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[hal-05785168] Global change threatens the biodiversity of cold regions: current knowledge and priorities for further research
Cold regions are among the most pristine areas remaining globally, hosting unique fauna and flora. Historically, these regions have often been refugia from land-use change, resource exploitation and pollution, but climate warming and biological invasions increasingly constitute profound threats. Focusing on terrestrial plant and invertebrate species, we provide an overview of the impacts of climate change and biological invasions on the biodiversity of cold regions, from the individual to the species level, and discuss pervasive challenges to understanding and managing these impacts. In particular, we explore the consequences of climate change and biological invasions in the contexts of individual physiology, population dynamics, and species redistribution. We suggest new research avenues by identifying priorities for future studies on plants and invertebrates of cold regions in the context of concurrent climate change and biological invasion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Renault) 08 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05785168v1
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[hal-03302392] Are Invasive Patterns of Non-native Insects Related to Woody Plants Differing Between Europe and China?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 27 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03302392v1
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[hal-03609676] A first inference of the phylogeography of the worldwide invader Xylosandrus compactus
Native to Southeastern Asia, the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus is invasive worldwide. Its invasion is favoured by its cryptic lifestyle, symbiosis with a fungus that facilitates a broad range of host plants, and predominant sib-mating reproduction. X. compactus invaded Africa more than a century ago and the Americas and Pacific Islands in the middle of the twentieth century. It was not detected in Europe before 2011, when it was first reported in Italy before quickly spreading to France, Greece and Spain. Despite the negative environmental, agricultural and economic consequences of the invasion of X. compactus, its invasion history and main pathways remain poorly documented. We used COI and RAD sequencing to (i) characterise the worldwide genetic structure of the species, (ii) disentangle the origin(s) of the non-native populations on the three invaded continents and (iii) analyse the genetic diversity and pathways within each invaded region. Three mitochondrial lineages were identified in the native range. Populations invading Europe and the American-Pacific region originated from the first lineage and were only slightly genetically differentiated at nuclear SNP markers, suggesting independent introductions from close sources in or near Shanghai, ca. 60 years apart. Populations invading Africa originated from the second lineage, likely from India or Vietnam.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Teddy Urvois) 06 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03609676v1
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[hal-04312053] Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)
Human‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 19 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312053v1
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[hal-05551275] Two new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from New Caledonia inducing galls on Glochidion billardierei (Phyllanthaceae) and redescription of C. xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880)
New Caledonia is a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of micro-endemism, yet its gracillariid fauna remains poorly documented. Here, two new species of Caloptilia Hübner, 1825 (Gracillariidae) are described from Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Phyllanthaceae) host plants in Parc des Grandes Fougères, New Caledonia: Caloptilia augeas Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken & Ohshima, sp. nov ., and Caloptilia ceryneia Guiguet, Lopez-Vaamonde, van Nieukerken & Ohshima, sp. nov . Both species induce leaf galls on Glochidion billardierei Baill., co-occurring on the same host species, sometimes even on the same leaf. They exhibit distinct wing patterns, but very similar male and female genitalia, and DNA barcoding supports their status as separate species. These findings provide evidence for potential within-host sympatric speciation, as documented in other gall-inducing insects. The larval biology of C. augeas and C. ceryneia reveals a unique frass disposal behaviour, whereby waste is excreted through a hole and the aperture is subsequently sealed—an adaptation not previously reported in gall-inducing Lepidoptera. Our findings double the known number of gall-inducing species in Gracillariidae, highlighting that this life history strategy may be more common than currently appreciated. We also provide new information on distribution and host plants of Caloptilia xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880), a leaf roller found on the same host plant, G. billardierei . These findings mark the first records of the subfamily Gracillariinae in New Caledonia. This study underscores the underexplored diversity of New Caledonian gracillariids and emphasises the conservation value of Parc des Grandes Fougères. Further surveys in the Indo-Pacific region may reveal additional yet undescribed Caloptilia species associated with Phyllanthaceae and help clarify the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning their diversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antoine Guiguet) 13 Mar 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05551275v1
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[hal-03302268] Invasion History of Sirex noctilio Based on COI Sequence: The First Six Years in China
Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae: Siricinae), a new invasive species in China, is a significant international forestry pest which, transported via logs and related wood packing materials, has led to environmental damage and substantial economic loss in many countries around the world. It was first detected in China in 2013, and since then infestations have been found in 18 additional sites. Using a 322 bp fragment of the mitochondrial barcode gene COI, we studied the genetic diversity and structure of S. noctilio populations in both native and invaded ranges, with a specific focus in China. Twelve haplotypes were found across the native and invaded distribution of the pest, of which three were dominant; among these there were only one or two mutational steps between each pair of haplotypes. No obvious genetic structure was found other than in Chinese populations. China has a unique and dominant haplotype not found elsewhere, and compared with the rest of the world, the genetic structure of Chinese populations suggested a multiple invasion scenario.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Xueting Sun) 27 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03302268v1
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[hal-05042697] Seven mitochondrial genomes of tribe Hylurgini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Eurasia and their phylogenetic analysis
The Hylurgini tribe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) comprises commercially significant bark beetles, including invasive species within the genera Dendroctonus and Hylurgus . These invasive species coexist with native Tomicus species of Hylurgini and cooperatively infest host trees in China. However, we lack sufficient mitochondrial genome data of Hylurgini to conduct phylogenetic studies, clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the above species, and improve the understanding of niche divergence and common hazards. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of seven Hylurgini species, including Dendroctonus valens , Hylurgus ligniperda , Hylurgus micklitzi , Tomicus piniperda , Tomicus brevipilosus , Tomicus minor and Tomicus yunnanensis . All sequenced mitochondrial genomes ranged from 15,339 bp to 17,545 bp in length, and their AT contents ranged from 73.24% to 78.81%. The structure of the seven mitochondrial genomes was consistent with that of ancestral insects. Based on 13 protein-coding genes from the reported mitochondrial genomes of 29 species of bark beetles, we constructed phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The topology of the two phylogenetic trees was almost consistent. The findings elucidated the taxonomy classification of Hylurgini and the evolutionary connections of its sister taxa within the Scolytinae. This study offers insights for examining the evolutionary connections between invasive and native bark beetles, as well as the molecular identification and detection of newly invading species.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Na An) 22 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05042697v1
