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[hal-05388136] DAISIE - Inventory of alien invasive species in Europe
The DAISIE - inventory of alien invasive species in Europe is a species checklist dataset published by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). It contains information on 12,104 taxa (mostly species and mostly introduced) occurring in the wild in Europe since 1500. It covers a broad taxonomic spectrum of terrestrial and aquatic free living and parasitic organisms. The collation of the alien species list is the result of the efforts of the DAISIE (http://www.europe-aliens.org) project partners and more than 300 collaborators from Europe and neighbouring countries, involved in different fields of expertise and organisations. Here the DAISIE checklist is published as a standardized Darwin Core Archive and includes for each species: the scientific name, higher classification, and stable taxon identifier (in the taxon core), the vernacular names (in the vernacular names extension), the presence in a specific region, the year of the first introduction (first collection) and/or last assessment/observation in that region, as well as extra information (in the distribution extension), and the habitat, native range, and ecofunctional group (in the description extension). The DAISIE dataset is no longer maintained, but can be used as a historical archive for researching and managing alien plants or compiling regional and national registries of alien species. Issues with the dataset can be reported at https://github.com/trias-project/daisie-checklist. We have released this dataset under a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0). We would appreciate it if you follow the GBIF citation guidelines (https://www.gbif.org/citation-guidelines) when using the data. If you have any questions regarding this dataset, don’t hesitate to contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via https://twitter.com/trias_project. The publication of the checklist to GBIF was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action Alien CSI “CA17122 - Increasing understanding of alien species through citizen science” as a Short Term Scientific Mission “Publishing alien species checklist data for Europe through repeatable, open workflows”, with technical support provided by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Roy) 28 Nov 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05388136v1
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[anses-05175671] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Cordylomera spinicornis »
L’Anses a été saisie le 27 janvier 2023 par la direction générale de l’alimentation du ministère de l’agriculture et de la souveraineté alimentaire pour la réalisation de l’expertise suivante : Catégorisation de huit espèces d’insectes exotiques dont Cordylomera spinicornis. CONTEXTE ET OBJET DE LA SAISINE Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée ,potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN)) des organismes réglementés ou émergents. Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières, de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et ,infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, à priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes. Critères de risque a. Caractéristiques des espèces • Cycle biologique, • Plantes hôtes, • Symptômes, • Aires de distribution, • Nuisibilité dans ces aires de distribution, • Probabilité d’entrée et de transfert vers les plantes hôtes. b. Probabilité d’établissement • Présence d’hôtes appropriés, conditions climatiques et autres facteurs abiotiques favorables à l’établissement des 8 espèces d’insecte dans la zone ARP, • Identification d’ennemis naturels potentiels dans la zone ARP, et d’autres facteurs biotiques ainsi que les pratiques culturales pouvant contribuer à empêcher leur établissement, • Définition des zones d’établissement potentielles dans la zone ARP. c. Probabilité de dissémination • Moyens de dissémination (naturelle et assistée) dans la zone ARP, • Magnitude de la dissémination des 8 espèces d’insecte. d. Conséquences potentielles • Évaluation de l’impact économique en terme de production, associé aux 8 espèces d’insectes pour l’agriculture, la sylviculture et l’horticulture dans leur zone de répartition géographique actuelle et dans la zone ARP, • Évaluation de l’impact en JEVI dans la zone ARP. e. Conclusions des catégorisations des organismes nuisibles Dans cet avis, la catégorisation de Cordylomera spinicornis sera présentée
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 22 Jul 2025
https://anses.hal.science/anses-05175671v1
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[hal-03035102] Les bioagresseurs invasifs dans les forêts françaises : passé, présent et avenir
Les bioagresseurs invasifs affectent lourdement les forêts françaises depuis la fin du XIXe siècle et le phénomène s’accélère ces dernières années. La majorité d’entre eux arrive désormais d’Asie. Une revue des dix pathogènes et insectes invasifs les plus dommageables aux forêts est réalisée. Le règlement européen sur « la santé du végétal » mis en application en décembre 2019 vise à limiter les introductions nouvelles et organise la surveillance et la lutte en cas d’introduction constatée. Sa déclinaison forestière française est exposée. Enfin, les méthodes innovantes permettant d’anticiper le risque ainsi que les principaux bioagresseurs qui présentent une menace à court terme pour la forêt française sont présentés et discutés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francois-Xavier Saintonge) 15 Dec 2020
https://agroparistech.hal.science/hal-03035102v1
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[hal-02736320] DNA Metabarcoding to quantify the response of insect diversity to mountain forest die-offs in the French Pyrenees
Mountain forests suffer from an increase in frequency and severity of summer droughts and infestations of pathogens and insects. Those factors are causing high mortality of some keystone tree species (forest die-offs). Yet, how tree diebacks and associated changes in forest composition will affect local diversity and ecosystem functions remains unknown. Here, we aim at quantifying the impact of climate-induced forest decline on biodiversity by measuring changes in taxonomic structure of invertebrate communities along gradients of silver fir (Abies alba) dieback in the French Pyrenees. We use DNA metabarcoding to analyse 224 samples of Malaise traps placed on 56 silver fir dominated plots in the French Pyrenees from May to September 2017. Samples were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and analysed using the DAMe twin-tagging pipeline approach. We conducted taxonomic assignment against reference DNA barcode libraries to streamli ne identification and recover biological information for ecological analysis. We discuss the results of our metabarcoding analysis and the utility of our approach to conduct biomonitoring across a large geographical scale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucas Sire) 02 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02736320v1
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[hal-02637388] The EASIN Editorial Board: quality assurance, exchange and sharing of alien species information in Europe
The European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) aims to facilitate the exploration of alien species information in Europe, and is recognized as the information system supporting European Union Member States in the implementation of the recently published Invasive Alien Species Regulation. In this paper, we present the role and activities of the EASIN Editorial Board (EB), which is responsible for the quality assurance, safeguarding and constant improvement of EASIN. The EB is supported by a web platform that facilitates online discussions about alien species. This platform creates a virtual community by providing a forum-like interface that is moderated by the EB Members but is freely accessible to the scientific community and the general public. It allows all registered users to make comments, raise questions and share experience and expertise on alien species in Europe. Moreover, it provides a means for exchanging opinions and solving disputes in a transparent way. The overall EB activity is commonly agreed upon procedures and standards.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Konstantinos Tsiamis) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02637388v1
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[hal-02743183] DNA metabarcoding of saproxylic beetles—streamlining species identification for large-scale forest biomonitoring
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rodolphe Rougerie) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02743183v1
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[hal-02716193] Even in culture, oligodendrocytes myelinate solely axons
