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[hal-04312053] Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)
Human‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 19 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312053v1
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[hal-04706343] Asian Long‐horned Beetle dispersal potential estimated in computer‐linked flight mills
Abstract The Asian Long‐horned Beetle (ALB) is a highly polyphagous species invasive in North America and Europe. This species has been reported to have low dispersing potential, but long‐distance dispersal could occasionally happen. We conducted a preliminary study on laboratory‐reared adults from invasive populations to measure the flying potential of beetles using computer‐linked flight mills. Under standardized conditions, ALB was capable of flying over longer distances than previously described. The highest distance recorded over an adult lifespan outreached 14 km. Flight mill method is therefore useful to estimate the maximum physiological flight abilities of the species that should be taken into account to improve management of invasive populations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04706343v1
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[hal-04706338] Respiration-based monitoring of metabolic rate following cold-exposure in two invasive Anoplophora species depending on acclimation regime
The Asian and Citrus longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (ALB) and A. chinensis (CLB) respectively, are two closely related invasive species with overlapping native ranges. Although both species have rather similar biological characteristics, they differ in their invasion patterns. ALB shows numerous, but local, outbreaks in urban areas of North-East America, Western and Central Europe, whereas CLB has colonized a large part of Northern Italy. Temperature is pivotal in setting distribution limits of ectotherms. Low temperature may be limiting for larvae since they are the main overwintering stage for both species. To investigate whether differential cold tolerance may contribute to setting the respective limits of the range invaded by each species, we monitored larval metabolic rate before and after exposure to a one-week ecologically relevant moderate cold stress (− 2/+2 °C, 14/10 h). We tested two distinctive fluctuating regimes before the cold exposure to check whether larval acclimation significantly altered their cold tolerance. Survival was high in all conditions for both species. Visual examination showed temporary locomotor inactivity during the stress but respiration rates were not altered after the stress suggesting that larvae could rapidly resume their initial metabolic activity. The respiration rate was globally higher in ALB than in CLB. Together, these results tend to indicate that both species have similar tolerance to the moderate cold stress tested, but also that ALB may be better at maintaining metabolic activity at cold than CLB. These observed differences could affect phenology in both species and in turn their establishment potential.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 23 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04706338v1
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[hal-04672656] Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence
In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Soubeyrand) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04672656v1
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[hal-03881017] Multi-omics and multi-tissues data to improve the understanding of heat stress adaptation mechanisms
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 01 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03881017v1
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[anses-04415035] Analyse des risques sanitaires liés à l’exposition aux chenilles émettrices de poils urticants et élaboration de recommandations de gestion
Les chenilles de Lépidoptères tels que les processionnaires du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis et Schiffermüller 1775) et du chêne (Thaumetopoea processionea L. 1758), le bombyx cul-brun (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. 1758) et la Lithosie quadrille (Lithosia quadra L. 1758), produisent des poils urticants qui, par contact direct cutané ou par inhalation, peuvent entraîner des réactions urticariennes ou allergiques chez l’espèce humaine avec un impact sanitaire significatif en cas de pullulation. Ces espèces peuvent, de plus, avoir des impacts sur certains végétaux (chêne, pin, etc.) et animaux (chien, chat, animaux d’élevage, etc.).Plusieurs espèces de ces Lépidoptères semblent accroître d’année en année leur airede répartition sur le territoire national, telle que la processionnaire du pin dont la présence était limitée historiquement au sud de la Loire et qui remonte graduellement vers le nord et en altitude à la faveur du dérèglement climatique. Le dérèglement climatique pourrait également avoir un impact sur l’évolution de l’aire de répartition et la phénologie des autres espèces de Lépidoptères à chenilles urticantes. Les chenilles émettrices de poils urticants constituent ainsi un enjeu de santé globale (en France hexagonale et ultramarine) dans les zones où elles sont déjà présentes ou dans des zones indemnes qu’elles pourraient coloniser dans un avenir proche.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Desneux) 24 Jan 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04415035v1
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[hal-02687091] Une piste pour une nouvelle méthode de lutte. L'odeur de la tanaisie piège les tordeuses
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis D. Thiery) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02687091v1
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[hal-02705792] Olfactory responses of Lobesia botrana females (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Tanacetum vulgare (Asteracea) flower extracts and fractions
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (B. Gabel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02705792v1
