Nos publications

[hal-03846951] A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe

Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Arthur Fauviau) 10 Nov 2022

https://hal.science/hal-03846951v1

[hal-05057758] Exploring the taxonomic status of the Palearctic cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris, inferred from morphometric and molecular data

The Scots pine cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) widely distributed from Europe, across to North-Eastern China, consumes the cones of Mediterranean pines, as well those of the sylvestris section. The use of multiple host pine species with limited and patchy distributions, combined with low dispersal rates, likely contributed to significant genetic and morphological variation among P. validirostris populations in its native range. P. validirostris is being considered as a biological control agent for wilding pines in the southern hemisphere and for this programme to proceed, elucidating its intraspecific variability is necessary. This study aimed to explore the phylogeography of P. validirostris in its native range in Europe using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers as well as morphological characters. The integrative taxonomic analysis revealed high genetic structuring in P. validirostris populations, identifying three main phylogeographic clades: Clade A (Iberian Peninsula, associated with Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis ), Clade B (Central Europe), and Clade C (Northern and Eastern Europe), both associated with Pinus species of the sylvestris section. The morphometric data showed that adults of the Iberic Peninsula clade were significantly larger than those of the two others. When compared to other Nearctic and Palearctic congeneric species, P. validirostris formed a monophyletic group, likely consisting of different evolutionary lineages within the sampled distribution. The findings highlight the necessity of genetic confirmation for insect taxonomy across wide distributions or multiple host trees. Clarifying whether host specificity or geography drives P. validirostris population structuring will facilitate the selection of a specific clade for wilding pine biological control.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Coralie Bertheau) 15 Jul 2025

https://hal.science/hal-05057758v1

[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife

Across the world, human (anthropophonic) sounds add to sounds of biological (biophonic) and geophysical (geophonic) origin, with human contributions including both speech and technophony (sounds of technological devices). To characterize society’s contribution to the global soundscapes, we used passive acoustic recorders at 139 sites across 6 continents, sampling both urban green spaces and nearby pristine sites continuously for 3 years in a paired design. Recordings were characterized by bird species richness and by 14 complementary acoustic indices. By relating each index to seasonal, diurnal, climatic and anthropogenic factors, we show here that latitude, time of day and day of year each predict a substantial proportion of variation in key metrics of biophony—whereas anthropophony (speech and traffic) show less predictable patterns. Compared to pristine sites, the soundscape of urban green spaces is more dominated by technophony and less diverse in terms of acoustic energy across frequencies and time steps, with less instances of quiet. We conclude that the global soundscape is formed from a highly predictable rhythm in biophony, with added noise from geophony and anthropophony. At urban sites, animals experience an increasingly noisy background of sound, which poses challenges to efficient communication.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Panu Somervuo) 09 Oct 2025

https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-05168055v1

[hal-05651852] Introduced or established? Convergent evidence indicates imported pine wood nematode vectors occupy gaps in native distribution

<div><p>Monitoring regulated quarantine plant pathogens and, when relevant, their vectors is compulsory in the European Union. Local Monochamus species (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) vector the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a non-native pest already established in most of Portugal. Only 29 M. galloprovincialis individuals were trapped in Belgium in ten years (2013-2022), despite a dense coverage of pheromone-baited traps, suggesting absence or a very rare local occurrence in the country. In the northern neighbouring countries, only one single established population is known in The Netherlands and one in Denmark. A species distribution model based on pheromone-trap catches (negative and positive) of M. galloprovincialis from 4,914 traps in 29 European countries between 2008 and 2019 was developed, using the overall climate conditions and the distribution of seven pine tree species as explanatory variables. The effect of spatial scale was tested with a multi-scale approach. With a 225*225 km spatial grain, the major explanatory variables were the mean diurnal temperature range and, to a lesser extent, the presence of Pinus spp. The model predicted a low probability of presence in Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain and north-western Germany compared to southern Europe. Genotyping allowed to conclude that at least some of the beetles caught in Belgium originated from foreign locations. All catches were located close to entry points, suggesting introduction with imported material. The small size of most of the Belgian pine stands may also explain the absence or apparently transient status, or rareness of Monochamus spp. This study thus suggests that surveys in Belgium should privilege entry points rather than local forest stands.</p></div>

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Grégoire) 10 Jun 2026

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05651852v1

[hal-05752483] Cascading effects of forest decline on habitat conditions and biodiversity in temperate forests

Climate change is leading to more severe, frequent, and widespread natural disturbances in forests, resulting in increased tree mortality across European forests. This process of tree cohort mortality, known as forest decline, can alter habitats in ways that may benefit deadwood-dependent biodiversity (i.e., saproxylic organisms). We hypothesized that habitat changes associated with forest decline would promote saproxylic biodiversity. To investigate this, we examined the cascading effects of forest decline on habitat structure and biodiversity in three distinct European settings: (i) fir-dominated forests in the French Pyrenees highlands, affected by drought; (ii) spruce-dominated forests in the German Alps highlands, affected by windstorms and bark beetle outbreaks; and (iii) oak-dominated forests in the lowlands of central France, affected by drought. Within each study plot, we inventoried living trees, deadwood, tree-related microhabitats (TreMs), and saproxylic beetles. Forest decline was associated with significant changes in deadwood quantity and TreMs across all contexts. The overall amount of deadwood increased, with highly decayed deadwood occurring primarily in coniferous forests. In drought-affected forests, TreMs diversity rose, and in all contexts, the abundance of lignicolous fungal fruiting bodies and tree injuries increased due to forest decline. These habitat changes promoted saproxylic beetle species richness and led to shifts in community composition. Our findings suggest that, in managed forests with typically low levels of deadwood, areas of forest decline could be utilized opportunistically to support deadwood-dependent species.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 16 Sep 2026

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05752483v1

[hal-05742111] Impacts of clearcut accumulation on boreal forest bird communities: Defining a safe operating space at the landscape level