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[hal-05314497] One is a worldwide invader, the other never established in other continents: contrasted phylogeographic patterns of two congeneric Hylurgus conifer bark beetles
In the Western Palaearctic, the congeneric bark beetles Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylurgus micklitzi are developing on pine trees. Although H. ligniperda has a larger native range in Europe, both species often occur in sympatry in the Mediterranean Basin. They share rather similar life histories, thus providing an excellent model for comparative studies on species differentiation and ecological traits. Moreover, along with increasing human activities and international trade, H. ligniperda has invaded all continents, whereas H. micklitzi remains confined to the Mediterranean Basin. Our research utilised COI markers to assess the genetic diversity and structure, alongside the demographic history, of both species and revealed marked differences. H. micklitzi exhibited low genetic diversity and shallow population structures with restricted expansion. In contrast, H. ligniperda displayed a longer and more complex post-glacial evolutionary route with four distinct clades originating from separate glacial refugia, coupled with considerable genetic variability across Europe. Comparative analyses about the two species suggest that species traits, such as larger body size, increased voltinism, broader ecological niches and frequent introduction events may have helped the fast global invasion and spread of H. ligniperda over the past century.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yuan Yuan) 14 Oct 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05314497v1
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[hal-04312000] Early Monitoring of Forest Wood-Boring Pests with Remote Sensing
Wood-boring pests (WBPs) pose an enormous threat to global forest ecosystems because their early stage infestations show no visible symptoms and can result in rapid and widespread infestations at later stages, leading to large-scale tree death. Therefore, early-stage WBP detection is crucial for prompt management response. Early detection of WBPs requires advanced and effective methods like remote sensing. This review summarizes the applications of various remote sensing sensors, platforms, and detection methods for monitoring WBP infestations. The current capabilities, gaps in capabilities, and future potential for the accurate and rapid detection of WBPs are highlighted.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Youqing Luo) 16 Apr 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312000v1
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[hal-04871434] Tracking the North American Asian Longhorned Beetle Invasion With Genomics
Biological invasions pose significant threats to ecological and economic stability, with invasive pests like the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, ALB) causing substantial damage to forest ecosystems. Effective pest management relies on comprehensive knowledge of the insect's biology and invasion history. This study uses genomics to address these knowledge gaps and inform existing biosurveillance frameworks. We used 2768 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to compare invasive A. glabripennis populations in North America, using genomic variation to trace their sources of invasion and spread patterns, thereby refining our understanding of this species' invasion history. We found that most North American A. glabripennis infestations were distinct, resulting from multiple independent introductions from the native range. Following their introduction, all invasive populations experienced a genetic bottleneck which was followed by a population expansion, with a few also showing secondary spread to satellite infestations. Our study provides a foundation for a genome-based biosurveillance tool that can be used to clarify the origin of intercepted individuals, allowing regulatory agencies to strengthen biosecurity measures against this invasive beetle.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mingming Cui) 07 Jan 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04871434v1
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[hal-04311994] Early detection of pine wilt disease tree candidates using time-series of spectral signatures
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), poses a tremendous threat to global pine forests because it can result in rapid and widespread infestations within months, leading to large-scale tree mortality. Therefore, the implementation of preventive measures relies on early detection of PWD. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral images (HSI) can detect tree-level changes and are thus an effective tool for forest change detection. However, previous studies mainly used single-date UAV-based HSI data, which could not monitor the temporal changes of disease distribution and determine the optimal detection period. To achieve these purposes, multi-temporal data is required. In this study, Pinus koraiensis stands were surveyed in the field from May to October during an outbreak of PWD. Concurrently, multi-temporal UAV-based red, green, and blue bands (RGB) and HSI data were also obtained. During the survey, 59 trees were confirmed to be infested with PWD, and 59 non-infested trees were used as control. Spectral features of each tree crown, such as spectral reflectance, first and second-order spectral derivatives, and vegetation indices (VIs), were analyzed to identify those useful for early monitoring of PWD. The Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm was used to examine the separability between the two groups of trees (control and infested trees). The results showed that: (1) the responses of the tree crown spectral features to PWD infestation could be detected before symptoms were noticeable in RGB data and field surveys; (2) the spectral derivatives were the most discriminable variables, followed by spectral reflectance and VIs; (3) based on the HSI data from July to October, the two groups of trees were successfully separated using the RF classifier, with an overall classification accuracy of 0.75–0.95. Our results illustrate the potential of UAV-based HSI for PWD early monitoring.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Run Yu) 17 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04311994v1
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[hal-04175419] Towards a global sentinel plants research strategy to prevent new introductions of non-native pests and pathogens in forests. The experience of HOMED
The use of sentinel woody plants in experimental plantings, Botanical Gardens and Arboreta has been experimentally validated as a tool for identifying possible unknown future threats prior to their introduction into new countries. Sentinel Plantings were recently established in Italy, France, Switzerland, China and South Africa, using a common experimental design. The plantings included various tree and shrub species of broadleaves and conifers. Two planting types were established, each with different objectives. In-patria plantings using native plants aim to estimate, in absence of any phytosanitary treatments, the associations and infestation rates of native insects susceptible to be exported to other countries with that particular commodity. Ex-patria plantings using non-native plants are relevant to identify native insect species capable of switching to the non-native plant that would otherwise be impossible to predict prior to its introduction. In the frame of the EU project HOMED, we have implemented this concept, widening the use of this tool simultaneously to many different countries and continents
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Duccio Migliorini) 06 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04175419v1
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[hal-03049947] Direct and Indirect Analysis of the Elevational Shift of Larch Budmoth Outbreaks Along an Elevation Gradient
Larch budmoth (LBM) periodically defoliates alpine stands of European larch during vast outbreaks occurring generally at 8-10 year intervals. LBM outbreaks recently declined and the ongoing global warming has been pointed out as a possible cause of this decline. In this article, we reconstructed the recent history of LBM outbreaks at different elevations along a larch elevational gradient in the French Alps using direct and indirect observations based on tree-ring width and density analysis, and compared it with local climatic data. We found that LBM outbreaks time-series were better reconstructed with latewood density than with ring width. We also found that there was a recent but limited elevational shift of LBM outbreaks from medium toward higher elevations. We suggest that this elevational shift is a consequence of the variable effect of the global warming at the different elevations. Winter warming is expected to affect differently the timing of LBM egg hatch as well as that of larch bud flush, larvae being at present susceptible to emerge whereas no needles are available as food at the former optimal elevation. A better synchronization between larch and LBM may exist at higher elevations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Rozenberg) 10 Dec 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03049947v1