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[hal-01577510] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour les Lethal yellowing type syndromes (LYTS)
La Direction Générale de l’Alimentation du ministère en charge de l’agriculture a saisi l’Anses en vue de la réalisation d’une évaluation du risque simplifiée (ERS) des LYTS. Ce travail a pour but notamment d’évaluer le risque d’introduction et l’impact économique des LYTS dans la zone ARP. La zone ARP à considérer comprend la Martinique, la Guadeloupe, la Guyane, la Réunion et Mayotte.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Michel Dollet) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577510v1
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[hal-03846951] A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe
Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arthur Fauviau) 10 Nov 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03846951v1
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[hal-01228847] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire [i]Plasmopara halstedii[/i] agent responsable de la maladie du mildiou du tournesol
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Frederic Suffert) 13 Nov 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01228847v1
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[hal-01578869] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire Ditylenchus dipsaci sur luzerne
Il est demandé à l’Anses de réaliser une ARP sur le nématode des tiges et bulbes (D.dipsaci) sur luzerne (M. sativa).L’ARP consiste à évaluer, selon des normes internationales1, 2 , les preuves biologiques etautres données scientifiques ou économiques pour déterminer si un organisme nuisibledoit être réglementé (ou déréglementé) et la nature des mesures phytosanitaireséventuelles à prendre à son égard. L’ARP s’attache à évaluer l'importance potentielle d'unorganisme nuisible particulier pour une zone clairement définie. Elle peut être initiée pourune ou plusieurs raisons, les plus fréquentes étant : l’identification d'une filière,l’identification d’un organisme nuisible, l’examen ou la révision d'une politique.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Castagnone-Sereno) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578869v1
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[hal-01577495] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour Xyllela fastidiosa
En vue de possible échanges sur la présente thématique à un prochain Comité Permanent Phytosanitaire (CPP) à Bruxelles, il est demandé à l’Anses de réaliser une Evaluation du Risque Simplifiée (ERS) pour le 29/06/2012. Cette ERS devra faire notamment un bilan de la situation de Xylella fastidiosa dans le monde, détailler la biologie de la bactérie, son cycle de développement, les conditions météo et exigences climatiques nécessaires à son développement ou l’observation des symptômes, ses plantes hôtes, les moyens de contamination possibles, ainsi que les moyens de contamination possibles, ainsi que les moyens de lutte disponibles.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charles Manceau) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577495v1
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[hal-01578870] Méthodes de lutte alternatives à l'épandage aérien de produits phytosanitaires contre les processionnaires du pin et du chêne en conditions urbaines
Contexte : Les chenilles processionnaires sont des insectes défoliateurs que l’on rencontre dans les populations de pins et de chênes et sont les formes larvaires de deux types de lépidoptères : Thaumetopoea pityocampa pour la processionnaire du pin et Thaumetopoea processionea pour la processionnaire du chêne. Leurs pullulations périodiques sont connues dans différentes régions, essentiellement le pourtour méditerranéen et la façade atlantique jusqu’au Pyrénées-Orientales pour la processionnaire du pin, et les régions d’Alsace, de Bourgogne, d’Ile-de-France, du Centre, de Poitou-Charentes et de Midi-Pyrénées pour la processionnaire du chêne. Les chenilles processionnaires de pin et du chêne sont responsables d’une dermite (appelée érucisme) en lien avec les poils urticants et allergisants qui recouvrent leur corps. A l’automne 2011, les professionnels de la forêt privée ont déposé auprès de l’Agence régionale de la santé (ARS) d’Aquitaine des dossiers de demande de traitements par voie aérienne des chenilles processionnaire du pin pour des motifs de protection de la santé publique. Ces demandes concernaient essentiellement des zones urbanisées. L’arrêté du 31 mai 2011 relatif aux conditions d’épandage des produits mentionnés à l’article L. 253-1 de code rural de la pêche maritime par voie aérienne prévoit cependant le respect d’une distance minimale de sécurité de 50 mètres vis-à-vis des habitations et jardins. Les traitements, qui doivent être mis en oeuvre à l’automne, n’ont donc pas été effectués en Aquitaine par voie aérienne en 2011. Dans ces conditions se pose la question des solutions alternatives qui seraient à mettre en oeuvre à l’avenir pour lutter contre les chenilles processionnaires du pin et du chêne dans les zones urbanisées, tant en Aquitaine que dans les autres régions concernées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Robert Delorme) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578870v1
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[anses-04855184] Avis de L'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces - Cycle biologique, - Plantes hôtes, - Symptômes, - Aires de distribution, - Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, - Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement - Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, - Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, - Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination - Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, - Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles - Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, - Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Trichoferus campestris est présentée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 24 Dec 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04855184v1