Intensive management based on clearcut harvesting is a major threat to forest biodiversity globally. However, it remains unclear how the long‐term accumulation of clearcuts at the landscape level affects biodiversity and what the maximum level of clearcutting that forest species can tolerate is, that is the safe operating space. We aim to evaluate the impact of the accumulation of clearcutting areas over time on bird communities in the intensively used forest landscapes of southern Finland and to define an ecological boundary for forest species in this region. Based on the Finnish bird monitoring line transects (2006–2020), we related species richness and the abundance of the overall community and of species groups based on habitat affinity and Red List status with the accumulated area and mean size of clearcuts in the 5 and 20 years prior to bird observations. A trend analysis was conducted on a subset of transects with sufficient data to define a threshold of clearcut accumulation below which the abundance of forest species does not decline. Clearcuts benefited open‐habitat species, including common farmland and mire threatened species. However, the 20‐year accumulation of clearcuts had negative impacts on common forest species and old‐growth forest specialists. The analyses of temporal trends showed that a maximum of 9.6% of the landscape should be clearcut in 10 years to maintain or allow the recovery of old‐growth forest specialists. Such a safe threshold corresponds to a rotation time of 91 years and indicates that at least 20% of forest areas should not be used in clearcutting management. Synthesis and applications. Although clearcuts can benefit open‐habitat species, they should be limited to avoid declines in mature‐ and old‐forest species. By defining a safe limit in clearcut areas, we provide a readable target for ecologically sustainable forest use and a methodology that translates to other regions globally. However, such thresholds should be applied critically, as they are potentially context‐dependent and would require validation with multi‐taxa analyses.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rémi Duflot) 08 Sep 2026

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05742111v1

[hal-05717593] From forest stand decline to salvage logging: Cascading impacts on saproxylic beetle diversity

1. Understanding the cascading effects of stand decline on saproxylic communities, via the induced changes in deadwood and tree-related microhabitats (TreMs), is fundamental for optimizing the management of disturbed forests. We postulated that these cascading effects would vary along decline gradients-from stand decline (proportion of declining trees) to mortality (proportion of dead trees) and subsequent salvage logging-mediated by the shifts in habitat conditions. 2. This study was conducted across three representative European forest contexts: fir forests in the Pyrenees and oak forests in the Loire Valley affected by drought disturbance, and Norway spruce forests in Bavaria affected by windstorm and bark beetle outbreak. We assessed how the taxonomic and functional α-diversity of saproxylic beetles responded to variations in the diversity and density of deadwood and TreMs, using structural equation modelling. 3. Our analysis confirmed an overall positive influence of decline processes on saproxylic beetles in conifer-dominated forests. TreM and deadwood diversity played a central role in structuring saproxylic beetle communities in stand decline contexts. The increase in TreM heterogeneity associated with stand decline or mortality enhanced saproxylic abundances, with exposed wood and trunk injuries, and deadwood-associated TreMs identified as particularly influential. Snags and large deadwood elements, especially in spruce forests, and deadwood diversity further contributed to sustaining high levels of beetle abundance. 4. Conversely, salvage logging exerted detrimental effects, especially on the saproxylophagous guild, primarily through reductions in TreM heterogeneity, and the depletion of deadwood-associated and exposed wood and trunk injury types of TreMs. 5. Given the pronounced context dependency of the processes driving these cascading community dynamics, and considering the increasing frequency, severity and spatial extent of forest disturbances and global stand decline, it is imperative to integrate this complexity into management and conservation frameworks. Addressing these mechanisms with greater precision will be critical for maintaining biodiversity within rapidly changing forest ecosystems.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérémy Cours) 14 Aug 2026

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05717593v1

[hal-05585664] How to eradicate an invasive forest pest without clear‐cutting

Abstract The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , is an invasive species causing high pine mortality in invaded areas outside its native range. European Union (EU) regulations stipulate a 500‐m radius clear‐cutting around infested trees to prevent the spread of PWN by the vector beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis , yet this measure is costly and not fully effective. We used an individual‐based model describing the dispersal of the insect vector and its transmission of PWN to compare the cost‐effectiveness of clear‐cutting and selective cutting of only the PWN‐infested trees for three different methods for surveillance: visual ground surveys, aerial surveys and insect trap networks. Both strategies eradicated PWN if intensive aerial surveillance was conducted at a time that all infested trees showed symptoms. Selective cutting reduced costs by up to a factor of 200 compared to clear‐cutting, mainly due to the preservation of healthy trees. Additionally, selective cutting reduces environmental and societal costs. However, eradication is unlikely if symptom expression of infectious trees is incomplete at the time of survey. Policy implications. The results show that selective cutting applied together with modern remote sensing surveillance methods is an environmentally friendly alternative to the mandatory clear‐cutting for PWN control in the EU.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hongyu Sun) 09 Apr 2026

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05585664v1

[hal-05546422] DATASAPROX: standardised dataset from protocolled sampling of saproxylic beetles in continental France and Corsica

As part of the DATASAPROX project, we created an occurrence dataset of the saproxylic beetles from continental France and Corsica focused on protocolled data from flight interception traps. For this, we solicited the main national data producers and collected their raw data as well as the associated trapping metadata (e.g. type of trap). Once retrieved, all data went through selection and reformatting steps, including the removal of duplicates between datasets and the standardisation of taxonomic information according to the TAXREF v.18 format. We considered data from specific aerial interception traps: crossed window (©Polytrap, ©Pimul, ©Crosstrap, ©Portrap), multi-funnel (Lindgren) and window (single glass) traps. We aggregated a dataset constituting 675,525 records from 21 data producers and providers, including 485 identified projects. This dataset includes a total of 71 families, 153 subfamilies, 738 genera and 2039 species of saproxylic beetles. Data points encompass all 96 counties from continental France and Corsica for a total of 8969 geographic points and 66,202 samples. This new standardised dataset on saproxylic beetles offers new opportunities for ecological studies and conservation applications.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christopher Bosc) 10 Mar 2026

https://hal.science/hal-05546422v1

[hal-04672656] Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence

In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Soubeyrand) 26 Aug 2024

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04672656v1

[hal-04312043] Moths and butterflies on alien shores: Global biogeography of non‐native Lepidoptera