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[hal-05725803] First record of Menophra harterti (Rothschild, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) for the Iberian Peninsula
The Strait of Gibraltar serves as a critical corridor for biological exchange between Africa and Europe, enabling the dispersal of numerous migratory species, including Lepidoptera. In recent years, southern Spain—particularly the area around Tarifa—has become a hotspot for the detection of African moth species newly recorded in Europe. The Field Centre at CIMA (Centro Internacional de Migración de Aves) located just 15 kilometres from the northern coast of Africa, has yielded several significant discoveries, including Infurcitinea maura (Petersen, 1962) (GRUNDY & MUUS, 2021), and Tytroca dispar (Püngeler, 1904) (GRUNDY et al., 2024). Additionally, the site has yielded the second European mainland records of Eublemma baccatrix (Hacker, 2019) (KNAPP et al., 2022) and Agrotis subspinifera (Hampson, 1903) (GRUNDY & YELA, 2020), as well as the second record for the Iberian mainland of Actebia photophila (Guenée, 1852) (GRUNDY & STERLING, 2022). These five rare species, all with a likely African origin, are just a few examples of the significant discoveries made at this unique location. Here, we report the first Iberian Peninsula record of Menophra harterti (Rothschild, 1912), a species previously known only from North Africa and Sicily and Sardinia in Italy (MULLER et al., 2019 & INATURALIST, 2025). This record adds to the growing list of African-origin moths observed in southern Spain and supports the idea of seasonal insect migration across the Mediterranean, potentially facilitated by favorable wind conditions and climate change
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dave Grundy) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725803v1
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[hal-04175404] Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
Abstract International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Iva Franić) 02 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04175404v1
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[hal-02665424] DNA mini-barcodes in taxonomic assignment: a morphologically unique new homoneurous moth clade from the Indian Himalayas described in Micropterix (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)
The first micropterigid moths recorded from the Himalayas, Micropterix cornuella sp. n. and Micropterix longicornuella sp. n. (collected, respectively, in 1935 in the Arunachel Pradesh Province and in 1874 in Darjeeling, both Northeastern India) constitute a new clade, which is unique within the family because of striking specializations of the female postabdomen: tergum VIII ventral plate forming a continuous sclerotized ring, segment IX bearing a pair of strongly sclerotized lateroventral plates, each with a prominent horn-like posterior process. Fore wing vein R unforked, all Rs veins preapical; hind wing devoid of a discrete vein R. The combination of the two first-mentioned vein characters suggests close affinity to the large Palearctic genus Micropterix (to some species of which the members of the new clade bear strong superficial resemblance). Whilst absence of the hind wing R is unknown in that genus, this specialization is not incompatible with the new clade being subordinate within it. A 136-bp fragment of Cytochrome oxidase I successfully amplified from both of the 75-year-old specimens strongly supports this generic assignment. Translated to amino acids, this DNA fragment is highly diagnostic of this genus, being identical to that of most (16 of the 26) Micropterix species studied comparatively here, 1–4 codons different from nine other species (including Micropterix wockei that in phylogenetic analyses we infer to be sister to other examined species), whilst 7–15 codons different to other amphiesmenopteran genera examined here. A dating analysis also suggests that the large clade excluding M. wockei to which M. cornuella belongs appeared <31 million years ago. These findings encourage discovery of a significant radiation of Micropterix in the Himalayan region. Our analysis has more general implications for testing the assignment of DNA mini-barcodes to a taxon, in cases such as museum specimens where the full DNA barcode cannot be recovered.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Lees) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02665424v1
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[hal-02625363] Promises and challenges in insect-plant interactions
There is tremendous diversity of interactions between plants and other species. These relationships range from antagonism to mutualism. Interactions of plants with members of their ecological community can lead to a profound metabolic reconfiguration of the plants’ physiology. This reconfiguration can favour beneficial organisms and deter antagonists like pathogens or herbivores. Determining the cellular and molecular dialogue between plants, microbes, and insects, and its ecological and evolutionary implications is important for understanding the options for each partner to adopt an adaptive response to its biotic environment. Moving forward, understanding how such ecological interactions are shaped by environmental change and how we potentially mitigate deleterious effects will be increasingly important. The development of integrative multidisciplinary approaches may provide new solutions to the major ecological and societal issues ahead of us. The rapid evolution of technology provides valuable tools and opens up novel ways to test hypotheses that were previously unanswerable, but requires that scientists master these tools, understand potential ethical problems flowing from their implementation, and train new generations of biologists with diverse technical skills. Here, we provide brief perspectives and discuss future promise and challenges for research on insect–plant interactions building on the 16th International Symposium on Insect–Plant interactions (SIP) meeting that was held in Tours, France (2–6 July 2017). Talks, posters, and discussions are distilled into key research areas in insect–plant interactions, highlighting the current state of the field and major challenges, and future directions for both applied and basic research.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Giron) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625363v1
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[hal-01607810] Seven recommendations to make your invasive alien species data more useful
Science-based strategies to tackle biological invasions depend on recent, accurate, well-documented, standardized and openly accessible information on alien species. Currently and historically, biodiversity data are scattered in numerous disconnected data silos that lack interoperability. The situation is no different for alien species data, and this obstructs efficient retrieval, combination, and use of these kinds of information for research and policy-making. Standardization and interoperability are particularly important as many alien species related research and policy activities require pooling data. We describe seven ways that data on alien species can be made more accessible and useful, based on the results of a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) workshop: (1) Create data management plans; (2) Increase interoperability of information sources; (3) Document data through metadata; (4) Format data using existing standards; (5) Adopt controlled vocabularies; (6) Increase data availability; and (7) Ensure long-term data preservation. We identify four properties specific and integral to alien species data (species status, introduction pathway, degree of establishment, and impact mechanism) that are either missing from existing data standards or lack a recommended controlled vocabulary. Improved access to accurate, real-time and historical data will repay the long-term investment in data management infrastructure, by providing more accurate, timely and realistic assessments and analyses. If we improve core biodiversity data standards by developing their relevance to alien species, it will allow the automation of common activities regarding data processing in support of environmental policy. Furthermore, we call for considerable effort to maintain, update, standardize, archive, and aggregate datasets, to ensure proper valorization of alien species data and information before they become obsolete or lost.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin J. Groom) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01607810v1
