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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 17 Jul 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[hal-03626749] Phénologie de la processionnaire du pin : vers de nouveaux outils de suivi à distance et en temps réel
La processionnaire du pin est un insecte urticant dont l’aire de distribution est en expansion sous l’effet du changement climatique. Sa phénologie montre aussi des signes d’évolution variables selon les régions. Sur un plan appliqué, l’occurrence du risque sanitaire au cours de l’année devient difficile à prévoir. Sur un plan académique se pose la question de la façon dont évolutions distributionnelle et phénologique vont interagir. Répondre à cette question demande d’acquérir de la donnée à une échelle spatiale plus large et à un pas de temps plus fin que ce que l’on a été capable de faire jusqu’ici. Des pièges permettant un suivi à distance du vol des papillons (marqueur du début d’une nouvelle génération) sont arrivés récemment sur le marché. Un des modèles que nous avons testé sur cette espèce est maintenant déployé en France et en Bulgarie. Deux prototypes de détecteur de processions (marquant la fin du développement larvaire) sont actuellement en cours de développement.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 31 Mar 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03626749v1
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[hal-03045949] Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees
Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gaëtane Le Provost) 17 Oct 2023
https://hal.science/hal-03045949v1
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[hal-03605955] Processionnaire du pin : impact du changement climatique
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Poitou) 11 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03605955v1
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[hal-03626702] Automatisation du suivi de la phénologie de la processionnaire du pin
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Louis Gross) 31 Mar 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03626702v1
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[hal-04498528] Dataset documenting prevalence and counts of pine processionary moth tents on local host trees in 3 regions of France with different climatic environments
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a defoliating lepidopter that develops during winter. The larvae are gregarious and bear urticating setae that are harmful to humans and vertebrates. They shelter in conspicuous silk tents that are easy to detect. We here present a dataset comprising tree characterization and tent counts from 3 agglomerations in France located in regions with different climatic environments. The studied trees belong to various conifer species that are potential hosts for the caterpillars. In each site, we defined clusters as one target tree and its 10–62 nearest neighbors, and surveyed each tree within the clusters by informing: tree species, coordinates, size, number of tents. We characterized a total of 3690 trees, including 2009 trees in Orléans (grouped in 68 clusters), 359 trees in La Baule (18 clusters) and 1322 trees in Montpellier (52 clusters). We provide the raw data characterizing each individual tree, graphs showing the prevalence and mean number of tents for the tree species included in the survey, and maps allowing to locate each tree. This dataset brings information about host preference of the pine processionary moth and will be useful as a baseline to study spatio-temporal variability of host-insect relationships. It can also be informative for decision-makers and managers of urban greenings to avoid trees that are likely to be heavily infested for plantation in proximity to vulnerable people.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhué) 11 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04498528v1
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[hal-02787008] Can we trust in historical data to disentangle the evolutionary history of introduction? Input of a genetic approach to compare the invasion histories of two seed chalcids (Megastigmus sp.) in France
In recent decades, the number of introduced species has increased due to the development of human activities such as trades and transports. Insect species developing within fruits or seeds are particularly difficult to detect and may have a high invasive potential. The insect genus Megastigmus is a group of micro-hymenoptera that mostly develop in seeds. Several species of Megastigmus have been accidentally introduced in different parts of the world through the exchange of seeds carrying hidden Megastigmus larvae. Among these species, two were introduced in France a century apart: the Douglas fir seed Chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus, was introduced from North America to Europe at the end of XIXth century, and the cedar seed chalcid, Megastigmus schimitscheki, was observed for the first time in southeastern France in the early 1990’s. To disentangle the evolutionary history of these introductions, we used two complementary approaches: (i) reviewing available historical data on the traceability of imported seed lots, and (ii) studying the patterns of genetic diversity of the invasive wasps in their native range compared to the invasive range. We combined mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellites to characterize several populations from both the areas, and our results suggest that we can trust the historical data for the Douglas-fir seed chalcid (i.e. sourced from the North American coast) even if some genetic data indicate that the history in the introduced range is likely complex. On the other hand, genetic results demonstrate an unambiguously Cypriot origin for the cedar seed chalcid, although the available historical data strongly suggested that Turkey could be the most plausible source area. We conclude that historical data may provide incomplete, sparse or misleading information on invasion history, and genetic analyses are essential to reconstruct the whole history.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02787008v1
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[hal-02790639] Using population genetics and genomic approaches to decipher the recent history of forest pest insects and improve management strategies
In the last decades, population genetics has proved to be a powerful tool to study differentiation and divergence of species at different spatial and temporal scales. Classical molecular markers, mostly mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci, were successfully used to characterize the natural structure of populations, to identify the environmental factors favouring or impeding gene flow, and to understand the driving forces of genetic differentiation. In the context of current global changes, population genetics was also used to disentangle the demographic processes during invasions and expansions and to characterize dispersion patterns. These approaches have often highlighted the complexity and the sometimes counterintuitive nature of the on-going scenarios. The development of new model-based methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), allows quantitative inferences and the explicit comparison of alternative scenarios. The recent advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized the field of population genetics, and now allows the development of genome-wide approaches even in non-model organisms. These major improvements provide most powerful tools to analyse the evolution of both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity. Taking the pine processionary moth as a case example, we will illustrate how population genetics and genomics can be used in forest entomology and bring valuable answers regarding invasion and expansion processes. In particular, we could identify signs of both diffusive dispersal and long-range movements during the expansion of this species in France, which suggests man-aided movements possibly linked to host plant trade. We will also show how genomic markers (RAD-seq) were developed and allowed to deeply explore a case of recent allochronic differentiation in Portugal, which resulted in the occurrence of a phenologically-shifted and highly divergent population for which specific management strategies must be applied.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790639v1