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Catherine Lubetzki) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02716193v1
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[hal-02794953] Projet ADRIEN 2012-2014 : Arbres Dispersés et Rôle dans les Invasions d'Espèces Nuisibles
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arnaud Dowkiw) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02794953v1
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[hal-02801681] Projet ADRIEN - Arbres Dispersés et Rôle dans les Invasions d'Espèces Nuisibles
Le programme ADRIEN avait pour objectif de mieux comprendre le rôle des arbres hors forêts dans la distribution des bio-agresseurs invasifs des milieux forestiers. L'échelle d'étude était la région Centre qui dispose de différents types de paysage. Le programme d'étude a permis de mieux comprendre comment les différentes essences d'arbres se répartissent sur le territoire en fonction du contexte paysager, et a montré comment la répartition des différents sujets sur le territoire influençait la dispersion des bioagresseurs. Les 3 organismes modèles retenues pour l'étude étaient : la chenille processionnaire du pin, la rouille foliaire à Melampsora larici-populina des peupliers et mélèzes et le puceron lanigère du peuplier. Le projet s'est articulé autour de 2 types de tâches : "Inventaire des arbres hôtes" et "Distribution et flux des espèces associées". Les principales conclusions de ce projet sont : Une forte contribution du patrimoine arboré privé dans les continuités écologiques en ville (et à l'interface milieu urbain / milieu rural). Une très faible variabilité génétique des peupliers d’ornement dans nos paysages ruraux et urbains, avec la prédominance du peuplier d’Italie et de ses descendants. Un rôle majeur des arbres ornementaux dans la forte perméabilité de la Beauce à la dispersion de la processionnaire du pin. Les populations de puceron lanigère du peuplier en Centre-Val de Loire sont issues de l’émergence récente de populations locales, et non de la dispersion d’une population méridionale. Le milieu urbain met bien en présence les deux hôtes de la rouille du peuplier à Melampsora larici-populina en dehors de leur aire commune naturelle et le champignon est en mesure d’y boucler son cycle biologique.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arnaud Dowkiw) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02801681v1
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[hal-02804646] L'arbre urbain et son rôle dans la diffusion de parasites forestiers : un éclairage pour l’aménagement de nos paysages
Nos paysages naissent de l’action d’une multitude d’intervenants, privés ou publics, qui les modèlent de façon plus ou moins concertée pour les rendre tels que nous les connaissons. L’arbre, qu’il soit forestier, champêtre ou urbain, isolé ou en massif, est une composante essentielle de nos paysages. L’arbre hors-forêt des bords de route et berges de Loire, ou l’arbre urbain planté dans nos parcs et jardins, est loin d’être isolé écologiquement de ses congénères forestiers, et participe activement à la dynamique de circulation de la biodiversité associée à nos paysages, qu’il s’agisse d’espèces considérées patrimoniales, ordinaires ou nuisibles. Le projet ADRIEN (Arbres Dispersés et Rôle dans les Invasions d’Espèces Nuisibles) porté par l’Inra d’Orléans et soutenu par la Région Centre s’intéresse aux continuités écologiques favorisant la circulation des organismes entre les milieux forestiers et non forestiers en recensant les populations de peupliers, pins, cèdres et mélèzes hors-forêt de notre région et en étudiant la circulation de trois espèces parasites associés : le puceron lanigère, la rouille du peuplier et la processionnaire du pin. Cette étude s’appuie en particulier sur la quantification et la cartographie de ces populations d’arbres hors-forêt sur la moitié nord de l’agglomération orléanaise, située à l’interface Loire / Beauce / Forêt d’Orléans. Le projet ADRIEN permettra ainsi de mieux connaître la genèse de nos paysages urbains et périurbains, ainsi que les relations écologiques qu’ils entretiennent avec les paysages ruraux voisins, et éclairera les aménageurs pour leurs futurs projets de plantations et leur intégration dans les politiques de « trames vertes et bleues ».
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arnaud Dowkiw) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02804646v1
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[hal-02817214] Invaded habitats. Chapter 4
More than 65% (1040 species) of arthropod species alien to Europe are associated with human-made habitats, especially parks and gardens, human settlements and agricultural lands, whereas woodlands are yet colonized by less than 20% of the alien fauna, which still has a negligible representation in the other natural and semi-natural habitats. Large diff erences in habitat affi nity are observed between alien taxonomic groups. Phytophagous species are predominant among aliens, representing 47.2% of species alien to Europe.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02817214v1
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[hal-02625954] Urban trees facilitate the establishment of non-native forest insects
Cities, due to the presence of ports and airports and the high diversity of trees in streets, parks, and gardens, may play an important role for the introduction of invasive forest pests. We hypothesize that areas of urban forest facilitate the establishment of non-native forest pests. Based on scientific literature and a pan-European database on non-native species feeding on woody plants, we analysed where the first detections occurred in European countries. We collected site data for 137 first detections in Europe and 508 first European country-specific records. We also estimated the percentage of tree cover and suitable habitat (green areas with trees) in buffers around detection points. The large majority of first records (89% for first record in Europe and 88% for first records in a European country) were found in cities or suburban areas. Only 7% of the cases were in forests far from cities. The probability of occurrence decreased sharply with distance from the city. The probability to be detected in urban areas was higher for sap feeders, gall makers, and seed or fruit feeders (>90%) than for bark and wood borers (81%). Detection sites in cities were highly diverse, including public parks, street trees, university campus, arboreta, zoos, and botanical gardens. The average proportion of suitable habitat was less than 10% in urban areas where the species were detected. Further, more than 72% of the cases occurred in sites with less than 20% of tree cover. Hotspots of first detection were identified along the coastal regions of the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and near industrial areas of central Europe. We conclude that urban trees are main facilitators for the establishment of non-native forest pests, and that cities should thus be intensely surveyed. Moreover, as urban areas are highly populated, the involvement of citizens is highly recommended.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Manuela Branco) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625954v1
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[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife
Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 09 Oct 2025
https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1
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[hal-01605949] Micro X-ray computed tomography suggests cooperative feeding among adult invasive bugs Leptoglossus occidentalis on mature seeds of stone pine Pinus pinea
The consumption of edible pine seeds of stone pine by the invasive Leptoglossus occidentalis represents a major concern for producers in Mediterranean countries but, to date, little knowledge is available about its feeding process on these seeds. In the present study, we tested whether L. occidentalis is capable of feeding upon mature pine seeds and also estimated the impact that they may induce. Sound pine seeds were offered to bugs under laboratory conditions. Seed content was analyzed via a multitechnique approach using a stereomicroscope, X-rays and microcomputed tomography, which was expected to better characterize the damage caused by this bug. Adults of L. occidentalis were capable of feeding on mature seeds by piercing the hard and thick coat. However, the consumption was low and demonstrated a slow start, presumably as a result of the time and effort taken to drill a feeding hole. A collaborative feeding process was suggested because all bugs in the same box appeared to have fed through the same hole in most cases. Consumption was estimated to be approximately one-fifth of a seed kernel per bug per month. Consumed kernels appeared skunked and wrinkled.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana O. Farinha) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01605949v1