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[hal-02640423] Species-Level Para- and Polyphyly in DNA Barcode Gene Trees: Strong Operational Bias in European Lepidoptera
The proliferation of DNA data is revolutionizing all fields of systematic research. DNA barcode sequences, now available for millions of specimens and several hundred thousand species, are increasingly used in algorithmic species delimitations. This is complicated by occasional incongruences between species and gene genealogies, as indicated by situations where conspecific individuals do not form a monophyletic cluster in a gene tree. In two previous reviews, non-monophyly has been reported as being common in mitochondrial DNA gene trees. We developed a novel web service “Monophylizer” to detect non-monophyly in phylogenetic trees and used it to ascertain the incidence of species non-monophyly in COI (a.k.a. cox1) barcode sequence data from 4977 species and 41,583 specimens of European Lepidoptera, the largest data set of DNA barcodes analyzed from this regard. Particular attention was paid to accurate species identification to ensure data integrity. We investigated the effects of tree-building method, sampling effort, and other methodological issues, all of which can influence estimates of non-monophyly. We found a 12% incidence of non-monophyly, a value significantly lower than that observed in previous studies. Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded almost equal numbers of non-monophyletic species, but 24.1% of these cases of non-monophyly were only found by one of these methods. Non-monophyletic species tend to show either low genetic distances to their nearest neighbors or exceptionally high levels of intraspecific variability. Cases of polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, as the detected cases reflected misidentifications or methodological errors. Taking into consideration variation in sampling effort, we estimate that the true incidence of non-monophyly is ∼23%, but with operational factors still being included. Within the operational factors, we separately assessed the frequency of taxonomic limitations (presence of overlooked cryptic and oversplit species) and identification uncertainties. We observed that operational factors are potentially present in more than half (58.6%) of the detected cases of non-monophyly. Furthermore, we observed that in about 20% of non-monophyletic species and entangled species, the lineages involved are either allopatric or parapatric—conditions where species delimitation is inherently subjective and particularly dependent on the species concept that has been adopted. These observations suggest that species-level non-monophyly in COI gene trees is less common than previously supposed, with many cases reflecting misidentifications, the subjectivity of species delimitation or other operational factors.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marko Mutanen) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02640423v1
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[hal-04171563] Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees
Abstract Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Iva Franić) 17 May 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171563v1
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[hal-02650797] An extreme case of plant-insect codiversification: figs and fig-pollinating wasps
It is thought that speciation in phytophagous insects is often due to colonization of novel host plants, because radiations of plant and insect lineages are typically asynchronous. Recent phylogenetic comparisons have supported this model of diversification for both insect herbivores and specialized pollinators. An exceptional case where contemporaneous plant-insect diversification might be expected is the obligate mutualism between fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera). The ubiquity and ecological significance of this mutualism in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has long intrigued biologists, but the systematic challenge posed by >750 interacting species pairs has hindered progress toward understanding its evolutionary history. In particular, taxon sampling and analytical tools have been insufficient for large-scale cophylogenetic analyses. Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated for this study. We also developed a new analytical tool, Jane 2, for event-based phylogenetic reconciliation analysis of very large data sets. Separate Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for figs and fig wasps under relaxed molecular clock assumptions indicate Cretaceous diversification of crown groups and contemporaneous divergence for nearly half of all fig and pollinator lineages. Event-based cophylogenetic analyses further support the codiversification hypothesis. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the present-day distribution of fig and pollinator lineages is consistent with a Eurasian origin and subsequent dispersal, rather than with Gondwanan vicariance. Overall, our findings indicate that the fig-pollinator mutualism represents an extreme case among plant-insect interactions of coordinated dispersal and long-term codiversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Astrid Cruaud) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02650797v1
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[hal-02824288] Lepidoptera. Chapter 11
We provide a comprehensive overview of those Lepidopteran invasions to Europe that result from increasing globalisation and also review expansion of species within Europe. A total of 97 non-native Lepidoptera species (about 1% of the known fauna), in 20 families and 11 superfamilies have established so far in Europe, of which 30 alone are Pyraloidea. In addition, 88 European species in 25 families have expanded their range within Europe and around 23% of these are of Mediterranean or Balkan origin, invading the north and west. Although a number of these alien species have been in Europe for hundreds of years, 74% have established during the 20th century and arrivals are accelerating, with an average of 1.9 alien Lepidoptera newly established per year between 2000 2007. For 78 aliens with a known area of origin, Asia has contributed 28.9%, Africa (including Macaronesian islands, Canaries, Madeira and Azores) 21.6%, North America 16.5%, Australasia 7.2% and the neotropics just 5.2%. The route for almost all aliens to Europe is via importation of plants or plant products. Most alien Lepidoptera established in Europe are also confined to man-made habitats, with 52.5% occuring in parks and gardens. We highlight four species in particular, Diaphania perspectalis, Cacyreus marshalli, Cameraria ohridella and Paysandisia archon, as the most important current economic threats.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02824288v1
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[hal-03715796] Phylogenomics Illuminates the Evolutionary History of Wild Silkmoths in Space and Time (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are one of the most emblematic and most studied families of moths. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the relationships among 338 species of Saturniidae representing all described subfamilies, tribes, and genera. We investigated systematic biases in genomic data and performed dating and historical biogeographic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of wild silkmoths in space and time. Using Gene Genealogy Interrogation, we showed that saturation of nucleotide sequence data blurred our understanding of early divergences and first biogeographic events. Our analyses support a Neotropical origin of saturniids, shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event ( ca 64.0 [stem] - 52.0 [crown] Ma), and two independent colonization events of the Old World during the Eocene, presumably through the Bering Land Bridge. Early divergences strongly shaped the distribution of extant subfamilies as they showed very limited mobility across biogeographical regions, except for Saturniinae, a subfamily now present on all continents but Antarctica. Overall, our results provide a framework for in-depth investigations into the spatial and temporal dynamics of all saturniid lineages and for the integration of their evolutionary history into further global studies of biodiversity and conservation. Rather unexpectedly for a taxonomically well-known family such as Saturniidae, the proper alignment of taxonomic divisions and ranks with our phylogenetic results leads us to propose substantial rearrangements of the family classification, including the description of one new subfamily and two new tribes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 14 Oct 2026
https://hal.science/hal-03715796v1
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[hal-01144571] THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alma Partnership) 22 Apr 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01144571v1