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[hal-03419963] Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation
Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed. We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Para state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure. We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape-related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements. Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yenny Correa‐carmona) 30 Apr 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03419963v1
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[hal-02811181] The ECOTROP field-school: integrating hands-on DNA barcoding into an education program for the census of invertebrate biodiversity in the Lopé National Park, Gabon
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibaud Decaëns) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02811181v1
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[hal-01536447] Stay out (almost) all night contrasting responses in flight activity among tropical moth assemblages
Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Greg Lamarre) 25 Jan 2025
https://hal.science/hal-01536447v1
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[hal-01602501] A citywide survey of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa spatial distribution in Orleans (France)
There is a growing recognition that urban trees provide various valuable benefits and services such as enhanced human wellbeing. However, they also have a cost in terms of public health either directly (allergies) or by harboring species representing health risk for humans. This paper focuses on such a forest insect species, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Its caterpillars develop gregariously during winter in a conspicuous silk nest in coniferous hosts. When disturbed, the larvae release urticating hairs that cause human or animal serious health problems. The purpose of our survey was to (1) inventory all individual trees belonging to potential host species and estimate the density of T. pityocampa (2) assess the spatial pattern of the insect population at the city scale. We conducted an exhaustive inventory of potential coniferous host trees in five municipalities (ca. 5000 ha) in the north of Orleans, France. Each tree was identified, geo-referenced and the number of moth nests it hosted was counted. A total of 9321 urban trees representing 11 coniferous taxonomic units were investigated. The distribution of T. pityocampa exhibited a marked spatial structure citywide. Geostatistics allowed to draw risk maps revealing strong patchiness. We provide the first estimate of T. pityocampa host tree preference in an urban context and found that Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris were the most attacked trees. We also report numerous cases of T. pityocampa occurrence on the exotic ornamental Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara. The management implications of our findings are two-fold: (1) risk maps constitute a useful framework for communication and public information, and can help developing control strategies; (2) some species frequently used for ornamental purposes are poor quality hosts regarding T. pityocampa and should therefore be preferred in public place usually frequented by vulnerable people (schools, nurseries, hospitals). (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier GmbH.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Pierre Rossi) 02 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01602501v1
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[hal-04171539] Worldwide tests of generic attractants, a promising tool for early detection of non-native cerambycid species
A large proportion of the insects which have invaded new regions and countries are emerging species, being found for the first time outside their native range. Being able to detect such species upon arrival at ports of entry before they establish in non-native countries is an urgent challenge. The deployment of traps baited with broad-spectrum semiochemical lures at ports-of-entry and other high-risk sites could be one such early detection tool. Rapid progress in the identification of semiochemicals for cerambycid beetles during the last 15 years has revealed that aggregation-sex pheromones and sex pheromones are often conserved at global levels for genera, tribes or subfamilies of the Cerambycidae. This possibly allows the development of generic attractants which attract multiple species simultaneously, especially when such pheromones are combined into blends. Here, we present the results of a worldwide field trial programme conducted during 2018–2021, using traps baited with a standardised 8-pheromone blend, usually complemented with plant volatiles. A total of 1308 traps were deployed at 302 sites covering simultaneously or sequentially 13 European countries, 10 Chinese provinces and some regions of the USA, Canada, Australia, Russia (Siberia) and the Caribbean (Martinique). We intended to test the following hypotheses: 1) if a species is regularly trapped in significant numbers by the blend on a continent, it increases the probability that it can be detected when it arrives in other countries/continents and 2) if the blend exerts an effective, generic attraction to multiple species, it is likely that previously unknown and unexpected species can be captured due to the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures within related taxa. A total of 78,321 longhorned beetles were trapped, representing 376 species from eight subfamilies, with 84 species captured in numbers greater than 50 individuals. Captures comprised 60 tribes, with 10 tribes including more than nine species trapped on different continents. Some invasive species were captured in both the native and invaded continents. This demonstrates the potential of multipheromone lures as effective tools for the detection of ‘unexpected’ cerambycid invaders, accidentally translocated outside their native ranges. Adding new pheromones with analogous well-conserved motifs is discussed, as well as the limitations of using such blends, especially for some cerambycid taxa which may be more attracted by the trap colour or other characteristics rather than to the chemical blend.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 27 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171539v1
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[hal-01092614] Epidemiology of asexuality induced by the endosymbiotic Wolbachia across phytophagous wasp species: host plant specialization matters.
