lineage (Eastern Iberian, Pyrenean and French Alpine clusters). The Eastern Iberian System, where this insect uses both host-plants, harboured the highest level of genetic diversity. Such a group independently colonised the West and East parts of the Pyrenees. Our results point to a native origin for the French populations occurring in the Alps, genetically related to the Eastern Iberian and Pyrenean sites. The Central Iberian group derived from Southern Iberian ancestors. Secondary contacts were inferred between the Southern/Central Iberian populations and Eastern Iberian cluster as well as between the two Pyrenean ones. The mito-nuclear discordance observed with regard to the Eastern Iberian cluster is congruent with a secondary contact after the evolution of mito-nuclear incompatibilities in geographically isolated areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Neus Mari-Mena) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02632543v1
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[hal-02625274] Rapid spread of the invasive yellow-legged hornet in France: the role of human-mediated dispersal and the effects of control measures
1.The invasive yellow-legged hornet was first discovered in Europe, in south-western France, in 2004. It has since spread very rapidly and has caused significant mortality among honey bees and native entomofauna. It also poses a risk to humans because its sting provokes allergic reactions. The objectives of this study were the following: (i) to disentangle the roles played by human-mediated dispersal and self-mediated dispersal in the species’ rapid range expansion and (ii) to estimate the intensity of control measures in France and determine what needs to be done to slow the hornet's spread and dramatically reduce its population densities. 2.A mathematical model was developed to describe the hornet's potential spread. This model included parameters describing the population growth rate, carrying capacity, self-mediated dispersal, human-mediated dispersal and the efficacy of control measures (i.e. the destruction of detected nests). Model parameters were estimated using 2004–2009 occurrence data for France and the model was then validated using 2013 occurrence data. Several scenarios were tested: human-mediated dispersal was present or absent and control intensity varied. Then, the species’ spread in coming years was simulated (from 2013 to 2020). 3.Despite some uncertainty on the value of the parameters, this model is relatively robust. Human-mediated dispersal may not be necessarily responsible for the hornet's rapid range expansion; the species could spread rapidly on its own. It is likely that, to date, an average of 30–40% of detected nests have been destroyed each year. 4.Increasing the percentage of destroyed nests from 30 to 60% could reduce the species’ spread by 17% and its nest density by 29%. If 95% of nests are destroyed, the species’ spread and nest density could decline by 43% and 53%, respectively. 5.Synthesis and applications. The mathematical model developed in this study shows that human-mediated dispersal of the invasive yellow-legged hornet may not be the only factor explaining the hornet's rapid range expansion and that controlling this invasive pest is still possible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce self-mediated dispersal and to intensify and improve control measures to diminish the species’ impact and prevent its further spread. Control measures could combine the mechanical removal and destruction of individuals or infested materials with biological control techniques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625274v1
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[hal-02325152] Potential spread of the invasive North American termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, and the impact of climate warming
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Suppo) 22 Oct 2019
https://hal.science/hal-02325152v1
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[hal-01310784] Increasing metabolic rate despite declining body weight in an adult parasitoid wasp
Metabolic rate is a positive function of body weight, a rule valid for most organisms and the basis of several theories of metabolic ecology. For adult insects, however, the diversity of relationships between body mass and respiration remains unexplained. The aim of this study is to relate the respiratory metabolism of a parasitoid with body weight and foraging activity. We compared the metabolic rate of groups of starving and host-fed females of the parasitoid Eupelmus vuilleti recorded with respirometry for 7days, corresponding to the mean lifetime of starving females and over half of the lifetime of foraging females. The dynamics of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in the body of foraging females were quantified with biochemical techniques. Body mass and all body nutrients declined sharply from the first day onwards. By contrast, the CO2 produced and the O2 consumed increased steadily. Starving females showed the opposite trend, identifying foraging as the reason for the respiration increase of feeding females. Two complementary physiological processes explain the unexpected relationship between increasing metabolic rate and declining body weight. First, host hemolymph is a highly unbalanced food, and the excess nutrients (protein and carbohydrate) need to be voided, partially through excretion and partially through respiration. Second, a foraging young female produces eggs at an increasing rate during the first half of its lifetime, a process that also increases respiration. We posit that the time-varying metabolic rate contributions of the feeding and reproductive processes supplements the contribution of the structural mass and lead to the observed trend. We extend our explanations to other insect groups and discuss the potential for unification using Dynamic Energy Budget theory.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérome Casas) 03 May 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01310784v1