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[hal-04171539] Worldwide tests of generic attractants, a promising tool for early detection of non-native cerambycid species
A large proportion of the insects which have invaded new regions and countries are emerging species, being found for the first time outside their native range. Being able to detect such species upon arrival at ports of entry before they establish in non-native countries is an urgent challenge. The deployment of traps baited with broad-spectrum semiochemical lures at ports-of-entry and other high-risk sites could be one such early detection tool. Rapid progress in the identification of semiochemicals for cerambycid beetles during the last 15 years has revealed that aggregation-sex pheromones and sex pheromones are often conserved at global levels for genera, tribes or subfamilies of the Cerambycidae. This possibly allows the development of generic attractants which attract multiple species simultaneously, especially when such pheromones are combined into blends. Here, we present the results of a worldwide field trial programme conducted during 2018–2021, using traps baited with a standardised 8-pheromone blend, usually complemented with plant volatiles. A total of 1308 traps were deployed at 302 sites covering simultaneously or sequentially 13 European countries, 10 Chinese provinces and some regions of the USA, Canada, Australia, Russia (Siberia) and the Caribbean (Martinique). We intended to test the following hypotheses: 1) if a species is regularly trapped in significant numbers by the blend on a continent, it increases the probability that it can be detected when it arrives in other countries/continents and 2) if the blend exerts an effective, generic attraction to multiple species, it is likely that previously unknown and unexpected species can be captured due to the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures within related taxa. A total of 78,321 longhorned beetles were trapped, representing 376 species from eight subfamilies, with 84 species captured in numbers greater than 50 individuals. Captures comprised 60 tribes, with 10 tribes including more than nine species trapped on different continents. Some invasive species were captured in both the native and invaded continents. This demonstrates the potential of multipheromone lures as effective tools for the detection of ‘unexpected’ cerambycid invaders, accidentally translocated outside their native ranges. Adding new pheromones with analogous well-conserved motifs is discussed, as well as the limitations of using such blends, especially for some cerambycid taxa which may be more attracted by the trap colour or other characteristics rather than to the chemical blend.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 27 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171539v1
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[hal-02648399] Open minded and open access: introducing NeoBiota, a new peer-reviewed journal of biological invasions
The Editorial presents the focus, scope, policies, and the inaugural issue of NeoBiota, a new open access peer-reviewed journal of biological invasions. The new journal NeoBiota is a continuation of the former NEOBIOTA publication series. The journal will deal with all aspects of invasion biology and impose no restrictions on manuscript size neither on use of color. NeoBiota implies an XML-based editorial workflow and several cutting-edge innovations in publishing and dissemination, such as semantic markup of and enhancements to published texts, data publication, and extensive cross-linking within the journal and to external sources.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ingolf Kuhn) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648399v1
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[hal-05725804] Mondeguina atlanticella Corley & Rosete, 2020, espèce nouvelle pour la France (Gelechiidae, Apatetrinae)
Cet article retrace la découverte en France de Mondeguina atlanticella, espèce nouvelle pour notre territoire. Cette découverte souligne l’importance des codes-barres ADN dans l’étude des microlépidoptères de France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jacques Rogard) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725804v1
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[hal-01577510] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour les Lethal yellowing type syndromes (LYTS)
La Direction Générale de l’Alimentation du ministère en charge de l’agriculture a saisi l’Anses en vue de la réalisation d’une évaluation du risque simplifiée (ERS) des LYTS. Ce travail a pour but notamment d’évaluer le risque d’introduction et l’impact économique des LYTS dans la zone ARP. La zone ARP à considérer comprend la Martinique, la Guadeloupe, la Guyane, la Réunion et Mayotte.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Michel Dollet) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577510v1
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[hal-05678907] Integrating landscape ecology into generic surveillance plans for bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles
International trade poses a growing threat to global biosecurity, with bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles representing a major concern for forest health. Non‐native species are frequently introduced at points of entry, where populations can establish in the surrounding landscape. To improve early detection, generic surveillance programs use traps in these high‐risk areas, collecting a broad spectrum of species. These traps also capture native beetles, providing insights into the potential species pool that could become exotic elsewhere. However, implementing effective landscape‐wide surveillance within reasonable resource limits remains challenging. In this study, we used trapping data of Cerambycidae and Scolytinae from 11 high‐risk areas across Europe and North America to develop practical recommendations for generic surveillance at multiple spatial scales. Specifically, we attempted to address two key questions: (1) how to maximize the single‐trap efficacy depending on the trap surroundings; and (2) how many traps should be used in a landscape‐wide sampling depending on landscape composition. Under budget constraints, we recommend prioritizing trap placement within forest patches and avoiding locations surrounded by roads or buildings. Urban‐dominated landscapes required greater sampling effort (i.e., more traps) than forest‐dominated landscapes. Deploying fewer than four traps per square kilometer might lead to an incomplete representation of the local bark‐ and wood‐boring beetle community, losing about 30%–50% of species. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of incorporating landscape ecology into generic surveillance planning to optimize trap effectiveness within resource limitations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Davide Nardi) 03 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05678907v1
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[hal-01228847] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire [i]Plasmopara halstedii[/i] agent responsable de la maladie du mildiou du tournesol
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Frederic Suffert) 13 Nov 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01228847v1
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[hal-01578869] Analyse de risque phytosanitaire Ditylenchus dipsaci sur luzerne
Il est demandé à l’Anses de réaliser une ARP sur le nématode des tiges et bulbes (D.dipsaci) sur luzerne (M. sativa).L’ARP consiste à évaluer, selon des normes internationales1, 2 , les preuves biologiques etautres données scientifiques ou économiques pour déterminer si un organisme nuisibledoit être réglementé (ou déréglementé) et la nature des mesures phytosanitaireséventuelles à prendre à son égard. L’ARP s’attache à évaluer l'importance potentielle d'unorganisme nuisible particulier pour une zone clairement définie. Elle peut être initiée pourune ou plusieurs raisons, les plus fréquentes étant : l’identification d'une filière,l’identification d’un organisme nuisible, l’examen ou la révision d'une politique.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Castagnone-Sereno) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578869v1
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[hal-01577495] Evaluation de risque simplifiée pour Xyllela fastidiosa
En vue de possible échanges sur la présente thématique à un prochain Comité Permanent Phytosanitaire (CPP) à Bruxelles, il est demandé à l’Anses de réaliser une Evaluation du Risque Simplifiée (ERS) pour le 29/06/2012. Cette ERS devra faire notamment un bilan de la situation de Xylella fastidiosa dans le monde, détailler la biologie de la bactérie, son cycle de développement, les conditions météo et exigences climatiques nécessaires à son développement ou l’observation des symptômes, ses plantes hôtes, les moyens de contamination possibles, ainsi que les moyens de contamination possibles, ainsi que les moyens de lutte disponibles.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Charles Manceau) 25 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01577495v1