Among eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is by far the most predominant mode of reproduction. However, some systems maintaining sexuality appear particularly labile and raise intriguing questions on the evolutionary routes to asexuality. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is a form of spontaneous loss of sexuality leading to strong distortion of sex ratio towards females and resulting from mutation, hybridization or infection by bacterial endosymbionts. We investigated whether ecological specialization is a likely mechanism of spread of thelytoky within insect communities. Focusing on the highly specialized genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), we first performed a large literature survey to examine the distribution of thelytoky in these wasps across their respective obligate host plant families. Second, we tested for thelytoky caused by endosymbionts by screening in 15 arrhenotokous and 10 thelytokous species for Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus and Rickettsia endosymbionts and by performing antibiotic treatments. Finally, we performed phylogenetic reconstructions using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to examine the evolution of endosymbiont-mediated thelytoky in Megastigmus and its possible connections to host plant specialization. We demonstrate that thelytoky evolved from ancestral arrhenotoky through the horizontal transmission and the fixation of the parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia. We find that ecological specialization in Wolbachia's hosts was probably a critical driving force for Wolbachia infection and spread of thelytoky, but also a constraint. Our work further reinforces the hypothesis that community structure of insects is a major driver of the epidemiology of endosymbionts and that competitive interactions among closely related species may facilitate their horizontal transmission.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 30 Jun 2017
https://inria.hal.science/hal-01092614v1
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[hal-05162545] Insect invasion success depends on taxon and trophic group
The majority of non-native animal species globally are insects, though some insect species are more successful invaders than others. These differences can be attributed, in part, to differences among dominant trophic groups. Previous analyses indicate that insect herbivores are generally over-represented among non-native species while other groups, such as predators, are under-represented. Here we explore how invasion success varies among insect taxa and trophic groups. We quantify over-representation in species grouped by taxon (order or family) and larval trophic group (herbivore, detritivore, predator, parasite, brood carer); over- and under-representation is computed by comparing proportional representation of groups among non-native species in 12 world regions with total numbers in these same groups globally. Although herbivores are generally the most successful group among non-natives, we found their invasion success to vary among their taxonomic groups: herbivores are over-represented among Hemiptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Hymenoptera, but under-represented among Lepidoptera and Orthoptera; similar patterns are seen at the family-level within orders. Even after accounting for trophic group, some orders were still over-represented. Within trophic groups, this pattern appeared strongest for herbivores, where predominantly parthenogenetic families belonging to the Hemiptera and Thysanoptera were over-represented in non-native assemblages, while families in the Lepidoptera and Polyneoptera were under-represented. Over time (1850s to 2000s), fractions of non-native species numbers in certain orders and trophic groups have varied, such as among parasites, where a considerable turnover took place from mostly bird-lice (Psocodea) in the 19 th century to parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera) in the 20 th century. It is thus likely that factors other than trophic group, such as associations with invasion pathways (e.g., plants, wood packaging), cause the observed differences in the over-representation of families belonging to different orders.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Richard Mally) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05162545v1
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[hal-02623059] Plant diversity drives global patterns of insect invasions
During the last two centuries, thousands of insect species have been transported ( largely inadvertently) and established outside of their native ranges worldwide, some with catastrophic ecological and economic impacts. Global variation in numbers of invading species depends on geographic variation in propagule pressure and heterogeneity of environmental resistance to invasions. Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis, proposed over sixty years ago, has been widely explored for plants but little is known on how biodiversity affects insect invasions. Here we use species inventories from 44 land areas, ranging from small oceanic islands to entire continents in various world regions, to show that numbers of established insect species are primarily driven by diversity of plants, with both native and non-native plant species richness being the strongest predictor of insect invasions. We find that at large spatial scales, plant diversity directly explains variation in non-native insect species richness among world regions, while geographic factors such as land area, climate and insularity largely affect insect invasions indirectly via their effects on local plant richness.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrew M. Liebhold) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623059v1
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[hal-03441511] Invasion disharmony in the global biogeography of native and non‐native beetle species
Aim The concept of "island disharmony" has been widely applied to describe the systematic over- and under-representation of taxa on islands compared to mainland regions. Here, we explore an extension of that concept to biological invasions. We compare biogeographical patterns in native and non-native beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages from around the world to test whether beetle invasions represent a random sample of species or whether some families are more prone to invade than others. Location Global. Methods Numbers of non-native beetle species established in ten regions worldwide were compared with the land area of each region. The distribution of species among families was compared with the distribution among families for all species native to the same region and with the distribution among families for the global pool of all known beetle species. Ordination analysis was used to characterize differences among native and non-native assemblages based upon the distribution of species among families. Results We report a total of 1,967 non-native beetle species across all ten regions, and a classic log-log relationship between numbers of species per region and land area though relationships are generally stronger for native assemblages. Some families (e.g., Dermestidae and Bostrichidae) are over-represented and others (e.g., Carabidae, Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae) are under-represented in non-native assemblages. The distribution of species among families is generally similar among native assemblages with greatest similarities among nearby regions. In contrast, non-native species assemblages are more similar to each other than to native species assemblages. Main conclusions Certain families are over-represented, and others are under-represented in non-native beetle assemblages compared to native assemblages, indicating "invasion disharmony" in the global representation of beetle families. Similarities in composition among non-native assemblages may reflect unobserved associations with invasion pathways and life-history traits that shape invasion success of different insect groups.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrew M Liebhold) 22 Nov 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03441511v1