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[hal-02823896] Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Chapter 8.2
We record 201 alien curculionoids established in Europe, of which 72 originate from outside Europe. Aliens to Europe belong to fi ve families, but four-fi fths of them are from the Curculionidae. Many families and subfamilies, including some species-rich ones, have few representatives among alien curculionoids,whereas some others are over-represented; these latter, Dryophthoridae, Cossoninae and specially Scolytinae,all contain many xylophagous species. The number of new records of alien species increases continuously,with an acceleration during the last decades. Aliens to Europe originate from all parts of the world,but mainly Asia; few alien curculionoids originate from Africa. Italy and France host the largest number of alien to Europe. Th e number of aliens per country decreases eastwards, but is mainly correlated with importations frequency and, secondarily, with climate. All alien curculionoids have been introduced accidentally via international shipping. Wood and seed borers are specially liable to human-mediated dispersal due to their protected habitat. Alien curculionoids mainly attack stems, and half of them are xylophagous. The majority of alien curculionoids live in human-modifi ed habitats, but many species live in forests and other natural or semi-natural habitats. Several species are pests, among which grain feeders as Sitophilus spp. are the most damaging.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Daniel Sauvard) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02823896v1
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[hal-02647888] Incipient allochronic speciation in the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Lepidoptera, Notodontidae)
A plausible case of allochronic differentiation, where barrier to gene flow is primarily due to a phenological shift, was recently discovered in Portugal for the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Previous results suggested that the observed "summer population" (SP) originated from the sympatric winter population (WP). Our objectives were to finely analyse these patterns and test their stability in time, through field monitoring and genetic analyses of larvae and adults across different years. Reproductive activity never overlapped between SP and WP. Microsatellites showed a clear differentiation of the SP, consistent with a strong reduction of gene flow due to the phenological shift. Assignment tests suggested that some individuals shift from the SP to the WP phenology, causing some hybridization. We discuss these patterns and their maintenance over time. This could be a first stage of allochronic speciation and SP should be considered as a distinct phenological race.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helena Santos) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647888v1
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[hal-03366792] Preventing invasions of Asian longhorn beetle and citrus longhorn beetle: are we on the right track?
Two Asian longhorn beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis, are among the most serious alien invasive species attacking forest and urban trees, both in North America and Europe. Major efforts have been put into preventing further entry and establishment of the two species as well as promoting their successful eradication. Here, we review these efforts, their progress and outcome, and scientific advancements in monitoring and control methods. The combined international activities and harmonizing legislative changes in detection and eradication methods have proven worthwhile, with more than 45% of eradication programmes successful in the last 12 years. Some countries were able to completely eradicate all populations and others managed to reduce the area affected. Although the costs of the eradication programmes can be very high, the benefits outweigh inaction. Attempts to eradicate A. chinensis have been more challenging in comparison with those targeting A. glabripennis. For both species, efforts are hampered by the ongoing arrival of new beetles, both from their native regions in Asia and from other invaded regions via bridgehead effects. The methods used for eradication have not changed much during the last decade, and host removal is still the method most commonly used. On the other hand, detection methods have diversified during the last decade with advances in semiochemical research and use of detection dogs. The next decade will determine if eradications continue to be successful, particularly in the case of A. chinensis, which has been targeted in some countries for containment instead of eradication. Key Message: • Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are invasive wood borers native to Asia • Both species are serious pests in their invaded range, attacking healthy forest and urban trees • We analyse data from 2008–2020, regarding interceptions, establishments and eradications • In Europe and North America more than 45% of eradication programmes were successful • Innovations on management strategies and recent scientific achievements are reviewed
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sofia Branco) 05 Oct 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03366792v1
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[hal-02799903] Natural history of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): New insights in relation to climate change
It is difficult to find a genus of Lepidoptera showing the high variability of life history traits observed in Thaumetopoea. There are typical summer feeding close to winter feeding species, and in one special case a recent switch has been detected even within one species, the pine processionary moth, indicating that the natural history traits are constantly evolving at a fast rate. There are species adapted to cold conditions of high mountains and high latitude close to truly Mediterranean and sub-desert region species. All species have gregarious behaviour as larva and are protected against vertebrate predators by urticating setae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Andrea Battisti) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799903v1
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[hal-02790639] Using population genetics and genomic approaches to decipher the recent history of forest pest insects and improve management strategies
In the last decades, population genetics has proved to be a powerful tool to study differentiation and divergence of species at different spatial and temporal scales. Classical molecular markers, mostly mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci, were successfully used to characterize the natural structure of populations, to identify the environmental factors favouring or impeding gene flow, and to understand the driving forces of genetic differentiation. In the context of current global changes, population genetics was also used to disentangle the demographic processes during invasions and expansions and to characterize dispersion patterns. These approaches have often highlighted the complexity and the sometimes counterintuitive nature of the on-going scenarios. The development of new model-based methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), allows quantitative inferences and the explicit comparison of alternative scenarios. The recent advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized the field of population genetics, and now allows the development of genome-wide approaches even in non-model organisms. These major improvements provide most powerful tools to analyse the evolution of both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity. Taking the pine processionary moth as a case example, we will illustrate how population genetics and genomics can be used in forest entomology and bring valuable answers regarding invasion and expansion processes. In particular, we could identify signs of both diffusive dispersal and long-range movements during the expansion of this species in France, which suggests man-aided movements possibly linked to host plant trade. We will also show how genomic markers (RAD-seq) were developed and allowed to deeply explore a case of recent allochronic differentiation in Portugal, which resulted in the occurrence of a phenologically-shifted and highly divergent population for which specific management strategies must be applied.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790639v1
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[hal-02799280] Climate Warming and Past and Present Distribution of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.) in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa
Pine processionary moth, Thaumetopea pityocampa, is a model insect indicator of global warming, the northwards and upwards range expansion of this Mediterranean species being directly associated with the recent warming up. The knowledge about the drivers of moth expansion is synthesized. A first standardized mapping of the northern expansion edge, from Western Europe to Turkey, is presented, then detailed for 20 countries of Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, including future trends. Additional data about the responses of the other Thaumetopoea species are given. Finally, the chapter points out the importance of the man-mediated introductions in the expansion process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799280v1
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[hal-03604168] Modelling the flight trajectories of Monochamus galloprovincialis in heterogeneous landscapes
Potential spread of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is driven by both insect vector and human-mediated dispersal. At local scale, dispersal capacity of the vector may explain the failure of eradication measures such as host tree removal. In Europe, the PWN is transported by the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis. Although the insect is known to disperse at short distances following mark-release-recapture experiments, the insect is able to fly rather long distances on a flight mill (cumulated distance of 16 km on average and up to 63 km). A first dispersal model was developed to describe the flight trajectory of M. galloprovincialis in non-fragmented pine forests. The shape of the dispersal kernel was fitted to the data recorded in the flight mill experiment to capture the proportion of long-distance flights compared to short-distance flights. Then, the dispersal model was refined to flight distances recorded in the field using data from the mark-recapture experiments conducted in a pine forest. Here, we will present how this model was adapted to simulate the dispersal of the insect vector in heterogeneous landscapes, e.g. a mosaic of pines, broadleaf trees, and open areas. This model was fitted to recent data from other mark-release-recapture experiments in such diverse landscapes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 16 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03604168v1
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[hal-02626247] Is Leptoglossus occidentalis entirely responsible for the high damage observed on cones and seeds of Pinus pinea? Results from a fertirrigation trial in Portugal
The uncertainty surrounding the part played by an invasive North American seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, in the observed decrease in seed production of the Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinea, is a limiting factor for its management. Furthermore, the possibility of increasing cone production through irrigation and fertilization regimes is gaining interest among landowners, but its effects on insect pests are still unknown. Using bagged branches in the field, we aimed at evaluating the impact of L. occidentalis on young and mature cones of stone pine trees submitted to fertirrigation (FR) compared to trees with no treatment (C). For two consecutive years (2015 and 2016), we carried out both an insect-exclusion trial and an insect-bagged trial. In the first one, polyester-covered branches, excluding insects, were compared to branches exposed to natural insect infestation. In the second trial, bags included either two adult bugs or 3-4 third-instar nymphs, placed there for one month during mid-summer, or were kept without insects. Branch protection resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality of second-year conelets which dropped to 6% compared to 30% in exposed branches. Seed damage also decreased from 60% on exposed branches to 10% on protected ones. The presence of nymphs in the bags resulted in a mortality of second-year conelets 63% higher than in exclusion bags, whereas adults had no effect. In contrast, bags with adults presented the highest seed damage. The partial damage of the kernel can be a signature of L. occidentalis feeding since such damage was not observed in exclusion bags. Additionally, another type of seed damage, showing a wholly shrunken and dry embryo without remaining endosperm, and a reduction in the number of extractable seeds may also be attributed to this seed bug. Overall, seed damage per mature cone reached up to 12% in bags with two adult bugs enclosed for a month, i.e., twice the seed damage in protected cones. Overall, FR trees were more susceptible to both conelet mortality and seed damage. In the particular case of L. occidentalis, FR regime influenced the consumption positively by the nymphs but not by adults.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana Cristina Oliveira Farinha) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626247v1
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[hal-02621251] The stone pine, Pinus pinea L., a new highly rewarding host for the invasive Leptoglossus occidentalis
The invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis, a species native to Western North America, is of major concern for the producers of stone pine seeds in the Mediterranean countries. The large size of these edible seeds and their nutritive content may represent a pull factor for the seed bug. Cone and seed traits of three main Mediterranean pine species: P. pinea, P. pinaster, and P. halepensis, were evaluated. Preference trials with cone-bearing branches, individual cones and seeds were conducted to test host preference among the three host species. Considering the kernel size, stone pine seeds provide 4 to 13 times more reward than P. pinaster and P. halepensis seeds, respectively, but also needed a greater effort to be reached as measured by coat thickness. Still, the benefit/cost ratio was higher on P. pinea. Individual seeds and cones of P. pinea were 2 to 3 times more consumed than those of the two other pine species. However, branch preference trials did not reveal any difference in hug visits. Moreover, adults manifested strong group behaviour on branches, frequently dissociating into two persisting groups. The implications of these results for P. pinea producing areas are discussed.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana O. Farinha) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02621251v1
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[hal-04160992] Management options for non-native forest pests along their invasion pathways
Editorial of a special issue of Neobiota on "Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Jactel) 13 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04160992v1
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[hal-02800929] Mechanisms of Host Tree Selection by the Pine Processionary Moth
The pine processionary moth is, by far, the most important insect defoliator of pine forests in Southern Europe and North Africa, both in terms of its temporal occurrence, geographic range and socioeconomic impact. Monitoring and pest management actions are therefore required on a regular basis, to ensure the detection, evaluation and mitigation of potential risks to forest and public health. However, we still lack some of the basic knowledge required for relevant analyses of the risk posed by the pine processionary moth. Pest risk is defined as a combination of three components: (1) pest occurrence, which depends on the spatiotemporal dynamics of populations; (2) plant vulnerability to the pest, resulting in a certain amount of damage; and (3) the socioeconomic impact of damage, depending on the potential value of the plants damaged (Jactel et al. 2012). The population dynamics of the processionary moth has been extensively studied, in particular within the context of climate change (see Battisti et al. 2014, Chap. 2, this volume). Several studies have recently addressed the question of tree and forest vulnerability to pine processionary attacks but a comprehensive review of evidence was missing. This is the first objective of this chapter. In particular we were interested in a better understanding of the ecological mechanisms responsible for the host tree selection, at both the species and individual tree levels. In a second part we show that pine susceptibility to the pine processionary moth could be reduced by improving forest diversity at different spatial scales. In the last part of this chapter we provide quantitative estimate of the growth losses caused by defoliations of the pine processionary moth. Altogether this information paves the way for quantitative risk analyses on pine processionary moth infestations based on forest growth models.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maria Rosa Paiva) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02800929v1
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[hal-01603928] Recent and fast invasion in Europe: The case of the Western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis.