Abstract Aim Lepidoptera is a highly diverse, predominantly herbivorous insect order, with species transported to outside their native range largely facilitated by the global trade of plants and plant‐based goods. Analogous to island disharmony, we examine invasion disharmony, where species filtering during invasions increases systematic compositional differences between native and non‐native species assemblages, and test whether some families are more successful at establishing in non‐native regions than others. Location Hawaii, North America, Galapagos, Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Japan, Nansei Islands, Ogasawara Islands, Australia, New Zealand. Taxon Lepidoptera. Methods We compared numbers of non‐native, unintentionally introduced Lepidoptera species with the land area of 11 regions worldwide. Differences among native and non‐native assemblages in the distribution of species among families were investigated using ordination analysis. We tested whether invasion disharmony is explained by propagule pressure (proxied by species richness in border interceptions) and if families were associated with specific trade commodities. Results In total, 741 non‐native Lepidoptera species, accounting for 0.47% of the global diversity of lepidopterans, are established in at least one of the 11 regions. Crambidae, Pyralidae, Tineidae and Gracillariidae were particularly successful invaders, whereas the two most species‐rich families, Erebidae and Geometridae, were under‐represented among non‐native Lepidoptera. Much of the variation in species numbers in the native, and less so in the non‐native assemblages could be attributed to land area. Although native assemblages were similar among nearby regions, non‐native assemblages were not, suggesting geography had little effect on invasion disharmony. Comparison of established with intercepted species revealed that macromoth families were generally under‐represented in establishments, whereas several micromoth families were under‐represented in interceptions. This discrepancy may relate to greater detectability of larger species or high propagule pressure via associations with specific invasion pathways. Main conclusions Invasion disharmony in Lepidoptera appears to be driven by processes unrelated to the success of native assemblages. While native assemblages developed through long‐term evolutionary radiation, the composition of non‐native assemblages is driven by differential invasion pathways and traits affecting the establishment of founder populations that vary among families.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Richard Mally) 28 Nov 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04312043v1

[hal-04273563] Patterns of speciation in a parapatric pair of Saturnia moths as revealed by target capture

The focus of this study has been to understand the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of a widely distributed parapatric species pair of wild silk moths in Europe: Saturnia pavonia and Saturnia pavoniella (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). To address species delimitation in these parapatric taxa, target enrichment and mtDNA sequencing was employed alongside phylogenetic, admixture, introgression, and species delimitation analyses. The dataset included individuals from both species close to and farther away from the contact zone as well as two hybrids generated in the lab. Nuclear markers strongly supported both S. pavonia and S. pavoniella as two distinct species, with hybrids forming a sister group to S. pavoniella. However, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree generated from mtDNA sequencing data presented a different picture, showing both taxa to be phylogenetically intermixed. This inconsistency is likely attributable to mitonuclear discordance, which can arise from biological factors (e.g., introgressive hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting). Our analyses indicate that past introgressions have taken place, but that there is no evidence to suggest an ongoing admixture between the two species, demonstrating that the taxa have reached full postzygotic reproductive isolation and hence represent two distinct biological species. Finally, we discuss our results from an evolutionary point of view taking into consideration the past climatic oscillations that have likely shaped the present dynamics between the two species. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the target enrichment approach in resolving shallow phylogenetic relationships under complex evolutionary circumstances and that this approach is useful in establishing robust and well-informed taxonomic delimitations involving parapatric taxa.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maria Khan) 07 Nov 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04273563v2

[hal-04132693] The worldwide invasion history of a pest ambrosia beetle inferred using population genomics

Xylosandrus crassiusculus, a fungus-farming wood borer native to Southeastern Asia, is the most rapidly spreading invasive ambrosia species worldwide. Previous studies focusing on its genetic structure suggested the existence of cryptic genetic variation in this species. Yet, these studies used different genetic markers, focused on different geographical areas, and did not include Europe. Our first goal was to determine the worldwide genetic structure of this species based on both mitochondrial and genomic markers. Our second goal was to study X. crassiusculus' invasion history on a global level and identify the origins of the invasion in Europe. We used a COI and RAD sequencing design to characterize 188 and 206 specimens worldwide, building the most comprehensive genetic dataset for any ambrosia beetle to date. The results were largely consistent between markers. Two differentiated genetic clusters were invasive, albeit in different regions of the world. The two markers were inconsistent only for a few specimens found exclusively in Japan. Mainland USA could have acted as a source for further expansion to Canada and Argentina through stepping-stone expansion and bridgehead events. We showed that Europe was only colonized by Cluster 2 through a complex invasion history including several arrivals from multiple origins in the native area, and possibly including bridgehead from the USA. Our results also suggested that Spain .