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[hal-02629243] Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02629243v1
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[hal-01607783] No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hanno Seebens) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01607783v1
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[hal-04312043] Moths and butterflies on alien shores: Global biogeography of non‐native Lepidoptera
Abstract Aim Lepidoptera is a highly diverse, predominantly herbivorous insect order, with species transported to outside their native range largely facilitated by the global trade of plants and plant‐based goods. Analogous to island disharmony, we examine invasion disharmony, where species filtering during invasions increases systematic compositional differences between native and non‐native species assemblages, and test whether some families are more successful at establishing in non‐native regions than others. Location Hawaii, North America, Galapagos, Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Japan, Nansei Islands, Ogasawara Islands, Australia, New Zealand. Taxon Lepidoptera. Methods We compared numbers of non‐native, unintentionally introduced Lepidoptera species with the land area of 11 regions worldwide. Differences among native and non‐native assemblages in the distribution of species among families were investigated using ordination analysis. We tested whether invasion disharmony is explained by propagule pressure (proxied by species richness in border interceptions) and if families were associated with specific trade commodities. Results In total, 741 non‐native Lepidoptera species, accounting for 0.47% of the global diversity of lepidopterans, are established in at least one of the 11 regions. Crambidae, Pyralidae, Tineidae and Gracillariidae were particularly successful invaders, whereas the two most species‐rich families, Erebidae and Geometridae, were under‐represented among non‐native Lepidoptera. Much of the variation in species numbers in the native, and less so in the non‐native assemblages could be attributed to land area. Although native assemblages were similar among nearby regions, non‐native assemblages were not, suggesting geography had little effect on invasion disharmony. Comparison of established with intercepted species revealed that macromoth families were generally under‐represented in establishments, whereas several micromoth families were under‐represented in interceptions. This discrepancy may relate to greater detectability of larger species or high propagule pressure via associations with specific invasion pathways. Main conclusions Invasion disharmony in Lepidoptera appears to be driven by processes unrelated to the success of native assemblages. While native assemblages developed through long‐term evolutionary radiation, the composition of non‐native assemblages is driven by differential invasion pathways and traits affecting the establishment of founder populations that vary among families.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Richard Mally) 28 Nov 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312043v1
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[anses-04616086] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « l’avenant à la saisine de catégorisation de 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques incluant Xylotrechus chinensis »
Xylotrechus chinensis (XYLOCH) est un insecte longicorne originaire de la région paléarctique orientale (Chine, Corée du Nord, Corée du Sud, Japon et Taïwan) dont la présence a été signalée pour la première fois sur le territoire de l’Union européenne (UE) en Espagne (depuis 2013 en Catalogne, 2018 à Valence), en Grèce (depuis 2017 en Crète, 2019 à Athènes), en France (depuis 2017 en Occitanie, 2018 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine) et en Italie (depuis 2023 en Lombardie) où il cause des dégâts sur mûrier platane (Morus bombycis). Selon les données scientifiques fournies précédemment par l’Anses et dans un avis de l’EFSA publié en 2021 , cet organisme nuisible se développe préférentiellement dans les arbres de la famille des Moraceae (Morus alba, M. bombycis et M. australis). X. chinensis est inscrit depuis 2018 sur la liste d'alerte de l'OEPP . Dans son avis de 2021, l’EFSA indique que cet organisme remplit les critères pour être catégorisé comme organisme de quarantaine de l'Union européenne (UE) sans prendre en compte les éventuelles sous-espèces et en précisant comme autre source d'incertitude la réelle étendue de sa présence sur le territoire européen. Sur le territoire français X. chinensis a été classé temporairement comme organisme réglementé en 2022. Des actions de surveillance ont été conduites pour tenter de délimiter le périmètre des foyers observés et d’identifier les potentiels impacts. Des échanges ont eu lieu ultérieurement au niveau de l’UE concernant la possibilité de réglementer cet organisme sur le territoire de l’Union ; cette option n’a pas été retenue à ce stade compte tenu notamment des capacités de dispersion rapide de l’organisme nuisible et de son impact économique qui semble limité aux plantes du genre Morus. En France, la surveillance a mis en évidence des attaques sévères sur certains individus du genre Morus. Elle a également montré que les foyers concernent des surfaces importantes dans les régions de Sète et de Bordeaux; leur éradication ne semble pas réalisable d’autant qu’ils se situent dans des espaces urbanisés, ce qui complexifie la mise en œuvre de mesures de gestion. Pour autant, la mise en œuvre de mesures de lutte dans le but de maintenir un niveau de population le plus bas possible pour limiter les impacts et la propagation de l’organisme nuisible pourrait avoir du sens dans certains contextes compte tenu des éléments suivants : - les mûriers sont des arbres d’ornement dont la présence est relativement importante en particulier dans le sud de la France et certains de ces mûriers ont une valeur patrimoniale ; les foyers ont une surface encore limitée par rapport à l’aire de répartition des mûriers en France ; la gestion des arbres infestés peut représenter un enjeu de sécurité pour les municipalités ; même si jusqu’à présent, l’organisme n’a été identifié que sur mûrier dans l’UE, il n’est pas possible d’exclure à ce jour qu’il puisse s’attaquer à des espèces d’intérêt agronomique (des échanges sont en cours avec l’INRAE à ce sujet dans le but d’essayer de lever certaines incertitudes). (extrait)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 18 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04616086v1
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[halsde-00293181] Linking patterns and processes of species diversification in the cone flies Strobilomyia (Diptera : Anthomylidae)