Recent and fast invasion in Europe: The case of the Western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis. . ICE 2016; XXV International Congress of Entomology
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01603928v1
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[hal-05087095] Ravageurs sur eucalyptus
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François-Xavier Saintonge) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05087095v1
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[hal-02639635] Phylogeography of the ladybird Iberorhyzobius rondensis, a potential biological control agent of the invasive alien pine bast scale Matsucoccus feytaudi
Understanding the genetic structure of natural enemies is an important step to develop efficient biocontrol programs. The ladybird Iberorhyzobius rondensis Eizaguirre (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, is a specialized predator and potential biological control of Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae), an invasive alien species in Southeastern France and Italy. M. feytaudi is specialized on Pinus pinaster Aiton. The beetle is also restricted to this habitat. Genetic structure of I. rondensis populations was analysed with the barcode region (COI). It revealed two main refugia areas for the beetle in Iberian Peninsula. Comparative phylogeography of the three trophic levels, plant-herbivore-predator, is discussed. Similar population structure was found for the prey and to some extent for the pine. Indications are given on where to collect the beetles for their use in biocontrol of M. feytaudi, in order to obtain the highest genetic diversity and match with the origin of the invasive prey.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Catarina Tavares) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02639635v1
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[hal-02907131] Pathologists and entomologists must join forces against forest pest and pathogen invasions
The world’s forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests. Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often the same and that insects and fungi often coexist in the same affected trees. Innovative methods for preventing invasions, early detection and identification of non-native species, modelling of their impact and spread and prevention of damage by increasing the resistance of ecosystems can be shared for the management of both pests and diseases. We, therefore, make recommendations to foster this convergence, proposing in particular the development of interdisciplinary research programmes, the development of generic tools or methods for pest and pathogen management and capacity building for the education and training of students, managers, decision-makers and citizens concerned with forest health.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hervé Jactel) 27 Jul 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02907131v1
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[hal-02669037] Genetic isolation through time: allochronic differentiation of a phenologically atypical population of the pine processionary moth
Allochronic speciation refers to a mode of sympatric speciation in which the differentiation of populations is primarily due to a phenological shift without habitat or host change. However, it has been so far rarely documented. The present paper reports on a plausible case of allochronic differentiation between sympatric populations of the pine processionary moth ( PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The PPM is a Mediterranean insect with winter larval development. A phenologically atypical population with early adult activity and summer larval development was detected 10 years ago in Portugal. Mitochondrial and nuclear sequences strongly suggest that the 'summer' individuals are closely related to the sympatric winter population, while microsatellite data show a reduction in allelic richness, a distortion of allelic frequencies and significant genetic differentiation. Moreover, monitoring of adult flights suggests that reproductive activity does not overlap between the summer and winter populations. We postulate that the summer population appeared after a sudden phenological shift of some individuals of the sympatric winter population, leading to a founder effect and complete reproductive isolation. Given that the individuals showing this new phenology are subject to different selection pressures, the observed allochronic differentiation may rapidly lead to deeper divergence.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helena Santos) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669037v1
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[hal-02800748] Natural History of the Pine Processionary Moth,Thaumetopoea pityocampa
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dimitrios N. Avtzis) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02800748v1
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[hal-04160903] Modelling the invasion dynamics of the African citrus psyllid: The role of human-mediated dispersal and urban and peri-urban citrus trees
The African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera, Triozidae), is native to tropical Africa and invasive species in North America and Europe. The main host plants are citrus, displaying a preference for lemon trees. This psyllid was recently detected in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula, both in Spain and Portugal. Here, we used a model combining a reaction-diffusion model to a stochastic long-distance dispersal model to simulate the invasion dynamics of T. erytreae in Portugal. The psyllid spread in Portugal was simulated between 2015 and 2021 for different combinations of model parameters: two fecundity levels; spread with and without stochastic long-distance dispersal; single or two introductions of T. erytreae ; and considering or not the urban and peri-urban citrus trees, besides citrus orchards, estimated using Google Street view imagery. The incorporation of long-distance human mediated dispersal significantly improved the F1-score in the model validation using the official reports as the observed data. Concomitantly, the dispersal rate of T. erytreae in Portugal was on average about 66 km/year, whereas removing long-distance dispersal events, the observed mean was 7.8 ± 0.3 km/year. The dispersal was mainly towards the south along the coastline, where human population is concentrated. The inclusion of the estimated citrus trees outside orchards areas significantly increased the F1-score in the model validation, revealing the importance these isolated host plants hold as stepping stones for the species current invasion and possibly for other species alike.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pedro Nunes) 06 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04160903v1
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[hal-04171539] Worldwide tests of generic attractants, a promising tool for early detection of non-native cerambycid species
A large proportion of the insects which have invaded new regions and countries are emerging species, being found for the first time outside their native range. Being able to detect such species upon arrival at ports of entry before they establish in non-native countries is an urgent challenge. The deployment of traps baited with broad-spectrum semiochemical lures at ports-of-entry and other high-risk sites could be one such early detection tool. Rapid progress in the identification of semiochemicals for cerambycid beetles during the last 15 years has revealed that aggregation-sex pheromones and sex pheromones are often conserved at global levels for genera, tribes or subfamilies of the Cerambycidae. This possibly allows the development of generic attractants which attract multiple species simultaneously, especially when such pheromones are combined into blends. Here, we present the results of a worldwide field trial programme conducted during 2018–2021, using traps baited with a standardised 8-pheromone blend, usually complemented with plant volatiles. A total of 1308 traps were deployed at 302 sites covering simultaneously or sequentially 13 European countries, 10 Chinese provinces and some regions of the USA, Canada, Australia, Russia (Siberia) and the Caribbean (Martinique). We intended to test the following hypotheses: 1) if a species is regularly trapped in significant numbers by the blend on a continent, it increases the probability that it can be detected when it arrives in other countries/continents and 2) if the blend exerts an effective, generic attraction to multiple species, it is likely that previously unknown and unexpected species can be captured due to the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures within related taxa. A total of 78,321 longhorned beetles were trapped, representing 376 species from eight subfamilies, with 84 species captured in numbers greater than 50 individuals. Captures comprised 60 tribes, with 10 tribes including more than nine species trapped on different continents. Some invasive species were captured in both the native and invaded continents. This demonstrates the potential of multipheromone lures as effective tools for the detection of ‘unexpected’ cerambycid invaders, accidentally translocated outside their native ranges. Adding new pheromones with analogous well-conserved motifs is discussed, as well as the limitations of using such blends, especially for some cerambycid taxa which may be more attracted by the trap colour or other characteristics rather than to the chemical blend.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 27 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04171539v1