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[hal-02688941] The chromosomes of Diprion pini and D. similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae): Implications for karyotype evolution
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02688941v1
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[hal-02656569] Comparative population genetic study of two oligophagous insects associated with the same hosts
A parallel study of the genetic structure of two oligophagous species associated with the same hosts was conducted to determine the main factors shaping the distribution of genetic diversity. The bark beetle Tomicus piniperda and the pine processionary moth (PPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa are both associated with the genus Pinus and belong to different guilds (xylophagous vs defoliating species). The PPM is an ectophagous species that feeds on the needles of living trees, whereas T. piniperda is endophagous and bores galleries in the inner bark of weakened trees. Both species were sampled in the main regions of France, and their genetic structure was assessed after genotyping with five microsatellite markers. Populations of the PPM were significantly structured. A pattern of isolation by distance was found when distances were calculated as bypassing the Massif Central, whereas no such pattern could be found with raw geographic distances. On the contrary, most populations of T. piniperda were not differentiated. No effect of host species could be detected in either of the two species. We conclude that the two taxa have contrasting effective dispersal rates per generation, and we hypothesize that this reflects the different selection pressures acting on individual fitness via different strategies of host use.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02656569v1
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[hal-02674178] Multinucleate storage cells in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) and the effect of seed parasitism by the chalcid Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl
Megagametophytes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) accumulated storage products following fertilization. As megagametophytes matured, the number of nuclei per cell rose, resulting in syncytial storage cells. Studies carried out on trees in France and Canada confirmed that such previously unreported, free nuclear cells were a normal part of late megagametophyte development. Unfertilized megagametophytes showed that some binucleate cells before degeneration resulted in empty seed. Insect parasitism prevented megagametophyte abortion in unfertilized ovules. Oviposition by a torymid chalcid wasp (Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl) early in megagametophyte development resulted in normal megagametophyte development. Around the time of plant egg maturation, binucleate and trinucleate cells were observed. As megagametophytes matured, multinucleate mature storage cells rich in proteins, lipids and starch were formed. The insect was able to induce identical nuclear behaviour in infested, unfertilized megagametophytes, as that of uninfested, fertilized megagametophytes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Patrick von Aderkas) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02674178v1
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[hal-02682455] Genetic study of the forest pest Tomicus piniperda (Col., Scolytinae) in Yunnan province (China) compared to Europe: new insights for the systematics and evolution of the genus Tomicus
The pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda is present throughout Eurasia. In Europe, it is considered as a secondary pest that rarely causes tree mortality, while heavy damage is observed in Yunnan Province ( China) where it exhibits a novel aggregative behaviour during shoot attack. To understand why the ecological characteristics of the European and Chinese populations differ so strongly, we conducted an analysis of population genetic structure on 12 populations in Yunnan and one in JiLin using mitochondrial (COI-COII) and nuclear (ITS2 and 28S rDNA) DNA sequences, and compared the results to those obtained in France. We showed that the Yunnan populations differed markedly from French and JiLin populations. For all three markers, the genetic distances measured between the Tomicus from Yunnan and those from France were similar to distances previously observed between species. Similar distances were found between Yunnan and JiLin populations. Conversely, the distances between French and JiLin individuals were substantially lower, falling in the intraspecific range. We concluded that the individuals sampled in Yunnan belong to a new, undescribed species (Tomicus sp. nov.). We also showed that some individuals belong to the species T. brevipilosus that had never been recorded from this region before. Evolution of the genus Tomicus is discussed in the light of these new results
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (I. Duan) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02682455v1
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[hal-02660852] Frequency and fitness cost of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
The ‘high dose–refuge’ (HDR) strategy is commonly recommended and currently used for delaying or preventing pest adaptation to transgenic plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. The efficiency of this strategy depends, among other factors, on the initial frequency of Bt resistance alleles and on the fitness costs associated with these alleles. Two years ago, an allele conferring resistance to Bt poplar was detected in a French population of the poplar pest Chrysomela tremulae F. Although this pest had never been subjected to Bt selection pressure due to human activities, the frequency of this allele was estimated at 0.0037, with a 95% credible (CI) interval of 0.00045–0.0080. We investigated the frequency of this allele in a second sample of C. tremulae collected more than 500km from the site of the initial population. The estimated frequency in this sample was 0.0113 (95% CI 0.0031–0.0247), reinforcing the conclusion that resistance to Bt plants may be present at detectable frequencies in pest populations before selection resulting from pest management by humans. The frequency of the Bt resistance allele over the two samples was 0.0049 (95% CI 0.0020–0.0091). We also followed five laboratory lines in which the frequency of this allele was initially fixed at 0.500. After five generations maintained on non-Bt poplar leaves, the frequency of this allele decreased in all lines, whereas allelic frequencies at a neutral locus were unaffected. Thus, the Bt resistance allele detected in French populations of C. tremulae is probably associated with a fitness cost.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anne-Laure Wenes) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02660852v1