Phytophagous insects provide useful models for the study of ecological speciation. Much attention has been paid to host shifts, whereas situations where closely related lineages of insects use the same plant during different time periods have been relatively neglected in previous studies of insect diversification. Flies of the genus Strobilomyia are major pests of conifers in Eurasia and North America. They are specialized feeders in cones and seeds of Abies (fir), Larix (larch) and Picea (spruce). This close association is accompanied by a large number of sympatric Strobilomyia species coexisting within each tree genus. We constructed a molecular phylogeny with a 1320 base-pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA that demonstrated contrasting patterns of speciation in larch cone flies, as opposed to spruce and fir cone flies; this despite their comparable geographic distributions and similar resource quality of the host. Species diversity is the highest on larch, and speciation is primarily driven by within-host phenological shifts, followed by allopatric speciation during geographical expansion. By contrast, fewer species exploit spruce and fir, and within-host phenological shifts did not occur. This study illustrates within-host adaptive radiation through phenological shifts, a neglected mode of sympatric speciation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J. M. Sachet) 03 Jul 2008
https://hal.science/halsde-00293181v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-04169153] Latitudinal gradient in avian insectivory: complementary effects of climate, habitat and bird diversity
According to the Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis (LBIH), the general increase in biodiversity towards lower latitudes can be partially explained by an increase in the intensity of biotic interactions. While LBIH received some support for plant-herbivores interactions, much less is known about how higher trophic levels may contribute to shape biotic interactions across latitudinal gradients. We hypothesized that the diversity of insectivorous birds increases towards lower latitude, leading to higher predation rates on insect herbivores. Location Europe. Taxon Insectivorous birds and pedunculate oaks. Methods We deployed plasticine caterpillars in 138 oak trees in 47 sites along a 19° latitudinal gradient in Europe to quantify bird insectivory through predation attempts. In addition, we used passive acoustic monitoring to (i) characterize the acoustic diversity of surrounding soundscapes; and (ii) infer both taxonomic and functional diversity of insectivorous birds from recordings. Results The functional diversity of insectivorous birds increased towards lower latitude. Bird predation increased with latitude, forest cover and bird acoustic diversity but decreased with mean annual temperature and functional richness of insectivorous birds. Contrary to our predictions, latitudinal clines in bird predation attempts were not directly mediated by changes in insectivorous bird diversity or acoustic diversity, but latitude and habitat still had independent effects on predation attempts. Main conclusions Our study does not fully support the predictions of the LBIH of more biotic interactions southwards and advocates for better accounting for activity and abundance of insectivorous birds when studying the large-scale variation in insect-tree interactions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Schillé) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04169153v1
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[hal-01652156] ‘Clickable’ 2,5-diketopiperazines as scaffolds for ligation of biomolecules: their use in Aβ inhibitor assembly
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (E. Dufour) 30 Nov 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01652156v1
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[hal-02668026] Alien species in a warmer world : risks and opportunities
Climate change and biological invasions are key processes affecting global biodiversity, yet their effects have usually been considered separately. Here, we emphasise that global warming has enabled alien species to expand into regions in which they previously could not survive and reproduce. Based on a review of climate-mediated biological invasions of plants, invertebrates,fishes and birds, we discuss the ways in which climate change influences biological invasions. We emphasise the role of alien species in a more dynamic context of shifting species’ ranges and changing communities. Under these circumstances, management practices regarding the occurrence of ‘new’ species could range from complete eradication to tolerance and even consideration of the ‘new’ species as an enrichment of local biodiversity and key elements to maintain ecosystem services.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gian-Reto Walther) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02668026v1
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[hal-02798025] Modeling the Spatio-temporal Dynamics of the Pine Processionary Moth
This chapter summarizes several modeling studies conducted on the pine processionary moth range expansion in a spatio-temporally heterogeneous environment. These studies provide new approaches for analyzing and modeling range expansions and contribute to a better understanding of the effects of a wide variety of factors on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the pine processionary moth. These dynamics mostly depend on the dispersal, survival and reproduction characteristics of the species, and these characteristics fluctuate in time and space, depending on environmental and biological factors
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lionel Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02798025v1
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[hal-04236301] The evolutionary history of capital-breeding moths through the lens of wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) phylogenomics
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are large capital-breeding insects with non-feeding adults that have short lifespan entirely devoted to reproduction. They exhibit a dazzling diversity of sizes, forms, and life-histories inviting questions about the role that key traits may have played in spurring out species diversification and biogeographical movements in organisms with such extreme reproductive strategy. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct their evolutionary history in space and time. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results led us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification. Saturniids most likely originated in the Neotropics, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (ca 64.0-52.0 Ma). Old World lineages stemmed from two independent colonization events during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering-Land-Bridge. Extant subfamilies showed limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. These results provide a framework for the integration of saturniid evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation, as well as for in-depth investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics in all lineages and of the role that key innovations played in driving species diversification of these capital-breeding moths.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236301v1