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[hal-04169153] Latitudinal gradient in avian insectivory: complementary effects of climate, habitat and bird diversity
According to the Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis (LBIH), the general increase in biodiversity towards lower latitudes can be partially explained by an increase in the intensity of biotic interactions. While LBIH received some support for plant-herbivores interactions, much less is known about how higher trophic levels may contribute to shape biotic interactions across latitudinal gradients. We hypothesized that the diversity of insectivorous birds increases towards lower latitude, leading to higher predation rates on insect herbivores. Location Europe. Taxon Insectivorous birds and pedunculate oaks. Methods We deployed plasticine caterpillars in 138 oak trees in 47 sites along a 19° latitudinal gradient in Europe to quantify bird insectivory through predation attempts. In addition, we used passive acoustic monitoring to (i) characterize the acoustic diversity of surrounding soundscapes; and (ii) infer both taxonomic and functional diversity of insectivorous birds from recordings. Results The functional diversity of insectivorous birds increased towards lower latitude. Bird predation increased with latitude, forest cover and bird acoustic diversity but decreased with mean annual temperature and functional richness of insectivorous birds. Contrary to our predictions, latitudinal clines in bird predation attempts were not directly mediated by changes in insectivorous bird diversity or acoustic diversity, but latitude and habitat still had independent effects on predation attempts. Main conclusions Our study does not fully support the predictions of the LBIH of more biotic interactions southwards and advocates for better accounting for activity and abundance of insectivorous birds when studying the large-scale variation in insect-tree interactions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laura Schillé) 24 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04169153v1
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[hal-04175438] Another Chapter in the History of the European Invasion by the Western Conifer Seed Bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis: The Iberian Peninsula
The Western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, is native to North America and has already been considered a significant pest in several European countries since its first observation in Italy in 1999. In Spain and Portugal, it was recorded for the first time in 2003 and 2010, respectively, and its impact on Stone Pine (Pinus pinea) is of major concern. Before developing control measures for this insect pest, it is paramount to clarify its spatiotemporal dynamics of invasion. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to (a) characterise the genetic structure and diversity and (b) invasion pathways of L. occidentalis populations in the Iberian Peninsula. To do so, specimens of L. occidentalis were collected at fourteen sites widely distributed within the Iberian Peninsula. We used mtDNA sequences of Cytochrome b and eleven microsatellite markers to characterise the genetic diversity and the population structure in the Iberian Peninsula. Our genetic results combined with the observational dates strongly support a stratified expansion of L. occidentalis invasion in the Iberian Peninsula proceeding from multiple introductions, including at least one in Barcelona, one in Valencia, and one in the west coast or in the Southeastern region.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana Oliveira Farinha) 02 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04175438v1
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[hal-02661294] Population monitoring of the pine processionary moth (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) with pheromone-baited traps
A series of tests were carried out to design pheromone-based monitoring of the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa. In a dose–response field test the number of male captures increased significantly with the dosage of pityolure to a plateau around 10 mg. The activity of pheromone dispensers persisted for at least 11 weeks, enough to cover the entire flight period of T. pityocampa. In a comparison of several saturating and non-saturating trap designs, plate sticky traps always showed the highest trapping efficiency. Captures were significantly higher in regularly cleaned traps than in traps without cleaning, and at tree canopy height; however, the latter were positively correlated with captures from traps positioned at breast height. The relationship between the number of PPM males captured in pheromone traps and the density of winter nests was investigated in 14 stands of the maritime pine (Pinus maritima) using 10 traps baited with low doses of pityolure. Mean trap captures calculated from 3 traps schemes to 10 traps were significantly correlated with nest density, indicating that four plate sticky traps baited with 0.2 mg of pityolure would provide a cost-effective tool for monitoring population densities of PPM per hectare. The reliability of this design was tested in 33 pine stands of different age and tree species across a range of geographic regions (France, Italy, Portugal), both in the core and expansion areas of the pest. The results were remarkably consistent, showing significant and positive correlations between mean male captures per day and total number of winter nests per hectare irrespective of the regions. The correlations with the level of infestation in the following generation was also positive for all regions although less significant. Our findings suggest that pheromone-baited traps provide a suitable tool for monitoring of T.pityocampa populations
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Herve Jactel) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02661294v1
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[hal-02797794] Insect – Tree Interactions in Thaumetopoea pityocampa
The pine processionary moth is, by far, the most important insect defoliator of pine forests in Southern Europe and North Africa, both in terms of its temporal occurrence, geographic range and socioeconomic impact. Monitoring and pest management actions are therefore required on a regular basis, to ensure the detection, evaluation and mitigation of potential risks to forest and public health. However, we still lack some of the basic knowledge required for relevant analyses of the risk posed by the pine processionary moth. Pest risk is defined as a combination of three components: (1) pest occurrence, which depends on the spatiotemporal dynamics of populations; (2) plant vulnerability to the pest, resulting in a certain amount of damage; and (3) the socioeconomic impact of damage, depending on the potential value of the plants damaged (Jactel et al. 2012). The population dynamics of the processionary moth has been extensively studied, in particular within the context of climate change (see Battisti et al. 2014, Chap. 2, this volume). Several studies have recently addressed the question of tree and forest vulnerability to pine processionary attacks but a comprehensive review of evidence was missing. This is the first objective of this chapter. In particular we were interested in a better understanding of the ecological mechanisms responsible for the host tree selection, at both the species and individual tree levels. In a second part we show that pine susceptibility to the pine processionary moth could be reduced by improving forest diversity at different spatial scales. In the last part of this chapter we provide quantitative estimate of the growth losses caused by defoliations of the pine processionary moth. Altogether this information paves the way for quantitative risk analyses on pine processionary moth infestations based on forest growth models.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Herve Jactel) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02797794v1
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[hal-02799782] Genetic diversity and structure at different spatial scales in the processionary moths
This chapter presents the evolutionary history of Thaumetopoea species associated with pines, at different temporal and spatial scales. It corresponds to recent discoveries and ongoing works using sequencing technologies and population genetics. Most of the subchapters focus on the winter pine processionary moths T. pityocampa/T. wilkinsoni including a population with a shifted life cycle. Results concerning the summer pine processionary moth T. pinivora and the evolution of the whole genus are also presented. This chapter gives insights about the effects of Quaternary climate changes in different regions, and allow to study the contemporary changes due to the present climate warming.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02799782v1
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[hal-02630970] DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf-mining moths in the Neotropics