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[hal-02653040] Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2011-30 september 2011
This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis,Menippe mercenaria,Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchagu¨ensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S.W. A'Hara) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02653040v1
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[hal-02796412] Forest insect invasion in a changing climate: An overview
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dylan Parry) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02796412v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-03409926] Phylogeny of gracillariid leaf‐mining moths: evolution of larval behaviour inferred from phylogenomic and Sanger data
Gracillariidae is the most taxonomically diverse cosmopolitan leaf-mining moth family, consisting of nearly 2000 named species in 105 described genera, classified into eight extant subfamilies. The majority of gracillariid species are internal plant feeders as larvae, creating mines and galls in plant tissue. Despite their diversity and ecological adaptations, their phylogenetic relationships, especially among subfamilies, remain uncertain. Genomic data (83 taxa, 589 loci) were integrated with Sanger data (130 taxa, 22 loci), to reconstruct a phylogeny of Gracillariidae. Based on analyses of both datasets combined and analyzed separately, monophyly of Gracillariidae and all its subfamilies, monophyly of the clade "LAMPO" (subfamilies: Lithocolletinae, Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, Phyllocnistinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) and relationships of its subclade "AMO" (subfamilies: Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) were strongly supported. A sister-group relationship of Ornixolinae to the remainder of the family, and a monophyletic leaf roller lineage (Callicercops V ari + Parornichinae) + Gracillariinae, as sister to the "LAMPO" clade were supported by the most likely tree. Dating analyses indicate a mid-Cretaceous (105.3 Ma) origin of the family, followed by a rapid diversification into the nine subfamilies predating the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction. We hypothesize that advanced larval behaviours, such as making keeled or tentiform blotch mines, rolling leaves and galling, allowed gracillariids to better avoid larval parasitoids allowing them to further diversify. Finally, we stabilize the classification by formally re-establishing the subfamily ranks of Marmarinae stat.rev., Oecophyllembiinae stat.rev. and Parornichinae stat.rev., and erect a new subfamily, Callicercopinae Li, Ohshima and Kawahara to accommodate the enigmatic genus Callicercops.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Xuankun Li) 30 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03409926v1
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[hal-02648473] Reply to Keller and Springborn: No doubt about invasion debt
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648473v1
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[hal-02626409] Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations
Until now, 20 species of leaf-mining micromoths of the genus Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) have been known to occur in the Neotropical region. Here we revise the previously known species and describe seven new species: four from French Guiana, P. kawakitai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. norak Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. ohshimai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. petronellii Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov.; and, three from Brazil, P. helios Brito & Moreira, sp. nov., P. jupiter Brito & Moreira, sp. nov. and P. xylopiella Brito & Becker, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for P. aurilinea Zeller, 1877; P. citrella Stainton, 1856; P. rotans and P. sexangula Meyrick, 1915. Detailed descriptions of the pattern of forewing fasciae are provided for all species. Host plant associations, photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia, when available, are provided for the described species of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. In addition, DNA barcodes were used for the delimitation of some species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rosangela Brito) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626409v1
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[hal-02650797] An extreme case of plant-insect codiversification: figs and fig-pollinating wasps
It is thought that speciation in phytophagous insects is often due to colonization of novel host plants, because radiations of plant and insect lineages are typically asynchronous. Recent phylogenetic comparisons have supported this model of diversification for both insect herbivores and specialized pollinators. An exceptional case where contemporaneous plant-insect diversification might be expected is the obligate mutualism between fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera). The ubiquity and ecological significance of this mutualism in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has long intrigued biologists, but the systematic challenge posed by >750 interacting species pairs has hindered progress toward understanding its evolutionary history. In particular, taxon sampling and analytical tools have been insufficient for large-scale cophylogenetic analyses. Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated for this study. We also developed a new analytical tool, Jane 2, for event-based phylogenetic reconciliation analysis of very large data sets. Separate Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for figs and fig wasps under relaxed molecular clock assumptions indicate Cretaceous diversification of crown groups and contemporaneous divergence for nearly half of all fig and pollinator lineages. Event-based cophylogenetic analyses further support the codiversification hypothesis. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the present-day distribution of fig and pollinator lineages is consistent with a Eurasian origin and subsequent dispersal, rather than with Gondwanan vicariance. Overall, our findings indicate that the fig-pollinator mutualism represents an extreme case among plant-insect interactions of coordinated dispersal and long-term codiversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Astrid Cruaud) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02650797v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01536447] Stay out (almost) all night contrasting responses in flight activity among tropical moth assemblages
Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Greg Lamarre) 25 Jan 2025
https://hal.science/hal-01536447v1
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[hal-01092614] Epidemiology of asexuality induced by the endosymbiotic Wolbachia across phytophagous wasp species: host plant specialization matters.
Among eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is by far the most predominant mode of reproduction. However, some systems maintaining sexuality appear particularly labile and raise intriguing questions on the evolutionary routes to asexuality. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is a form of spontaneous loss of sexuality leading to strong distortion of sex ratio towards females and resulting from mutation, hybridization or infection by bacterial endosymbionts. We investigated whether ecological specialization is a likely mechanism of spread of thelytoky within insect communities. Focusing on the highly specialized genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), we first performed a large literature survey to examine the distribution of thelytoky in these wasps across their respective obligate host plant families. Second, we tested for thelytoky caused by endosymbionts by screening in 15 arrhenotokous and 10 thelytokous species for Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus and Rickettsia endosymbionts and by performing antibiotic treatments. Finally, we performed phylogenetic reconstructions using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to examine the evolution of endosymbiont-mediated thelytoky in Megastigmus and its possible connections to host plant specialization. We demonstrate that thelytoky evolved from ancestral arrhenotoky through the horizontal transmission and the fixation of the parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia. We find that ecological specialization in Wolbachia's hosts was probably a critical driving force for Wolbachia infection and spread of thelytoky, but also a constraint. Our work further reinforces the hypothesis that community structure of insects is a major driver of the epidemiology of endosymbionts and that competitive interactions among closely related species may facilitate their horizontal transmission.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 30 Jun 2017
https://inria.hal.science/hal-01092614v1
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[hal-02625363] Promises and challenges in insect-plant interactions
There is tremendous diversity of interactions between plants and other species. These relationships range from antagonism to mutualism. Interactions of plants with members of their ecological community can lead to a profound metabolic reconfiguration of the plants’ physiology. This reconfiguration can favour beneficial organisms and deter antagonists like pathogens or herbivores. Determining the cellular and molecular dialogue between plants, microbes, and insects, and its ecological and evolutionary implications is important for understanding the options for each partner to adopt an adaptive response to its biotic environment. Moving forward, understanding how such ecological interactions are shaped by environmental change and how we potentially mitigate deleterious effects will be increasingly important. The development of integrative multidisciplinary approaches may provide new solutions to the major ecological and societal issues ahead of us. The rapid evolution of technology provides valuable tools and opens up novel ways to test hypotheses that were previously unanswerable, but requires that scientists master these tools, understand potential ethical problems flowing from their implementation, and train new generations of biologists with diverse technical skills. Here, we provide brief perspectives and discuss future promise and challenges for research on insect–plant interactions building on the 16th International Symposium on Insect–Plant interactions (SIP) meeting that was held in Tours, France (2–6 July 2017). Talks, posters, and discussions are distilled into key research areas in insect–plant interactions, highlighting the current state of the field and major challenges, and future directions for both applied and basic research.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Giron) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625363v1
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[hal-01204276] R-Syst
R-SYST est un réseau national regroupant une douzaine d'équipes de recherche (de deux départements INRA : SPE et EFPA) impliquées dans la caractérisation moléculaire et morphologique d'organismes. Ces équipes sont composées de techniciens, chercheurs et ingénieurs dans les domaines de la biologie moléculaire, génétique et bioinformatique. Ils gèrent des bases de données et conçoivent et mettent à disposition des outils d'analyses de ces données taxonomiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Abad) 23 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01204276v1
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[hal-02668740] Ecological effects of invasive alien insects