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[hal-01209971] R-SYST network : a French consortium for barcoding and species identification
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Agnes Bouchez) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01209971v1
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[hal-01204276] R-Syst
R-SYST est un réseau national regroupant une douzaine d'équipes de recherche (de deux départements INRA : SPE et EFPA) impliquées dans la caractérisation moléculaire et morphologique d'organismes. Ces équipes sont composées de techniciens, chercheurs et ingénieurs dans les domaines de la biologie moléculaire, génétique et bioinformatique. Ils gèrent des bases de données et conçoivent et mettent à disposition des outils d'analyses de ces données taxonomiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Abad) 23 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01204276v1
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[hal-02695337] Efficiency of spraying mountain pine cones with oleoresin of Swiss stone pine cones to prevent insect attack
The difference in cone colonization by specialized insects that had been observed between Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) and mountain pine (P. uncinata Ram.) prompted us to test whether volatiles and oleoresin of Swiss stone pine cones may serve as a barrier for insect attack. The volatiles emitted by cones of both pine species were sampled using headspace techniques in the French Alps. The cone volatiles of both species essentially consisted of seven similar monoterpenes, but the terpene profiles markedly differed between species. α-Pinene (67% of the total), β-pinene, and limonene + β-phellandrene were dominant in the cone volatiles of Swiss stone pine, while the cone emissions of mountain pine showed no dominant terpenoid. The cone oleoresin of P. cembra significantly differed from cone volatiles by a lower level of α-pinene and higher levels of β-pinene and limonene + β-phellandrene. Field sprays of mountain pine cones with oleoresin extracts of Swiss stone pine cones significantly reduced the overall damage of specialized cone insects. None of the cones sprayed with oleoresin were attacked, whereas 11% and 31% of the unsprayed control cones were damaged by insects. Specific cone damage due to a cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and a cone pyralid, Dioryctria mutatella Fuchs (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were significantly decreased in one year. The volatile profile of the sprayed cones differed markedly from that of unsprayed mountain pine cones, especially in the higher level of myrcene. However, the volatile profile of the sprayed cones also differed from that of the oleoresin extract used for spraying. The role of monoterpenes in protecting the sprayed cones from insect attack is discussed.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laurent Dormont) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02695337v1
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[anses-04608634] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Euplatypus hintzi »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL1 en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF2. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères ravageurs des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France métropolitaine continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non présents sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : - Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; - Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 11 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04608634v1
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[hal-04672656] Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence
In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Soubeyrand) 26 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04672656v1
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[hal-03533022] Plasticity of feeding behaviour traits in response to production environment (temperate vs. tropical) in group-housed growing pigs
Heat stress affects pig metabolism, health and welfare, resulting in reduced growth and important economic losses. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of two climatic environments [temperate (TEMP) vs. tropical humid (TROP)] on feeding behaviour in growing pigs. The feeding behaviour traits were measured with automated feeders and included: daily feed intake, daily eating time, feeding rate, daily number of meals, feed intake per meal, and feeding time per meal. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW, heat sensitive) and Creole (CR, heat tolerant) pigs. The same 10 F1 LW × CR boars (sire families [SF]) were mated with related LW sows in each environment. Feeding behaviour was recorded for a total of 1,296 pigs (n = 634 pigs for TEMP and n = 662 pigs for TROP) between 11 and 23 weeks of age. Growth performance and thermoregulatory responses (rectal and skin temperatures) were also measured. Results show that TROP conditions affect feeding behaviour traits: animals had more meals per day but these meals were smaller both in duration and in size, resulting in lower daily feed intake and less time eating per day. Significant SF by environment (GxE) interactions were found for all feeding behaviour traits. When SF were distributed into robust and sensitive groups (previously defined according to performance and thermoregulatory traits), results showed group by environment interactions for all feeding traits, except meal frequency. Moreover, a significant difference in feeding rate between robust and sensitive group was detected in TEMP, suggesting that feeding rate may be a good candidate to evaluate heat tolerance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nausicaa Poullet) 25 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03533022v1
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[hal-04449380] Multi-tissue metabolic and transcriptomic responses to a short-term heat stress in swine
Background Heat stress (HS) is an increasing threat for pig production with a wide range of impacts. When submitted to high temperatures, pigs will use a variety of strategies to alleviate the effect of HS. While systemic adaptations are well known, tissue-specific changes remain poorly understood. In this study, thirty-two pigs were submitted to a 5-day HS at 32 °C. Results Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on several tissues. The results revealed differentially expressed genes and metabolites in different tissues. Specifically, 481, 1774, 71, 1572, 17, 164, and 169 genes were differentially expressed in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, blood, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands, respectively. Regulatory glands (pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal) had a lower number of regulated genes, perhaps indicating an earlier sensitivity to HS. In addition, 7, 8, 2, and 8 metabolites were differentially produced in muscle, liver, plasma, and urine, respectively. The study also focused on the oxidative stress pathway in muscle and liver by performing a correlation analysis between genes and metabolites. Conclusions This study has identified various adaptation mechanisms in swine that enable them to cope with heat stress (HS). These mechanisms include a global decrease in energetic metabolism, as well as changes in metabolic precursors that are linked with protein and lipid catabolism and anabolism. Notably, the adaptation mechanisms differ significantly between regulatory (pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands) and effector tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, liver and blood). Our findings provide new insights into the comprehension of HS adaptation mechanisms in swine.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 12 Feb 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04449380v1