Higher taxa often show increasing species richness towards tropical low latitudes, a pattern known as the latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG). A rare reverse LBG (with greater richness towards temperate high latitudes) is exhibited by Gracillariidae leaf-mining moths, in which most described species occur in northern temperate areas. We carried out the first assessment of gracillariid species diversity in two Neotropical regions to test whether the relatively low tropical species diversity of this family is genuine or caused by insufficient sampling and a strong taxonomic impediment. Field surveys in six French Guianan and one Ecuadorian site produced 516 gracillariid specimens that were DNA barcoded to facilitate identification and to match larvae inside leaf mines with adults. Species delineation from sequence data was approximated using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Refined Single Linkage Analysis through the Barcode Index Number system, and the proportion of described/undescribed species was estimated after comparison with types of 83% of described species. Locally, alpha-diversity far exceeds that of any known temperate fauna, with as many as 108 candidate species (59.3% as singletons) collected at one site, and with an estimated species richness lower bound of 240 species. Strikingly, at least 85% of the species collected as adults were found to be undescribed. Our sampling represents the most thorough survey of gracillariid species diversity in the Neotropics to date and the results from both our molecular and morphological analyses indicate that the current reverse LBG seen in this group is an artefact of insufficient sampling and a strong description deficit in the Neotropics.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David C Lees) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02630970v1
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[hal-02808562] DNA barcoding reveals that the reverse latitudinal gradient of Gracillariidae leaf-miners is an artifact of tropical under-sampling
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02808562v1
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[hal-02652762] Increased gene sampling strengthens support for higher-level groups within leaf-mining moths and relatives (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Background: Researchers conducting molecular phylogenetic studies are frequently faced with the decision of what to do when weak branch support is obtained for key nodes of importance. As one solution, the researcher may choose to sequence additional orthologous genes of appropriate evolutionary rate for the taxa in the study. However, generating large, complete data matrices can become increasingly difficult as the number of characters increases. A few empirical studies have shown that augmenting genes even for a subset of taxa can improve branch support. However, because each study differs in the number of characters and taxa, there is still a need for additional studies that examine whether incomplete sampling designs are likely to aid at increasing deep node resolution. We target Gracillariidae, a Cretaceous-age (similar to 100 Ma) group of leaf-mining moths to test whether the strategy of adding genes for a subset of taxa can improve branch support for deep nodes. We initially sequenced ten genes (8,418 bp) for 57 taxa that represent the major lineages of Gracillariidae plus outgroups. After finding that many deep divergences remained weakly supported, we sequenced eleven additional genes (6,375 bp) for a 27-taxon subset. We then compared results from different data sets to assess whether one sampling design can be favored over another. The concatenated data set comprising all genes and all taxa and three other data sets of different taxon and gene sub-sampling design were analyzed with maximum likelihood. Each data set was subject to five different models and partitioning schemes of non-synonymous and synonymous changes. Statistical significance of non-monophyly was examined with the Approximately Unbiased (AU) test. Results: Partial augmentation of genes led to high support for deep divergences, especially when non-synonymous changes were analyzed alone. Increasing the number of taxa without an increase in number of characters led to lower bootstrap support; increasing the number of characters without increasing the number of taxa generally increased bootstrap support. More than three-quarters of nodes were supported with bootstrap values greater than 80% when all taxa and genes were combined. Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae + Leucanthiza, and Acrocercops and Parectopa groups were strongly supported in nearly every analysis. Gracillaria group was well supported in some analyses, but less so in others. We find strong evidence for the exclusion of Douglasiidae from Gracillarioidea sensu Davis and Robinson (1998). Our results strongly support the monophyly of a G.B.R.Y. clade, a group comprised of Gracillariidae + Bucculatricidae + Roeslerstammiidae + Yponomeutidae, when analyzed with non-synonymous changes only, but this group was frequently split when synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were analyzed together. Conclusions: 1) Partially or fully augmenting a data set with more characters increased bootstrap support for particular deep nodes, and this increase was dramatic when non-synonymous changes were analyzed alone. Thus, the addition of sites that have low levels of saturation and compositional heterogeneity can greatly improve results. 2) Gracillarioidea, as defined by Davis and Robinson (1998), clearly do not include Douglasiidae, and changes to current classification will be required. 3) Gracillariidae were monophyletic in all analyses conducted, and nearly all species can be placed into one of six strongly supported clades though relationships among these remain unclear. 4) The difficulty in determining the phylogenetic placement of Bucculatricidae is probably attributable to compositional heterogeneity at the third codon position. From our tests for compositional heterogeneity and strong bootstrap values obtained when synonymous changes are excluded, we tentatively conclude that Bucculatricidae is closely related to Gracillariidae + Roeslerstammiidae + Yponomeutidae.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Akito Kawahara) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652762v1
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[hal-01606628] A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host-use evolution
Gracillariidae are one of the most diverse families of internally feeding insects, and many species are economically important. Study of this family has been hampered by lack of a robust and comprehensive phylogeny. In the present paper, we sequenced up to 22 genes in 96 gracillariid species, representing all previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups, plus 20 outgroups representing other families and superfamilies. Following objective identification and removal of two rogue taxa, two datasets were constructed: dataset 1, which included 12 loci totalling 9927 bp for 94 taxa, and dataset 2, which supplemented dataset 1 with 10 additional loci for 10 taxa, for a total of 22 loci and 16 167 bp. Maximum likelihood analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Gracillariidae and most previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups. On this basis, we propose a new classification consisting of eight subfamilies, four of which are newly recognized or resurrected: Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Gracillariinae Stainton; Lithocolletinae Stainton; Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Oecophyllembiinae Real & Balachowsky; Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova stat. rev.; and Phyllocnistinae Zeller. The subfamily Gracillariinae is restricted to the monophyletic group comprising GracillariaHaworth and closely related genera. We also formally transfer Acrocercops scriptulataMeyrick to Ornixolinae and use the name DiphtheroptilaVari, creating Diphtheroptila scriptulatacomb. n. An exploratory mapping of larval host-use traits on the phylogeny shows strong conservation of modes of leaf mining but much higher lability of associations with host plant orders and families, suggesting that host shifts could play a significant role in gracillariid diversification. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Akito Y. Kawahara) 03 Oct 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01606628v1
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[hal-02623347] Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data
This paper provides new taxonomic and biological data on a complex of gracillariid moths in the endemic genus Philodoria Walsingham, 1907 that are associated with Myrsine (Primulaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands, United States. Two new species, Philodoria kauaulaensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: Myrsine lanaiensis, M. lessertiana, and M. sandwicensis) and P. kolea Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: M. lessertiana) are described. Biological data are provided for two previously described species that also feed on Myrsine: P. auromagnifica Walsingham, 1907 and P. succedanea Walsingham, 1907. For the first time we detail and illustrate genital structures, immature stages, biology, and host plants of P. auromagnifica and P. succedanea. Philodoria kolea, P. auromagnifica, and P. succedanea occur in sympatry on the island of Hawaii (Big Island), but each species differs in behavioral characters: P. kolea utilizes leaves of seedlings and forms a serpentine mine, whereas the latter two utilize leaves of larger plants, and form linear or serpentine to blotch mines. More broadly, leaf mine forms and diagnostic characteristics of the Myrsine-feeding species complex of Philodoria (as currently known) are reviewed and illustrated.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shigeki Kobayashi) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623347v1
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[hal-02625363] Promises and challenges in insect-plant interactions