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[hal-01578870] Méthodes de lutte alternatives à l'épandage aérien de produits phytosanitaires contre les processionnaires du pin et du chêne en conditions urbaines
Contexte : Les chenilles processionnaires sont des insectes défoliateurs que l’on rencontre dans les populations de pins et de chênes et sont les formes larvaires de deux types de lépidoptères : Thaumetopoea pityocampa pour la processionnaire du pin et Thaumetopoea processionea pour la processionnaire du chêne. Leurs pullulations périodiques sont connues dans différentes régions, essentiellement le pourtour méditerranéen et la façade atlantique jusqu’au Pyrénées-Orientales pour la processionnaire du pin, et les régions d’Alsace, de Bourgogne, d’Ile-de-France, du Centre, de Poitou-Charentes et de Midi-Pyrénées pour la processionnaire du chêne. Les chenilles processionnaires de pin et du chêne sont responsables d’une dermite (appelée érucisme) en lien avec les poils urticants et allergisants qui recouvrent leur corps. A l’automne 2011, les professionnels de la forêt privée ont déposé auprès de l’Agence régionale de la santé (ARS) d’Aquitaine des dossiers de demande de traitements par voie aérienne des chenilles processionnaire du pin pour des motifs de protection de la santé publique. Ces demandes concernaient essentiellement des zones urbanisées. L’arrêté du 31 mai 2011 relatif aux conditions d’épandage des produits mentionnés à l’article L. 253-1 de code rural de la pêche maritime par voie aérienne prévoit cependant le respect d’une distance minimale de sécurité de 50 mètres vis-à-vis des habitations et jardins. Les traitements, qui doivent être mis en oeuvre à l’automne, n’ont donc pas été effectués en Aquitaine par voie aérienne en 2011. Dans ces conditions se pose la question des solutions alternatives qui seraient à mettre en oeuvre à l’avenir pour lutter contre les chenilles processionnaires du pin et du chêne dans les zones urbanisées, tant en Aquitaine que dans les autres régions concernées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Robert Delorme) 29 Aug 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01578870v1
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[hal-04363400] Review of the Megastigmidae in Belgium and the Netherlands (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
In this paper, we provide an overview of the seed chalcid wasps Bootanomyia spp. and Megastigmus spp. (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) in both Belgium and the Netherlands. Sixteen species, including six non-natives to Europe, are reported after checking over a thousand specimens. The European species Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) and M. suspectus Borries, 1895 are reported for the first time in Belgium. The European species Bootanomyia stigmatizans (Fabricius, 1798), Megastigmus rosae Bouček, 1971 and Megastigmus strobilobius Ratzeburg, 1848, and the Nearctic species Megastigmus atedius Walker, 1851 and Megastigmus lasiocarpae Crosby, 1913 (only the second report in Europe) are new for the Netherlands. Novel insights are offered on the ecology, morphology and phenology of Megastigmus aculeatus, Megastigmus nigrovariegatus and Megastigmus rosae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Fons Verheyde) 24 Dec 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04363400v1
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[hal-05785172] A retrospective analysis on the effects of climate warming on the pine processionary moth at the southern edge of its range
Ectotherms are largely impacted by extreme climate events, essentially heatwaves. In Tunisia, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa , is a defoliator typically laying eggs in summer. Its geographical range is expanding northwards in Europe while retracting from southern Tunisia where summer temperatures can reach extreme heats. We explored the effects of climate change over the last 30 years on PPM at its southern range edge. We investigated variations of fecundity and causes of egg mortality over time using historical and contemporary collections of egg masses. Due to incomplete historical series, a clustering method was used to group climatically homologous sampling sites and perform allochronic analyses on clusters instead of individual localities. Our results suggest negative effects of summer heat on egg survival, down to 0% hatching rate in one site during a major heatwave. Such high hatching failures resulted partly from high egg sterility and aborted embryos, with little effects of parasitism rate, suggesting heat susceptibility during embryonic development, but our results do not allow distinguishing impeded mating success from failed egg maturation or early embryo death. Decreasing female fecundity was observed in regions where allochronic comparisons were possible, associated with a decrease in parasitism rate, while climatic variability increased. Previous studies have confirmed experimentally the thermal sensitivity of PPM early instars to temperatures observed in the present work, including one population from southern Tunisia. However, further work is required to evaluate the relative importance of warming summers among populations, since the risk of heat stress depends on the phenology of sensitive instars, and populations from the warmest areas may not necessarily be the most vulnerable to climate change if they already evolved phenological heat avoidance. In addition to heat‐induced mortality, the ultimate fitness of heat survivors should also be explored to determine potential carry‐over effects on subsequent life stages.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Asma Bourougaaoui) 08 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05785172v1
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[hal-05785171] Intra- and interspecific variations in flight performance of oak-associated Agrilinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) using computerised flight mills
Several Agrilinae species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are thermophilous forest borers, and some are also major invasive pests. They are expected to be favoured by climate change and the global deterioration of forest health, and expand their range and damage. Flight behaviour and performance of these insects are poorly known despite their critical role in dispersal and their relevance to management. This study aimed to assess intra- and interspecific variability in active flight of several Agrilinae species and effects of sex and mass on this variability. We assessed the flight performance of eleven oak-associated species (nine Agrilus , one Coraebus, one Meliboeus ) plus one herb-associated Agrilus . Computer-monitored flight mills were used to measure flight parameters of 250 beetles. Overall, flight capacities were rather homogeneous among species, with a dominance of poor flyers and only Coraebus undatus showed outstanding performance. Beetles generally performed several short flight bouts within one trial, and only a few individuals sustained long flight. The maximal total distance covered across multiple assays until death ranged from 170 to 16 097 m, with a median between 35 and 966 m (excluding individuals that never flew). Add to this interspecific variability, flight distances varied greatly among individuals, but were not influenced by sex. Preflight body mass had mixed effects depending on the species, presumably related to dispersal patterns. In our experimental conditions, most species had limited average dispersal capacities over multiple flight trials. Overall, long-distance dispersal and colonisation events probably depend on a small proportion of individuals which largely exceeded the median performance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elodie Le Souchu) 19 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05785171v1
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[hal-05057758] Exploring the taxonomic status of the Palearctic cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris, inferred from morphometric and molecular data