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (T. Urvois) 19 Jun 2023

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04132693v1

[hal-03555428] Potential spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae) in Europe

Pest risk analyses (PRAs) are conducted to determine whether an organism is a pest and whether and how it should be regulated. Estimation of the potential area of establishment and pest spread are key factors of this analysis. Tools for modelling and mapping of these key factors have to be quick and easily applicable for a wide variety of organisms with limited data for parameterization. For this purpose, a dispersal kernel model based on a 2Dt-distribution had been developed in a European Union project (PRATIQUE). The aim of the present study was the evaluation of this spread model hitherto tested on insects, plants, fungi and nematodes in order to determine its applicability to bacterial pests. Therefore, the potential distribution and spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Europe was investigated based on climatic suitability and host plant availability. The results of the modelling were compared with the spread history of the pest in Europe. It is shown that this generic spread model can also be applied to a bacterial pest.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (A. Wilstermann) 10 Mar 2022

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03555428v1

[hal-03593276] Larvae of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera; Cerambycidae) have evolved a diverse and phylogenetically conserved array of plant cell wall degrading enzymes

Longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) are the most diverse group of predominantly wood-feeding (xylophagous) insects on Earth. Larvae of most species feed within tissues of plants made up of large amounts of plant cell wall (PCW), which is notoriously difficult to digest. To efficiently access nutrients from their food source, cerambycid larvae have to deconstruct PCW polysaccharides – such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin – requiring them to possess a diversity of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) in their digestive tract. Genomic data for Cerambycidae are mostly limited to notorious forest pests and are lacking for most of the taxonomic groups. Consequently, our understanding of the distribution and evolution of cerambycid PCWDEs is quite limited. We addressed the numbers, kinds and evolution of cerambycid PCWDEs by surveying larval midgut transcriptomes from 23 species representing six of the eight recognized subfamilies of Cerambycidae and each with very diverse host types (i.e., gymnosperms, angiosperms, xylem, phloem, fresh or dead plant tissues). Using these data, we identified 340 new putative PCWDEs belonging to ten carbohydrate active enzyme families, including two gene families (GH7 and GH53) not previously reported from insects. The remarkably wide range of PCWDEs expressed by Cerambycidae should allow them to break down most PCW polysaccharides. Moreover, the observed distribution of PCWDEs encoded in cerambycid genomes agreed more with phylogenetic relationship of the species studied than with the taxonomic origin or quality of the host plant tissues.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Na Ra Shin) 07 Mar 2022

https://amu.hal.science/hal-03593276v1

[hal-02848868] Possibilités et limites pour la dissémination de peupliers génétiquement modifiés en plantation artificielles : rapport de fin de contrat de l'appel d'offre sur la dissémination de plantes génétiquement modifiées du Comité Technique Permanent de la Sélection des Plantes Cultivées

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (D. Cornu) 07 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02848868v1

[hal-02824288] Lepidoptera. Chapter 11

We provide a comprehensive overview of those Lepidopteran invasions to Europe that result from increasing globalisation and also review expansion of species within Europe. A total of 97 non-native Lepidoptera species (about 1% of the known fauna), in 20 families and 11 superfamilies have established so far in Europe, of which 30 alone are Pyraloidea. In addition, 88 European species in 25 families have expanded their range within Europe and around 23% of these are of Mediterranean or Balkan origin, invading the north and west. Although a number of these alien species have been in Europe for hundreds of years, 74% have established during the 20th century and arrivals are accelerating, with an average of 1.9 alien Lepidoptera newly established per year between 2000 2007. For 78 aliens with a known area of origin, Asia has contributed 28.9%, Africa (including Macaronesian islands, Canaries, Madeira and Azores) 21.6%, North America 16.5%, Australasia 7.2% and the neotropics just 5.2%. The route for almost all aliens to Europe is via importation of plants or plant products. Most alien Lepidoptera established in Europe are also confined to man-made habitats, with 52.5% occuring in parks and gardens. We highlight four species in particular, Diaphania perspectalis, Cacyreus marshalli, Cameraria ohridella and Paysandisia archon, as the most important current economic threats.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde) 07 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02824288v1

[hal-02821025] Anthropogenic pathways in the spread of the pinewood nematode and predictions of future expansion

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 06 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02821025v1

[hal-02774447] Expression of proteinase inhibitors in transgenic poplar and oilseed rape plants

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lise Jouanin) 04 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02774447v1

[hal-02775692] Peut-on planter des peupliers transgéniques ? Cas de la résistance aux insectes

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (D. Cornu) 04 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02775692v1

[hal-02699168] Physiological factors regulating polyandry in Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)

The effects of several physiological factors related to female multiple mating in the monandrous Lobesia botrana Denis and Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were studied under laboratory conditions. Polyandry was assessed observing the induction of re-calling in previously once-mated females. Female age at first mating had no effect on induction of re-calling during practically the whole of the female lifetime, but in older females it was significantly lower. The percentage of re-calling was negatively correlated with the volume of the spermatophore received, ranging from approximate to 23% with the largest spermatophores to approximate to 75% with the smallest ones. Furthermore, the smaller the spermatophore volume, the earlier the re-calling was induced, significantly reducing the female refractory period after the first mating. Heavy females showed a significantly higher rate of re-calling (52.8%) than light ones (37.0%), but no differences were observed when females received only small spermatophores. This finding was explained by the allometric relationship between the female weight and the size of its reproductive system that affects relative replenishment by the spermatophore. Females with a supply of water displayed a significantly higher rate of re-calling (41.2%) than control females (22.8%), highlighting the effect of adult feeding (or drinking) status on the re-calling behaviour. The short-distance presence of virgin males with once-mated females promoted a re-calling rate (and subsequent matings) close to 37%, significantly higher than that of isolated females (20%). It is concluded that re-calling and polyandry in L. botrana are controlled, as expected, by a number of mating-derived stimuli, but also to a great extent by other physiological stimuli unrelated to mating. The reproductive strategies in relation to polyandry and the mechanisms controlling female sexual inhibition are discussed.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (L.M. Torres-Vila) 01 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02699168v1

[hal-02697678] Recherche de la toxicité de diverses souches de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner vis-à-vis de trois espèces de limaces

La toxicité de plusieurs préparations à base de Bacillus thuringiensis a été montrée vis-à-vis de la limace grise Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) et de l’escargot aquatique Biomphalaria alexandrina (Ehrenberg) par de précédents auteurs, laissant envisager une méthode de lutte microbiologique contre les gastéropodes. C’est pourquoi la toxicité de certains de ces produits commerciaux et de diverses souches non formulées ayant des activités insecticides différentes a été éprouvée sur trois espèces de limaces : D reticulatum, Arion distinctus Mabille et Limax valentianus Férussac et comparée à celle de produits molluscicides de référence. Parmi les produits testés, deux étaient à base de β-exotoxine (Bitoxibacillin 5 et le surnageant H1). Cependant, aucune préparation à base de Bacillus ne s’est montrée toxique vis-à-vis des trois espèces de limaces. Seuls les produits molluscicides ont confirmé leur efficacité contre les limaces.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J.C. Kienlen) 01 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02697678v1

[hal-02696029] Comparative community ecology studies on old world figs and fig wasps

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Carole Kerdelhue) 01 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02696029v1

[hal-02688224] Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the seed chalcid Megastigmus wachtli (Hymenoptera)

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (E. Carcreff) 01 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02688224v1

[hal-02687544] The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on breaking diapause of Diprion pini L. (Hym., Diprionidae)

[...]