There is tremendous diversity of interactions between plants and other species. These relationships range from antagonism to mutualism. Interactions of plants with members of their ecological community can lead to a profound metabolic reconfiguration of the plants’ physiology. This reconfiguration can favour beneficial organisms and deter antagonists like pathogens or herbivores. Determining the cellular and molecular dialogue between plants, microbes, and insects, and its ecological and evolutionary implications is important for understanding the options for each partner to adopt an adaptive response to its biotic environment. Moving forward, understanding how such ecological interactions are shaped by environmental change and how we potentially mitigate deleterious effects will be increasingly important. The development of integrative multidisciplinary approaches may provide new solutions to the major ecological and societal issues ahead of us. The rapid evolution of technology provides valuable tools and opens up novel ways to test hypotheses that were previously unanswerable, but requires that scientists master these tools, understand potential ethical problems flowing from their implementation, and train new generations of biologists with diverse technical skills. Here, we provide brief perspectives and discuss future promise and challenges for research on insect–plant interactions building on the 16th International Symposium on Insect–Plant interactions (SIP) meeting that was held in Tours, France (2–6 July 2017). Talks, posters, and discussions are distilled into key research areas in insect–plant interactions, highlighting the current state of the field and major challenges, and future directions for both applied and basic research.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (David Giron) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625363v1
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[hal-02808538] Les codes-barres ADN révèlent que le gradient latitudinal de biodiversité inversé chez les mineuses de feuilles est un artefact
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02808538v1
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[hal-02798059] DNA barcoding reveals that the reverse latitudinal gradient of Gracillariidae leaf-miners is an artifact of tropical under-sampling
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02798059v1
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[hal-02626268] Winter temperature predicts prolonged diapause in pine processionary moth species across their geographic range
Prolonged diapause occurs in a number of insects and is interpreted as a way to evade adverse conditions. The winter pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni) are important pests of pines and cedars in the Mediterranean region. They are typically univoltine, with larvae feeding across the winter, pupating in spring in the soil and emerging as adults in summer. Pupae may, however, enter a prolonged diapause with adults emerging one or more years later. We tested the effect of variation in winter temperature on the incidence of prolonged diapause, using a total of 64 individual datasets related to insect cohorts over the period 1964-2015 for 36 sites in seven countries, covering most of the geographic range of both species. We found high variation in prolonged diapause incidence over their ranges. At both lower and upper ends of the thermal range in winter, prolonged diapause tended to be higher than at intermediate temperatures. Prolonged diapause may represent a risk-spreading strategy to mitigate climate uncertainty, although it may increase individual mortality because of a longer exposure to mortality factors such as predation, parasitism, diseases or energy depletion. Climate change, and in particular the increase of winter temperature, may reduce the incidence of prolonged diapause in colder regions whereas it may increase it in warmer ones, with consequences for population dynamics.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Md Habibur Rahman Salman) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626268v1
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[anses-04353534] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la catégorisation de Xylotrechus chinensis »
Dans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marchés d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, a priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes : Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi (Gahan, 1906) ; Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868. Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 19 Dec 2023
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04353534v1
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[anses-04616086] Avis de l'Anses relatif à « l’avenant à la saisine de catégorisation de 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques incluant Xylotrechus chinensis »
Xylotrechus chinensis (XYLOCH) est un insecte longicorne originaire de la région paléarctique orientale (Chine, Corée du Nord, Corée du Sud, Japon et Taïwan) dont la présence a été signalée pour la première fois sur le territoire de l’Union européenne (UE) en Espagne (depuis 2013 en Catalogne, 2018 à Valence), en Grèce (depuis 2017 en Crète, 2019 à Athènes), en France (depuis 2017 en Occitanie, 2018 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine) et en Italie (depuis 2023 en Lombardie) où il cause des dégâts sur mûrier platane (Morus bombycis). Selon les données scientifiques fournies précédemment par l’Anses et dans un avis de l’EFSA publié en 2021 , cet organisme nuisible se développe préférentiellement dans les arbres de la famille des Moraceae (Morus alba, M. bombycis et M. australis). X. chinensis est inscrit depuis 2018 sur la liste d'alerte de l'OEPP . Dans son avis de 2021, l’EFSA indique que cet organisme remplit les critères pour être catégorisé comme organisme de quarantaine de l'Union européenne (UE) sans prendre en compte les éventuelles sous-espèces et en précisant comme autre source d'incertitude la réelle étendue de sa présence sur le territoire européen. Sur le territoire français X. chinensis a été classé temporairement comme organisme réglementé en 2022. Des actions de surveillance ont été conduites pour tenter de délimiter le périmètre des foyers observés et d’identifier les potentiels impacts. Des échanges ont eu lieu ultérieurement au niveau de l’UE concernant la possibilité de réglementer cet organisme sur le territoire de l’Union ; cette option n’a pas été retenue à ce stade compte tenu notamment des capacités de dispersion rapide de l’organisme nuisible et de son impact économique qui semble limité aux plantes du genre Morus. En France, la surveillance a mis en évidence des attaques sévères sur certains individus du genre Morus. Elle a également montré que les foyers concernent des surfaces importantes dans les régions de Sète et de Bordeaux; leur éradication ne semble pas réalisable d’autant qu’ils se situent dans des espaces urbanisés, ce qui complexifie la mise en œuvre de mesures de gestion. Pour autant, la mise en œuvre de mesures de lutte dans le but de maintenir un niveau de population le plus bas possible pour limiter les impacts et la propagation de l’organisme nuisible pourrait avoir du sens dans certains contextes compte tenu des éléments suivants : - les mûriers sont des arbres d’ornement dont la présence est relativement importante en particulier dans le sud de la France et certains de ces mûriers ont une valeur patrimoniale ; les foyers ont une surface encore limitée par rapport à l’aire de répartition des mûriers en France ; la gestion des arbres infestés peut représenter un enjeu de sécurité pour les municipalités ; même si jusqu’à présent, l’organisme n’a été identifié que sur mûrier dans l’UE, il n’est pas possible d’exclure à ce jour qu’il puisse s’attaquer à des espèces d’intérêt agronomique (des échanges sont en cours avec l’INRAE à ce sujet dans le but d’essayer de lever certaines incertitudes). (extrait)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Gregoire) 18 Jun 2024
https://anses.hal.science/anses-04616086v1
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[hal-04498528] Dataset documenting prevalence and counts of pine processionary moth tents on local host trees in 3 regions of France with different climatic environments
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a defoliating lepidopter that develops during winter. The larvae are gregarious and bear urticating setae that are harmful to humans and vertebrates. They shelter in conspicuous silk tents that are easy to detect. We here present a dataset comprising tree characterization and tent counts from 3 agglomerations in France located in regions with different climatic environments. The studied trees belong to various conifer species that are potential hosts for the caterpillars. In each site, we defined clusters as one target tree and its 10–62 nearest neighbors, and surveyed each tree within the clusters by informing: tree species, coordinates, size, number of tents. We characterized a total of 3690 trees, including 2009 trees in Orléans (grouped in 68 clusters), 359 trees in La Baule (18 clusters) and 1322 trees in Montpellier (52 clusters). We provide the raw data characterizing each individual tree, graphs showing the prevalence and mean number of tents for the tree species included in the survey, and maps allowing to locate each tree. This dataset brings information about host preference of the pine processionary moth and will be useful as a baseline to study spatio-temporal variability of host-insect relationships. It can also be informative for decision-makers and managers of urban greenings to avoid trees that are likely to be heavily infested for plantation in proximity to vulnerable people.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhué) 11 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04498528v1