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[hal-03881017] Multi-omics and multi-tissues data to improve the understanding of heat stress adaptation mechanisms
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 01 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03881017v1
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[hal-02613360] Understanding the impacts of widespread forest die-offs across France, Germany, and China
Metabarcoding increases the taxonomic resolution and geographic scale at which researchers can assess the impacts of climate change on insect communities in forests
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 20 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02613360v1
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[hal-01228847] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire [i]Plasmopara halstedii[/i] agent responsable de la maladie du mildiou du tournesol
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Frederic Suffert) 13 Nov 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01228847v1
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[hal-02653040] Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2011-30 september 2011
This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis,Menippe mercenaria,Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontarinia mangiferae, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus rhombus, Tetraponera aethiops, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Tuta absoluta and Ugni molinae. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barilius bendelisis, Chiromantes haematocheir, Eriocheir sinensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalix, Eucalyptus globulus, Garra litaninsis vishwanath, Garra para lissorhynchus, Guindilla trinervis, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Luma chequen. Guayaba, Myrceugenia colchagu¨ensis, Myrceugenia correifolia, Myrceugenia exsucca, Parasesarma plicatum, Parus major, Portunus pelagicus, Psidium guayaba, Schizothorax richardsonii, Scophthalmus maximus, Tetraponera latifrons, Thaumetopoea bonjeani, Thaumetopoea ispartensis, Thaumetopoea libanotica, Thaumetopoea pinivora, Thaumetopoea pityocampa ena clade, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni and Tor putitora. This article also documents the addition of nine EPIC primer pairs for Euphaea decorata, Euphaea formosa, Euphaea ornata and Euphaea yayeyamana.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S.W. A'Hara) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02653040v1
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[hal-04171626] Past, present and future potential geographical distribution of Xylosandrus crassiusculus in Europe
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171626v1
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[hal-04171659] Contrasting invasion history in two ambrosia beetles of the Xylosandrus genus
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 26 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171659v1
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[hal-04311985] New species and new records of exotic Scolytinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Europe
Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) are amongst the most important wood-boring insects introduced to Europe. During field investigations conducted between 2019 and 2021 in different countries and regions of Europe, many exotic species have been recorded providing new and relevant data. Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama, 1933) is recorded in Europe for the first time. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) is a species new to Italy, while Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), Hypothenemus eruditus (Westwood, 1836) and Amasa sp. near A. truncata are new country records for Portugal. Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894), Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris, 1852) were collected in Italy and Amasa sp. near A. truncata was collected in France after the first discovery, confirming their establishment and their dispersal into new areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matteo Marchioro) 17 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04311985v1
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[hal-04311994] Early detection of pine wilt disease tree candidates using time-series of spectral signatures
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), poses a tremendous threat to global pine forests because it can result in rapid and widespread infestations within months, leading to large-scale tree mortality. Therefore, the implementation of preventive measures relies on early detection of PWD. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral images (HSI) can detect tree-level changes and are thus an effective tool for forest change detection. However, previous studies mainly used single-date UAV-based HSI data, which could not monitor the temporal changes of disease distribution and determine the optimal detection period. To achieve these purposes, multi-temporal data is required. In this study, Pinus koraiensis stands were surveyed in the field from May to October during an outbreak of PWD. Concurrently, multi-temporal UAV-based red, green, and blue bands (RGB) and HSI data were also obtained. During the survey, 59 trees were confirmed to be infested with PWD, and 59 non-infested trees were used as control. Spectral features of each tree crown, such as spectral reflectance, first and second-order spectral derivatives, and vegetation indices (VIs), were analyzed to identify those useful for early monitoring of PWD. The Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm was used to examine the separability between the two groups of trees (control and infested trees). The results showed that: (1) the responses of the tree crown spectral features to PWD infestation could be detected before symptoms were noticeable in RGB data and field surveys; (2) the spectral derivatives were the most discriminable variables, followed by spectral reflectance and VIs; (3) based on the HSI data from July to October, the two groups of trees were successfully separated using the RF classifier, with an overall classification accuracy of 0.75–0.95. Our results illustrate the potential of UAV-based HSI for PWD early monitoring.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Run Yu) 17 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04311994v1
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[hal-04175412] The fast invasion of Europe by the box tree moth: an additional example coupling multiple introduction events, bridgehead effects and admixture events