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Hamel) 01 Jun 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02687544v1

[hal-02679630] Forecasting Cameraria ohridella invasion dynamics in recently invaded countries: from validation to prediction

1. Biological invasions have an anthropogenic origin, and although many species are able to spread on their own within the newly invaded area, long-distance dispersal events shown to accelerate rates of spread are frequently associated with human activities. In a previous study, the performances of several invasion models of the spread of the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella in Germany were compared, demonstrating that the best model in qualitative and quantitative terms was a stratified dispersal model taking into account the effect of human population density on the probability of long-distance dispersal events. 2. Similar data were collected in France over 4 years (2000-2004, 5274 observation points). These data were used to assess the performance of the best-fit models from Germany using the original parameters and to model the spread of the leafminer in France. 3. The stratified dispersal model accounting for variations in human population density developed in Germany, predicted the invasion of France with a similar level of predictive power as in the area where it was developed. This suggests that an equivalent level of predictability can be expected in a newly invaded country with similar environmental conditions. 4. We applied the model to forecast the future invasion dynamics in the UK from 2005 to 2008, based on the first observations of Cameraria in the country in 2002-2004. Predictions are discussed in the light of different prevailing environmental conditions. 5. Synthesis and application. The model and predictions developed in this study provide one of the few examples of an a priori model of invasion in a newly invaded country, and provide a simple modelling framework that can be used to explore the spread of other invading organisms. In the case of Cameraria, little can be done to prevent or slow its spread but our model, by predicting changes in distribution and rates of spread, provides fore-warning of where and when damaging pest populations are likely to appear.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marius Gilbert) 31 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02679630v1

[hal-02668114] Effect of non-lethal sampling on life-history traits of the protected moth Graellsia isabelae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Non-lethal genetic surveys in insects usually extract DNA from a leg or a piece of wing. Although preferable to lethal sampling, little is known about the effect of leg/wing non-lethal sampling on fitness-related traits. 2. Graellsia isabelae (Graells, 1849) is a European moth protected by the Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention. Conservation genetics surveys on this species should therefore use non-lethal sampling. 3. The present study aimed to (1) quantify the effects of both leg and hind-wing tail sampling on survivorship and reproductive behaviour of adult males and females, and (2) assess the quality and quantity of DNA obtained from those tissues. 4. Both hind-wing tails and mid-legs proved to be good sources of high quality nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. DNA concentration was significantly higher when extracted from a large (130 mm 2 ) piece of the hind-wing tails than from about half of the mid-leg. Using mark – release – recapture experiments with adults, it was found that neither midleg nor hind-wing tail sampling significantly reduced male survivorship or total number of matings. However, although mid-leg sampling did not significantly affect female survivorship, it had a negative effect on female mating success. 5. Wing-tail clipping on males appeared to be the best non-lethal sampling procedure for G. isabelae . It is a fast procedure, similar to natural wing impairment, and did not significantly affect survival or mating behaviour.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marta Vila) 31 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02668114v1

[hal-02664477] High intercontinental migration rates and population admixture in the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma ips

Ophiostoma ips is a common fungal associate of various conifer-infesting bark beetles in their native ranges and has been introduced into non-native pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we used 10 microsatellite markers to investigate the population biology of O. ips in native (Cuba, France, Morocco and USA) and non-native (Australia, Chile and South Africa) areas to characterize host specificity, reproductive behaviour, and the potential origin as well as patterns of spread of the fungus and its insect vectors. The markers resolved a total of 41 alleles and 75 haplotypes. Higher genetic diversity was found in the native populations than in the introduced populations. Based on the origin of the insect vectors, the populations of O. ips in Australia would be expected to reflect a North American origin, and those in Chile and South Africa to reflect a European origin. However, most alleles observed in the native European population were also found in the native North American population; only the allele frequencies among the populations varied. This admixture made it impossible to confirm the origin of the introduced Southern Hemisphere (SH) populations of O. ips . There was also no evidence for specificity of the fungus to particular bark beetle vectors or hosts. Although O. ips is thought to be mainly selffertilizing, evidence for recombination was found in the four native populations surveyed. The higher genetic diversity in the North American than in the European population suggests that North America could be the possible source region of O. ips.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Zhou Xudong) 31 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02664477v1

[hal-02663578] Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers reveal a Balkan origin for the highly invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)