The Scots pine cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) widely distributed from Europe, across to North-Eastern China, consumes the cones of Mediterranean pines, as well those of the sylvestris section. The use of multiple host pine species with limited and patchy distributions, combined with low dispersal rates, likely contributed to significant genetic and morphological variation among P. validirostris populations in its native range. P. validirostris is being considered as a biological control agent for wilding pines in the southern hemisphere and for this programme to proceed, elucidating its intraspecific variability is necessary. This study aimed to explore the phylogeography of P. validirostris in its native range in Europe using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers as well as morphological characters. The integrative taxonomic analysis revealed high genetic structuring in P. validirostris populations, identifying three main phylogeographic clades: Clade A (Iberian Peninsula, associated with Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis ), Clade B (Central Europe), and Clade C (Northern and Eastern Europe), both associated with Pinus species of the sylvestris section. The morphometric data showed that adults of the Iberic Peninsula clade were significantly larger than those of the two others. When compared to other Nearctic and Palearctic congeneric species, P. validirostris formed a monophyletic group, likely consisting of different evolutionary lineages within the sampled distribution. The findings highlight the necessity of genetic confirmation for insect taxonomy across wide distributions or multiple host trees. Clarifying whether host specificity or geography drives P. validirostris population structuring will facilitate the selection of a specific clade for wilding pine biological control.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Coralie Bertheau) 15 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05057758v1
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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 09 Oct 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[hal-05798107] Stratification of saproxylic beetle communities up top the canopy atmosphere interface under the influence of dieback in temperate forests
In the context of climate change, the forest canopy is at the forefront of atmospheric warming. Crown dieback and mortality can alter vertical structure and associated environmental gradients in the upper strata. Due to their difficult access, the canopy and the interface between the canopy and the atmosphere are understudied ecological edges. In the canopy of temperate forests, the stratification of saproxylic beetles, a functionally important guild involved in wood decay and nutrient cycling, has been poorly documented. In this study, we characterized the vertical distribution of saproxylic beetle communities across four strata: the understory, the lower canopy, the upper canopy, and the canopy–atmosphere interface located 2 m above the canopy. We further examined how forest dieback alters this stratification, e.g. through changes in deadwood pattern related to declining crowns. Although taxonomic diversity was similar across strata, community composition differed markedly due to a strong species turnover. The two upper strata hosted more abundant assemblages and included more rare beetle species compared to the lower strata. All strata exhibited comparable levels of functional richness, but communities sampled above the canopy showed lower functional evenness than those from the lower canopy. Beetles were generally larger and displayed greater size heterogeneity in the upper canopy than in the other strata. Across a gradient of dieback level, the between-stratum dissimilarities were reduced from healthy stands to strongly declining stands. Overall, our findings highlight that restricting saproxylic beetle surveys to the understory substantially underestimates their true vertical diversity and overlooks unique canopy-associated assemblages.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaëlle Balvay) 13 Oct 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05798107v1
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[hal-05742128] Are declining forest stands stepping stone areas for exotic invasive species?
Forest decline (and dieback) is the process of progressive tree decline in a forest stand and can result in tree death. This phenomenonis increasingly observed globally, mainly because of the rising impacts of global warming and associated natural disturbances (e.g. droughts or pest outbreaks). Previous works have studied the consequences of forest decline and dieback on forest biodiversity, functioning, and services. Nonetheless, whether declining stands can be used as stepping stones by forest exotic invasive insects remain unclear. Stand decline alters habitat conditions creating suitable resources and microclimates, and destabilizes native communities which can favor colonization by invasive xylophagous and saproxylophagous species. However, the large range of habitats provided by these stands allows them to host rich species communities, including beetles, birds, and bats, whose complex network of interactions can modulate the colonization opportunities by exotic invasive species – e.g. via competitive exclusion or predation. To better understand how declining forest stands are affecting populations of exotic invasive species, we used several contrasting European case studies (i.e. lowland and montane forests, affected by different natural disturbances, i.e. droughts, windstorm and pest outbreak). We show how exotic invasive species populations respond to gradients of forest stand decline and subsequent salvage logging. We also demonstrate how potential biotic interactions can facilitate or hinder populations of those species, by studying the responses of potential competitors and predators/parasitoids
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 08 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05742128v1
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[hal-05785169] Seasonality of forest insects: why diapause matters
Insects have major impacts on forest ecosystems, from herbivory and soil-nutrient cycling to killing trees at a large scale. Forest insects from temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions have evolved strategies to respond to seasonality; for example, by entering diapause, to mitigate adversity and to synchronize lifecycles with favorable periods. Here, we show that distinct functional groups of forest insects; that is, canopy dwellers, trunk-associated species, and soil/litter-inhabiting insects, express a variety of diapause strategies, but do not show systematic differences in diapause strategy depending on functional group. Due to the overall similarities in diapause strategies, we can better estimate the impacts of anthropogenic change on forest insect populations and, consequently, on key ecosystems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Martin Schebeck) 19 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05785169v1
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[hal-05728101] High‐Throughput DNA Barcoding Reveals Multi‐Trophic Networks of Plants, Leafminers and Parasitoids in a Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical dry forests host highly diverse insect communities and complex trophic interactions, yet these networks remain difficult to resolve using conventional molecular or rearing‐based approaches. Here, we integrate long‐read DNA barcoding, non‐target sequence co‐amplification, and host plant taxonomy to reconstruct tri‐trophic interactions among leaf‐mining insects, their host plants, and associated parasitoids in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Using Single Molecule, Real‐Time (SMRT) sequencing on the PacBio Sequel IIe platform, we generated high‐fidelity barcodes from individual leaf‐miner larvae and from parasitoid larvae and pupae recovered from leaf mines. From 253 specimens, we obtained 214 sequences, and identified 83 operational taxonomic units including leaf‐mining Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and their hymenopteran parasitoids, plus 31 non‐target sequences. Of the 214 sequences, 69 were parasitoid wasps (32.2%). Of these, 40 were obtained from parasitoids dissected directly from leaf mines, while 29 were co‐amplified from leaf‐miner samples, demonstrating that SMRT‐based co‐amplification allows detection of parasitism without rearing. Our analysis revealed 156 trophic interaction types and 247 interaction events. Network analyses showed a highly modular tripartite network, with module structure primarily driven by host plant identity and a reduced set of influential leaf‐miner and parasitoid taxa. Bipartite networks supported the hypothesis that interactions are more strongly compartmentalized between leafminers and host plants than at higher trophic levels. These results demonstrate that long‐read DNA barcoding with co‐amplification detection provides a scalable framework for reconstructing multi‐trophic interactions from individual specimens, overcoming key limitations of rearing‐based methods and enabling robust biodiversity and ecological network assessments in species‐rich ecosystems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ariel Muñoz-Sánchez) 26 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05728101v1
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[hal-05726938] From Leaf Mines to Food Webs: Resolving Plant- Insect–Parasitoid Networks with Long-Read DNA Barcoding