A literature survey identified 403 primary research publications that investigated the ecological effects of invasive alien insects and/or the mechanisms underlying these effects. The majority of these studies were published in the last 8 years and nearly two-thirds were carried out in North America.These publications concerned 72 invasive insect species, of which two ant species, Solenopsis invicta and Linepithema humile, accounted for 18% and 14% of the studies, respectively.Most publications investigated effects on native biodiversity at population or community level. Genetic effects and, to a lesser extent, effects on ecosystem services and processes were rarely explored. We review the effects caused by different insect invaders according to: their ecosystem roles, i.e. herbivores, predators, parasites,parasitoids and pollinators; the level of biological organisation at which they occur; and the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying these effects. The best documented effects occur in invasive ants,Eurasian forest herbivores invasive in North America,and honeybees. Impacts may occur through simple trophic interactions such as herbivory, predation or parasitism. Alien species may also affect native species and communities through more complex mechanisms such as competition for resources,disease transmission, apparent competition, or pollination disruption, among others. Finally, some invasive insects, particularly forest herbivores and ants, are known to affect ecosystem processes through cascading effects. We identify biases and gaps in our knowledge of ecological effects of invasive insects and suggest further opportunities for research.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Kenis) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02668740v1
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[hal-02756131] Assessing, classifying and scoring the environmental impact of invasive insects in pest risk analyses
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marc Kenis) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02756131v1
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[hal-04171739] Les scolytes du genre Xylosandrus à la conquête de l'Europe
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171739v1
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[hal-03643490] Understanding density-dependent polyphenism in melanism in sub-Arctic range expanding populations of the winter moth Operophtera brumata: an ecophysiological perspective
Density-dependent polyphenism of cuticle melanization is a widespread phenomenon in Lepidopteran caterpillars. In the sub-Arctic Fennoscandian birch forest, where the Winter Moth Operophtera brumata is expanding northward and exhibits 10-year cyclical outbreaks, crowding has been associated with the promotion of melanized larvae. No such striking polyphenism is reported at lower latitudes, possible due to lower densities. However, dark pigmentation does not seem to prevail either in populations currently invading North America despite outbreak densities, raising questions on the adaptive function of polyphenism in Fennoscandia. The evolutionary significance of melanism at high densities is not fully understood, but evidence is accumulating in a number of species that it can be associated with increased immunity, predator avoidance (camouflage, warning), or thermoregulation. In the winter moth, however, the camouflage and immunity hypotheses have been rejected, and melanization even appeared to increase enemy vulnerability. We hypothesized that melanization may be an intra- and inter-specific advantage over pale competitors during outbreaks if better absorption of solar radiation allows higher body temperature and earlier nymphosis (before total defoliation), especially at midnight sun latitudes. Such thermal melanism was tested by comparing metabolic rate and phenology among larval phenotypes. Metabolic rate was found to vary greatly but was 150% higher in melanized versus pale larvae under artificial light. The causal relationship with radiation absorption was further explored using respirometry with no light, and thermography. Preliminary results on the phenology of either phenotypes will be presented. Our findings suggest ecophysiological benefits of melanization that may offset its costs on enemy resistance during outbreaks. Sliding selection regimes caused by cold summers and cyclic dynamics at the northern front likely contribute to maintaining phenotypic heterogeneity, a parameter largely neglected in attempts to predict expansions and invasions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathieu Laparie) 15 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03643490v1
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[hal-02638263] Crossing frontiers in tackling pathways of biological Invasions
Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, and major frontiers in research and management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints, and discuss major challenges in four broad fields of pathway research and management: pathway classification, application of pathway information, management response, and management impact. We present approaches to describe and quantify pathway attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies of introduction effort, environmental and socioeconomic contexts) and how they interact with species traits and regional characteristics. We also provide recommendations for a research agenda with particular focus on emerging (or neglected) research questions and present new analytical tools in the context of pathway research and management.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Franz Essl) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02638263v1
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[hal-02624078] Blurring alien introduction pathways risks losing the focus on invasive species policy
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philip E Hulme) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02624078v1
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[hal-01602700] Troubling travellers: are ecologically harmful alien species associated with particular introduction pathways?