Biological invasions usually start with a small number of founder individuals. These founders are likely to represent a small fraction of the total genetic diversity found in the source population. Our study set out to trace genetically the geographical origin of the horse-chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella, an invasive microlepidopteran whose area of origin is still unkown. Since its discovery in Macedonia 25 years ago, this insect has experienced an explosive westward range expansion, progressively colonizing all of Central and Western Europe. We used cytochrome oxidase I sequences (DNA barcode fragment) and a set of six polymorphic microsatellites to assess the genetic variability of C. ohridella populations, and to test the hypothesis that C. ohridella derives from the southern Balkans (Albania, Macedonia and Greece). Analysis of mtDNA of 486 individuals from 88 localities allowed us to identify 25 geographically structured haplotypes. In addition, 480 individuals from 16 populations from Europe and the southern Balkans were genotyped for 6 polymorphic microsatellite loci. High haplotype diversity and low measures of nucleotide diversities including a significantly negative Tajima's D indicate that C. ohridella has experienced rapid population expansion during its dispersal across Europe. Both mtDNA and microsatellites show a reduction in genetic diversity of C. ohridella populations sampled from artificial habitats (e.g. planted trees in public parks, gardens, along roads in urban or sub-urban areas) across Europe compared with C. ohridella sampled in natural stands of horse-chestnuts in the southern Balkans. These findings suggest that European populations of C. ohridella may indeed derive from the southern Balkans.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Romain Valade) 31 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02663578v1

[hal-02662104] The role of topography in structuring the demographic history of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

Aim: We investigated the Quaternary history of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, an oligophagous insect currently expanding its range. We tested the potential role played by mountain ranges during the post-glacial recolonization of western Europe. Location: Western Europe, with a focus on the Pyrenees, Massif Central and western Alps. Methods: Maternal genetic structure was investigated using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We analysed 412 individuals from 61 locations and we performed maximum-likelihood and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses, hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, and investigated signs of past expansion. Results: A strong phylogeographic pattern was found, with two deeply divergent clades. Surprisingly, these clades were not separated by the Pyrenees but rather were distributed from western to central Iberia and from eastern Iberia to the Italian peninsula, respectively. This latter group consisted of three shallowly divergent lineages that exhibited strong geographic structure and independent population expansions. The three identified lineages occurred: (1) on both sides of the Pyrenean range, with more genetically diverse populations in the east, (2) from eastern Iberia to western France, with a higher genetic diversity in the south, and (3) from the western Massif Central to Italy. Admixture areas were found at the foot of the Pyrenees and Massif Central. Main conclusions: The identified genetic lineages were geographically structured, but surprisingly the unsuitable high elevation areas of the main mountainous ranges were not responsible for the spatial separation of genetic groups. Rather than acting as barriers to dispersal, mountains appear to have served as refugia during the Pleistocene glaciations, and current distributions largely reflect expansion from these bottlenecked refugial populations. The western and central Iberian clade did not contribute to the northward post-glacial recolonization of Europe. Yet, its northern limit does not correspond to the Pyrenees. The different contributions of the identified refugia to post-glacial expansion might be explained by differences in host plant species richness. For example, the Pyrenean lineage could have been trapped elevationally by tracking montane pines, while the eastern Iberian lineage could have expanded latitudinally by tracking thermophilic lowland pine species.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jérôme Rousselet) 31 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02662104v1

[hal-02661793] Phylogeography of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the Near East

Phylogeographic structure of the eastern pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni was explored in this study by means of nested clade phylogeographic analyses of COI and COII sequences of mitochondrial DNA and Bayesian estimates of divergence times. Intraspecific relationships were inferred and hypotheses tested to understand historical spread patterns and spatial distribution of genetic variation. Analyses revealed that all T. wilkinsoni sequences were structured in three clades, which were associated with two major biogeographic events, the colonization of the island of Cyprus and the separation of southwestern and southeastern Anatolia during the Pleistocene. Genetic variation in populations of T. wilkinsoni was also investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and four microsatellite loci. Contrasting nuclear with mitochondrial data revealed recurrent gene flow between Cyprus and the mainland, related to the long-distance male dispersal. In addition, a reduction in genetic variability was observed at both mitochondrial and nuclear markers at the expanding boundary of the range, consistent with a recent origin of these populations, founded by few individuals expanding from nearby localities. In contrast, several populations fixed for one single mitochondrial haplotype showed no reduction in nuclear variability, a pattern that can be explained by recurrent male gene flow or selective sweeps at the mitochondrial level. The use of both mitochondrial and nuclear markers was essential in understanding the spread patterns and the population genetic structure of T. wilkinsoni , and is recommended to study colonizing species characterized by sex-biased dispersal

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mauro Simonato) 31 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02661793v1

[hal-02659303] Role of human-mediated dispersal in the spread of the pinewood nematode in China

Background: Intensification of world trade is responsible for an increase in the number of alien species introductions. Human-mediated dispersal promotes not only introductions but also expansion of the species distribution via long-distance dispersal. Thus, understanding the role of anthropogenic pathways in the spread of invading species has become one of the most important challenges nowadays. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analysed the invasion pattern of the pinewood nematode in China based on invasion data from 1982 to 2005 and monitoring data on 7 locations over 15 years. Short distance spread mediated by long-horned beetles was estimated at 7.5 km per year. Infested sites located further away represented more than 90% of observations and the mean long distance spread was estimated at 111–339 km. Railways, river ports, and lakes had significant effects on the spread pattern. Human population density levels explained 87% of the variation in the invasion probability (P,0.05).Since 2001, the number of new records of the nematode was multiplied by a factor of 5 and the spread distance by a factor of 2. We combined a diffusion model to describe the short distance spread with a stochastic,individual based model to describe the long distance jumps. This combined model generated an error of only 13% when used to predict the presence of the nematode. Under two climate scenarios (stable climate or moderate warming), projections of the invasion probability suggest that this pest could expand its distribution 40–55% by 2025. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides evidence that human-induced dispersal plays a fundamental role in the spread of the pinewood nematode, and appropriate control measures should be taken to stop or slow its expansion. This model can be applied to Europe, where the nematode had been introduced later, and is currently expanding its distribution. Similar models could also be derived for other species that could be accidentally transported by humans.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 30 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659303v1

[hal-02656591] Molecular phylogeny and evolution of host-plant use in conifer seed chalcids in the genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)