Tropical dry forests harbor exceptionally diverse insect communities, yet their trophic interactions remain poorly resolved, particularly across multiple trophic levels. We investigated tri-trophic networks linking leaf-mining insects, their host plants, and associated parasitoids in a Mexican tropical dry forest using long-read DNA barcoding combined with co-amplification of non-target DNA. Individual larvae, pupae, and adults collected from leaf mines were analyzed using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing on the PacBio Sequel IIe platform, enabling simultaneous recovery of leaf miner and parasitoid DNA from the same specimens without rearing. Across 214 specimens, we identified 92 operational taxonomic units spanning Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. We detected 69 parasitoid sequences, corresponding to a parasitism rate of 32.2%, with nearly half recovered through co-amplification from host DNA extracts. We reconstructed 247 bipartite and 232 tripartite trophic interactions. Network analyses revealed a highly modular tripartite structure, with modules largely organized around host plant identity. Giniweighted PCA further showed that a reduced set of plant and herbivore taxa disproportionately structured module differentiation. Bipartite networks displayed strong compartmentalization between leaf miners and host plants, whereas parasitoid-centered networks were less tightly partitioned, reflecting cross-module exploitation of herbivore hosts. These results demonstrate that long-read barcoding with co-amplification provides a powerful framework for resolving complex insect–plant–parasitoid networks directly from immature stages. This molecular approach overcomes key limitations of rearing-based methods, captures otherwise hidden trophic links, and enables scalable reconstruction of multi-trophic interactions in species-rich systems, opening new opportunities for comparative network ecology and for documenting insect biodiversity and trophic structure in threatened tropical dry forests.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antonio Hernandez-Lopez) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05726938v1
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[hal-05726760] Molecular Approaches to Uncover the Diversity of Leafminers in Tropical Dry Forests
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antonio Hernandez-Lopez) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05726760v1
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[hal-05725786] ERGA-BGE genome of the Spanish moon moth Actias isabellae Graells, 1849: a nocturnal lepidopteran protected by the Habitats Directive
High-quality reference genomes are critical resources for understanding biodiversity and supporting conservation efforts. We present the chromosome-level assembly of the Spanish moon moth, Actias isabellae (Graells, 1849), a nocturnal lepidopteran protected under the EU Habitats Directive. The assembly spans 0.56 Gb across 31 pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome, with a contig N50 of 18.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 20.4 Mb. The mitochondrial genome was also assembled into a 15,247 bp circular sequence. Annotation identified 11,805 protein-coding genes and 2,238 non-coding genes, with a BUSCO completeness of over 94%. Notably, no W chromosome was detected, suggesting a ZZ/Z0 sex determination system. This reference genome provides an essential foundation for studying sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera and enables advanced population genomics monitoring of this protected species. More broadly, it contributes to ongoing efforts within the European Reference Genome Atlas and the Earth BioGenome Project to harness genomics for biodiversity conservation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marta Vila) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725786v1
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[hal-03685744] Conifer Sawfly Pest Threats to Eurasian Forests
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 02 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03685744v1
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[hal-03881017] Multi-omics and multi-tissues data to improve the understanding of heat stress adaptation mechanisms
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Huau) 01 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03881017v1
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[hal-02624874] Common pheromone use among host-associated populations of the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, displaying different adult phenologies
The diversity of herbivorous insects may arise from colonization and subsequent specialization on different host plants. Such specialization requires changes in several insect traits, which may lead to host race formation if they reduce gene flow among populations that feed on different plants. Behavioural changes may play a relevant role in host race formation, for example if different races evolve distinct sexual communication signals or adult phenology. Previous research has revealed differences in larval phenology in different host-associated populations of the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Here, sex pheromones among populations of this species are compared, and pheromone trapping data obtained is used in the field to build a phenological model that tests whether populations that feed on different plants differ in their adult flight period. The chemical and electrophysiological analyses revealed that two E. chrysorrhoea populations (on Prunus and on Arbutus unedo) use the same sex pheromone component for mate finding. Our trapping data, however, showed that males fly on average 25 days earlier in populations whose larvae feed on A. unedo compared to those whose larvae feed on Quercus species. Although the shifted phenology described here may underlie host-plant specialization in E. chrysorrhoea, and adults of this species are short-lived, the use of a common sexual pheromone and a large overlap in flight periods suggest that host race formation via allochronic isolation is unlikely in this moth.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Enric Frago) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02624874v1
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[hal-02806951] Les bio-invasions d'insectes
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02806951v1
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[hal-05752476] Using functional ecology tools to assess landscape habitat heterogeneity
The growth of large-scale spatial images allows to assess landscape composition and configuration at high resolution. Such data can be used to better understand the relationships between landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity. However, landscape heterogeneity is still mostly measured with indices using land-use categories (e.g. Shannon index of land covers). We present a method derived from the tools of functional ecology to measure landscape heterogeneity from continuous data (i.e. rasters). We looked at how these metrics relate to biodiversity in comparison with “classical” land cover-based metrics. As a case study, we looked at bird diversity in Finnish forest-dominated landscapes. As landscapes, we used the 6-km long transects of the annual Finnish bird monitoring program and calculated metrics of bird taxonomic and functional diversity and landscape heterogeneity over several buffer sizes. We used the forest Multi-Source National Forest Inventory, a set of nation-wide raster layers describing forest structure such as tree species composition, mean canopy cover or mean tree age in 16x16m pixels. We inferred the heterogeneity of non-forest lands based on additional conventional land cover data sources. For each pixel, we aggregated data to identify “habitat species” characterized by their own “traits”, i.e. the structural information. Therefore, each landscape was considered as a sampling unit with data on the abundance of each habitat species from which we calculated functional richness, dispersion, evenness, divergence, and Rao’s Q. We also calculated the weighted mean of each trait and their dispersion for the semi-natural habitats. In addition, we calculated an index of configurational heterogeneity by averaging the mean functional distance of each pixel in the landscape with its eight and 24 closest pixels. We found several positive effects from functional composition heterogeneity. We also found complementary positive effects of functional composition heterogeneity and Shannon land cover index on overall bird species richness. Functional configuration heterogeneity was correlated with composition and further research are needed to disentangle effects of each of them, e.g. by selecting landscape where both are uncorrelated. Nonetheless, in our case study, functional composition heterogeneity showed promising capabilities in detecting the landscape heterogeneity-biodiversity relationship in addition to or replacing land cover heterogeneity. It has also made it possible to describe heterogeneity within land cover categories, such as forests.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 16 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05752476v1