Prioritization of introduction pathways is seen as an important component of the management of biological invasions. We address whether established alien plants, mammals, freshwater fish and terrestrial invertebrates with known ecological impacts are associated with particular introduction pathways (release, escape, contaminant, stowaway, corridor and unaided). We used the information from the European alien species database DAISIE (www.europe-aliens.org) supplemented by the EASIN catalogue (European Alien Species Information Network), and expert knowledge. Plants introduced by the pathways release, corridor and unaided were disproportionately more likely to have ecological impacts than those introduced as contaminants. In contrast, impacts were not associated with particular introduction pathways for invertebrates, mammals or fish. Thus, while for plants management strategies should be targeted towards the appropriate pathways, for animals, management should focus on reducing the total number of taxa introduced, targeting those pathways responsible for high numbers of introductions. However, regardless of taxonomic group, having multiple introduction pathways increases the likelihood of the species having an ecological impact. This may simply reflect that species introduced by multiple pathways have high propagule pressure and so have a high probability of establishment. Clearly, patterns of invasion are determined by many interacting factors and management strategies should reflect this complexity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jan Pergl) 26 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01602700v1
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[hal-02796574] Modelling the spread of invasive species to support pest risk assessment: principles and application of a suite of generic models
The estimation of rates and patterns of spread is one of the key steps in a pest risk assessment. Pest risk analysts across the world wish to make quantitative, scientifically defensible assessments of likely spread by invasive alien species. However, data and time to develop detailed models for pest invasions are usually lacking and the resources to test those models in practice are not available. Therefore, generic and simple models are needed. A generic spread module composed of four models has been developed to assess the spread of plant pests. Four different models were developed to represent differences in objectives, available data and assumptions underlying the assessment of spread. The most complex of the models simulates spread in time and space and has four biological parameters, representing population growth and dispersal. The simplest of the models has only one parameter and considers only geographic range expansion. A third model assumes logistic growth of invaded area and a fourth model assumes logistic growth of population density in invaded cells. All models consider climatic suitability and presence of hosts. Consideration of economic value is optional. This chapter describes concepts and application of these models. They are illustrated by case studies for western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, in Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02796574v1
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[hal-02677625] The evolution of host use and unusual reproductive strategies in Achrysocharoides parasitoid wasps
We studied host selection and exploitation, two crucial aspects of parasite ecology, in Achrysocharoides parasitoid wasps, which show remarkable host specificity and unusual offspring sex allocation. We estimated a molecular phylogeny of 15 Achrysocharoides species and compared this with host (plant and insect) phylogenies. This tri-trophic phylogenetic comparison provides no evidence for cospeciation, but parasitoids do show phylogenetic conservation of the use of plant genera. Patterns of sequence divergence also suggest that the parasitoids radiated more recently (or evolved much faster) than their insect hosts. Three main categories of brood production occur in parasitoids: (1) solitary offspring, (2) mixed sex broods and (3) separate (split) sex broods. Split sex broods are very rare and virtually restricted to Achrysocharoides, while the other types occur very widely. Our phylogeny suggests that split sex broods have evolved twice and provides evidence for a transition from solitary to mixed sex broods, via split sex broods, as predicted by theory.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677625v1
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[hal-02659673] Sex pheromone of the pine sawfly Gilpinia pallida: chemical identification, synthesis and biological activity
We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, including analysis of the female pheromone content, male antennal response and attraction in the field, and synthesis of the most active pheromone component. Several 3,7-dimethyl-2-alkanols were identified from female whole-body extracts, including some compounds with a 2R configuration. This is the first observation of such compounds in a pine sawfly species. Antennae of male G. pallida responded strongly in electroantennograph (EAG) recordings to the (2S,3R,7R)-isomers of the propionates of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, and 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, as well as to the acetates of the tri- and pentadecanols (the acetate of the tetradecanol was not tested). The propionate of (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol caught more males in the field than the corresponding isomer of tri- or pentadecanol. We suggest that the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol is likely the main sex pheromone precursor in G. pallida, with a subsidiary role for the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of the tridecanol. Preparation of highly pure (2R,3R,7R)- and (2S,3R,7R)-stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tetradecanol, including the biological active esters, was performed via chemoenzymatic methods and is described in detail.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Erik Hedenström) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659673v1