Phylogenetic relationships amongst Megastigmus species (Chalcidoidea:Torymidae) associated with conifer seeds were inferred from DNA sequence data.Twenty-nine species of seed chalcids were analysed using two different genes,cytochrome b (mitochondrial DNA) and the D2 domain of the 28S ribosomal DNA. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses showed that taxa formed two monophyletic groups, one clade comprising all species associated with Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae hosts with the exception of Chamaecyparis, and the other clade composed of species associated with Pinaceae. Species infesting Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae seemed to be specialized to particular host genera or even to be species specific, which was consistent with a taxonomic radiation following initial host adaptation. By contrast, Megastigmus species associated with Pinaceae appeared capable of shifting onto different congeneric species or even onto a new host genus, with their evolution apparently less constrained by plant association.We hypothesized that the Megastigmus group associated with Pinaceae may have a much higher invasive potential than that related to Cupressaceae. The study also confirmed the presence of invasive Nearctic species in the Palaearctic, and demonstrated the existence of a cryptic species complex.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 30 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02656591v1

[hal-02655938] Molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL): gut contents of adult parasitoid wasps reveal larval host

Metamorphosing insects often have complex and poorly known life histories. In particular, what they feed on during their larval stages remains unknown for the vast majority of species, and its documentation only results from difficult and time-intensive field observations, rearing or dissections. Through the application of a DNA analysis of gut contents in adult parasitoid wasps, we were able to selectively sequence a diagnostic DNA marker that permitted the identification of the host used by these wasps during their larval stages. By reproducing these results in species with different life histories, we excluded other potential sources of host DNA, confirming that after ingestion by the parasitoid larva the host DNA can persist through metamorphosis in the abdominal contents of the adult wasp. Our discovery considerably extends the applicability of molecular analysis of gut contents by enabling the documentation of food used by insects during their larval stages and thus increasing the accuracy and precision of food web studies. The 24% success rate of our approach is surprisingly high considering the challenging context for host DNA preservation, and we discuss the factors possibly affecting this rate. We propose molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL) as a new method to document host#parasitoid associations at a faster pace and with unrivalled precision. Because of the key regulatory role of parasitoid wasps in ecosystems, which makes them the most commonly used biological control agents, MAPL will have immediate applications in both basic and applied biological sciences.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (- Rougerie, R.) 30 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02655938v1

[hal-02654307] Tentative analysis of the interceptions of non- indigenous organisms in Europe during 1995-2004

We analysed the notifications of non-compliance reported by EPPO for 29 European countries for the period 1995–2004. Although gaps probably existed for some of these countries, a total of 8889 interceptions of non-indigenous pests were reported, among which insects were largely dominant(75.9%) followed by nematodes (11.7%). Pests came predominantly from Asia (38.2%) but intra-European exchanges contributed roughly the same proportion of pests (33.2%). The predominant commodities on which pests arrived were cut flowers (22.3%), plants for planting and potted plants (19.1%) and vegetables (18.7%) but bonsais (8.6%) appeared to contribute more than wood/bark (3.7%) and wood derivates (2.3%). Among the intercepted insects, two orders were quite equally dominant, Diptera (30.7% of which 66.7% of agromyzids) and Homoptera (30.0% among which 82.7% of aleyrodids), far above Coleoptera (17.8% of which 28.1% of cerambycids)and Lepidoptera (9.3% of which 72.6% of noctuids). The intercepted insect species reported as identified with certainty constituted a list of 302 entities,Bemisia tabaci(Aleyrodidae) and Liriomyza huidobrensis(Agromyzidae) showing the largest number of individuals. The discrepancies observed for some species between a limited number of interceptions and their effective establishment in Europe (e.g. only 1 interception for the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera)could be useful for identifying the invasion pathways.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alain Roques) 29 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02654307v1

[hal-02651792] Inferences on population history of a seed chalcid wasp: invasion success despite a severe founder effect from an unexpected source population.

Most invasive species established in Europe originate from either Asia or North America, but little is currently known about the potential of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor) and/or the Near East to constitute invasion sources. Mediterranean forests are generally fragile ecosystems that can be threatened by invasive organisms coming from different regions of the Mediterranean Basin, but for which historical data are difficult to gather and the phylogeographic patterns are still poorly understood for most terrestrial organisms. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of Megastigmus schimitscheki, an invasive seed-feeding insect species originating from the Near East, and elucidated its invasion route in South-eastern France in the mid 1990s. To disentangle the evolutionary history of this introduction, we gathered samples from the main native regions (Taurus Mountains in Turkey, Lebanon and Cyprus) and from the invaded region that we genotyped using five microsatellite markers and for which we sequenced the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. We applied a set of population genetic statistics and methods, including approximate Bayesian computation. We proposed a detailed phylogeographic pattern for the Near East populations, and we unambiguously showed that the French invasive populations originated from Cyprus, although the available historical data strongly suggested that Turkey could be the most plausible source area. Interestingly, we could show that the introduced populations were founded from an extremely restricted number of individuals that realized a host switch from Cedrus brevifolia to C. atlantica. Evolutionary hypotheses are discussed to account for this unlikely scenario.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 29 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651792v1

[hal-02643366] Modelling and mapping spread in pest risk analysis: a generic approach

Assessing the likelihood and magnitude of spread is one of the cornerstones of pest risk analysis (PRA), and is usually based on qualitative expert judgment. This paper proposes a suite of simple ecological models to support risk assessors who also wish to estimate the rate and extent of spread, e.g. when modelling the dynamics of invasion and the economic impacts that may result. Models are based on simple ecological principles, such as logistic growth, radial range expansion and population growth in combination with dispersal. Different models capture different perspectives of the spread process, being based on pest density or simply presence/absence, and they compare spatially explicit and spatially implicit approaches. A case study on Diabrotica virgifera virgifera is provided for illustration. The suite of models requires further development and testing with the risk assessment community building familiarity before their more general application in PRA.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hella Kehlenbeck) 28 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02643366v1

[hal-02644003] Molecular characterization of three genes encoding aminopeptidases N in the poplar leaf beetle Chrysomela tremulae