Identifying the invasion routes of non-native species is crucial to understanding invasions and customizing management strategies. The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis , is native to Asia and was recently accidentally introduced into Europe as a result of the ornamental plant trade. Over the last 15 years, it has spread across the continent and has reached the Caucasus and Iran. It is threatening Buxus trees in both urban areas and forests. To investigate the species’ invasion routes, native and invasive box tree moth populations were sampled, and moth’s genetic diversity and structure were compared using microsatellite markers. Our approximate Bayesian computation analyses strongly suggest that invasion pathways were complex. Primary introductions originating from eastern China probably occurred independently twice in Germany and once in the Netherlands. There were also possibly bridgehead effects, where at least three invasive populations may have served as sources for other invasive populations within Europe, with indication of admixture between the two primary invasive populations. The bridgehead populations were likely those in the countries that play a major role in the ornamental plant trade in Europe, notably Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy. All these invasion processes likely facilitated its fast expansion across Europe and illustrate the role played by the ornamental plant trade not only in the moth’s introduction from China but also in the species’ spread across Europe, leading to an invasion with a complex pattern.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Bras) 09 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04175412v1
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[hal-03604168] Modelling the flight trajectories of Monochamus galloprovincialis in heterogeneous landscapes
Potential spread of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is driven by both insect vector and human-mediated dispersal. At local scale, dispersal capacity of the vector may explain the failure of eradication measures such as host tree removal. In Europe, the PWN is transported by the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis. Although the insect is known to disperse at short distances following mark-release-recapture experiments, the insect is able to fly rather long distances on a flight mill (cumulated distance of 16 km on average and up to 63 km). A first dispersal model was developed to describe the flight trajectory of M. galloprovincialis in non-fragmented pine forests. The shape of the dispersal kernel was fitted to the data recorded in the flight mill experiment to capture the proportion of long-distance flights compared to short-distance flights. Then, the dispersal model was refined to flight distances recorded in the field using data from the mark-recapture experiments conducted in a pine forest. Here, we will present how this model was adapted to simulate the dispersal of the insect vector in heterogeneous landscapes, e.g. a mosaic of pines, broadleaf trees, and open areas. This model was fitted to recent data from other mark-release-recapture experiments in such diverse landscapes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 16 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03604168v1
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[hal-02799280] Climate Warming and Past and Present Distribution of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.) in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa
Pine processionary moth, Thaumetopea pityocampa, is a model insect indicator of global warming, the northwards and upwards range expansion of this Mediterranean species being directly associated with the recent warming up. The knowledge about the drivers of moth expansion is synthesized. A first standardized mapping of the northern expansion edge, from Western Europe to Turkey, is presented, then detailed for 20 countries of Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, including future trends. Additional data about the responses of the other Thaumetopoea species are given. Finally, the chapter points out the importance of the man-mediated introductions in the expansion process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799280v1
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[hal-01603928] Recent and fast invasion in Europe: The case of the Western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis.
Recent and fast invasion in Europe: The case of the Western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis. . ICE 2016; XXV International Congress of Entomology
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01603928v1
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[hal-04160992] Management options for non-native forest pests along their invasion pathways
Editorial of a special issue of Neobiota on "Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Jactel) 13 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04160992v1
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[hal-05087095] Ravageurs sur eucalyptus
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François-Xavier Saintonge) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05087095v1
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[hal-02626247] Is Leptoglossus occidentalis entirely responsible for the high damage observed on cones and seeds of Pinus pinea? Results from a fertirrigation trial in Portugal
The uncertainty surrounding the part played by an invasive North American seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, in the observed decrease in seed production of the Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinea, is a limiting factor for its management. Furthermore, the possibility of increasing cone production through irrigation and fertilization regimes is gaining interest among landowners, but its effects on insect pests are still unknown. Using bagged branches in the field, we aimed at evaluating the impact of L. occidentalis on young and mature cones of stone pine trees submitted to fertirrigation (FR) compared to trees with no treatment (C). For two consecutive years (2015 and 2016), we carried out both an insect-exclusion trial and an insect-bagged trial. In the first one, polyester-covered branches, excluding insects, were compared to branches exposed to natural insect infestation. In the second trial, bags included either two adult bugs or 3-4 third-instar nymphs, placed there for one month during mid-summer, or were kept without insects. Branch protection resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality of second-year conelets which dropped to 6% compared to 30% in exposed branches. Seed damage also decreased from 60% on exposed branches to 10% on protected ones. The presence of nymphs in the bags resulted in a mortality of second-year conelets 63% higher than in exclusion bags, whereas adults had no effect. In contrast, bags with adults presented the highest seed damage. The partial damage of the kernel can be a signature of L. occidentalis feeding since such damage was not observed in exclusion bags. Additionally, another type of seed damage, showing a wholly shrunken and dry embryo without remaining endosperm, and a reduction in the number of extractable seeds may also be attributed to this seed bug. Overall, seed damage per mature cone reached up to 12% in bags with two adult bugs enclosed for a month, i.e., twice the seed damage in protected cones. Overall, FR trees were more susceptible to both conelet mortality and seed damage. In the particular case of L. occidentalis, FR regime influenced the consumption positively by the nymphs but not by adults.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana Cristina Oliveira Farinha) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626247v1