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[hal-03533022] Plasticity of feeding behaviour traits in response to production environment (temperate vs. tropical) in group-housed growing pigs
Heat stress affects pig metabolism, health and welfare, resulting in reduced growth and important economic losses. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of two climatic environments [temperate (TEMP) vs. tropical humid (TROP)] on feeding behaviour in growing pigs. The feeding behaviour traits were measured with automated feeders and included: daily feed intake, daily eating time, feeding rate, daily number of meals, feed intake per meal, and feeding time per meal. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW, heat sensitive) and Creole (CR, heat tolerant) pigs. The same 10 F1 LW × CR boars (sire families [SF]) were mated with related LW sows in each environment. Feeding behaviour was recorded for a total of 1,296 pigs (n = 634 pigs for TEMP and n = 662 pigs for TROP) between 11 and 23 weeks of age. Growth performance and thermoregulatory responses (rectal and skin temperatures) were also measured. Results show that TROP conditions affect feeding behaviour traits: animals had more meals per day but these meals were smaller both in duration and in size, resulting in lower daily feed intake and less time eating per day. Significant SF by environment (GxE) interactions were found for all feeding behaviour traits. When SF were distributed into robust and sensitive groups (previously defined according to performance and thermoregulatory traits), results showed group by environment interactions for all feeding traits, except meal frequency. Moreover, a significant difference in feeding rate between robust and sensitive group was detected in TEMP, suggesting that feeding rate may be a good candidate to evaluate heat tolerance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nausicaa Poullet) 25 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03533022v1
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[hal-02370066] The rapid spread of Leptoglossus occidentalis in Europe: a bridgehead invasion
Retracing the routes of invasions and determining the origins of invading species is often critical in understanding biological invasions. The Western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, an insect native of western North America, was first accidentally introduced to eastern North America and then to Europe. The colonization of the entire European continent occurred in ca. 10–15 years, probably promoted by independent introductions in different parts of Europe. A multi-marker approach (mtDNA and microsatellites) combined with approximate Bayesian computation analyses was used to track the origin of European populations and to determine whether this rapid invasion was caused by multiple introductions. Our results show that at least two independent introductions of L. occidentalis have occurred in Europe. Moreover, the analyses showed a stronger genetic similarity of European invasive populations with the eastern North American populations than with those of the native range, suggesting that invasive North American population acted as a bridgehead for European invasion. The results also revealed that natural dispersal as well as human-mediated transportations as hitchhikers probably enhanced the rapid spread of this invasive pest across Europe. This study illustrates the complexity of a rapid invasion and confirms that bridgehead and multiple introductions have serious implications for the success of invasion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Lesieur) 15 Sep 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02370066v1
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[hal-02696827] Assessment of 10 years of maize pedigree breeding for European corn borer tolerance and high-yielding combining ability
A multitrait pedigree breeding system including evaluation for European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) tolerance and other agronomic traits (yield, earliness, stalk lodging) was used for 16 years to create inbred lines from very different temperate germplasms. The ultimate evaluation of the 63 inbred lines was made in comparison with stable known references. The results allowed us to classify this material into three tolerance classes to the insect and demonstrated the efficacy of the method. High-yielding combining ability might be associated with earliness, lodging tolerance and good insect tolerance. The value of some early flint European materials and of Argentinian sources was discussed to improve European corn borer tolerance. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02696827v1
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[hal-02693885] Effects of multitrait recurrent selection for European corn borer tolerance and for agronomic traits in FS12 maize synthetic
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Anglade) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02693885v1
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[hal-02852545] L'échantillonnage
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. Vaillant) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02852545v1
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[hal-02848760] Le maïs
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Patricia Anglade) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02848760v1
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[hal-03419963] Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation
Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed. We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Para state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure. We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape-related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements. Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yenny Correa‐carmona) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03419963v1