Three genes encoding proteins showing sequence similarity and features typical of insect APNs were characterized in C. tremulae and designed as CtAPN1, CtAPN2 and CtAPN3. Expression analysis of the three C. tremulae APN genes showed that CtAPN2 transcript is more abundant in the fat body, whereas both CtAPN1 and CtAPN3 are specifically expressed in the midgut. Despite a similar genomic organization, lepidopteran and coleopteran APNs are phylogenetically distant, suggesting that APN gene duplication events occurred after these two insect orders split. Sequence and expression comparisons of CtAPN1, CtAPN2 and CtAPN3 cDNAs in a C. tremulae Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-susceptible and in a Bt-resistant strain did not show any polymorphism at the amino acid level or difference at the transcription level

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Manuella van Munster) 28 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02644003v1

[hal-02640320] Incongruent evolutionary histories of two parasitoids in the Mediterranean Basin: influence of host specialization and ecological characteristics

Aim The pine processionary moth (PPM) is a species complex containing two congeneric taxa, namely Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni, with a circum-Mediterranean distribution and a strong geographical structure. We developed comparative phylogeographies for two of the main natural enemies of the PPM, the egg parasitoids Baryscapus servadeii and Ooencyrtus pityocampae, to determine to what extent their Quaternary histories were parallel and mirrored that of their host. Location Pine and cedar forests around the Mediterranean Basin. Methods Egg masses of the PPM were sampled from its whole range and parasitoids allowed to emerge in the laboratory. We sequenced one mitochondrial fragment from 303 individuals of B. servadeii and 239 of O. pityocampae, and the nuclear ITS2 for a subset of the samples. The distribution of genetic diversity, network of alleles and AMOVAs were analysed to decipher the phylogeographical structures, and PPM and host plant effects. Results Results differed drastically between the two parasitoid species. We found 87 haplotypes and five ITS alleles for B. servadeii, which showed a strong phylogeographical structure over its distribution range. We identified four divergent clades, one of them further forming four haplogroups. Refugial areas were similar to those of the host. AMOVA showed that over 40% of the variance could be explained by the insect host structure. In contrast, O. pityocampae showed 16 closely related haplotypes, one corresponding to 60% of the individuals. PPM structure explained only 15% of the variance. The effects of the pine host were limited in both parasitoid species. Main conclusions Baryscapus servadeii probably survived Quaternary climatic oscillations in long-term refugia where the PPM host was also continuously present. Although not strictly parallel, its history showed high degrees of similarity with that of the host. Conversely, results suggest that O. pityocampae had different climatic requirements and experienced severe bottleneck(s) during the Quaternary. Yet, it efficiently recolonized its main host range, probably helped by its parthenogenetic reproduction and possibly also by local host shifts.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg) 28 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02640320v1

[hal-02638395] Bumble bee workers drift to conspecific nests at field scales

1. Workers in several bee species travel to conspecific nests (‘drifting’), enter them, and produce male offspring inside them, so acting as intra-specific social parasites. This adds a new dimension to bees' reproductive behaviour and spatial ecology, but the extent to which drifting occurs over field scales, i.e. at natural nest densities in field conditions, has been unclear. 2. Using the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus) as a model system, we sought to determine rates of worker drifting at field scales and the frequency of potential drifter workers in wild nests. 3. A field experiment with 27 colonies showed that workers travelled to, and became accepted in, conspecific nests that were up to 60 m away, although the number of accepted drifter workers within nests fell significantly with distance. The rate at which nests were entered by drifters was relatively high and significantly exceeded the rate at which drifters became accepted. 4. Microsatellite genotyping of eight field-collected nests from Greater London, U.K., showed that a low frequency (3%) of workers were not full sisters of nestmate workers and hence were likely to have been drifter workers. 5. It is therefore concluded that workers can drift to conspecific nests over field scales and confirmed that successful drifting occurs in natural populations. Drifting appears to be a natural but low-frequency behaviour permitting B. terrestris workers to gain direct fitness.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lorenzo R. S. Zanette) 28 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02638395v1

[hal-02628233] Multi-component blends for trapping native and exotic longhorn beetles at potential points-of-entry and in forests

The accidental introduction of exotic wood-boring cerambycid beetles represents an ever-increasing threat to forest biosecurity and the economies of many countries. Early detection of such species upon arrival at potential points-of-entry is challenging. Because pheromone components are often conserved among related species in the family Cerambycidae, we tested the generic attractiveness of different blends of pheromones composed of increasing numbers of pheromone components at both potential points-of-entry and in natural forests in France during 2014-2017. Initially, two different four-component blends were compared, one composed of fuscumol, fuscumol acetate, geranylacetone, and monochamol, and the other composed of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, anti-2,3-hexanediol, 2-methylbutanol, and prionic acid. In a second step, host volatiles (ethanol and [-]--pinene) were added, and finally, we tested the effectiveness of a mixture of all eight pheromone components with the two host volatiles. Overall, 13,153 cerambycid beetles of 118 species were trapped. The 114 native species trapped represent 48% of the French fauna, including more than 50% of the species in 25 of the 41 cerambycid tribes. At potential points-of-entry, captures included 2960 cerambycids of 49 species, including three exotic Asian species, two of which had never been reported previously in Europe. In forests, attraction to the four-component blends varied with their composition. Adding host volatiles did not change the overall attraction except for the species Phymatodes testaceus, which showed a fourfold increase in captures. Placing the two four-component blends on the same trap resulted in significant increases in the number of species and individuals captured compared to captures by traps baited with each blend individually. Finally, the eight-component pheromone blend was found to be as attractive as the combination of the two four-component blends hung together on the same trap, without apparent antagonistic effects. This finding suggests that use of multi-component lures may help to minimize the costs and manpower required to detect exotic and potentially invasive species.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jian-Ting Fan) 27 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02628233v1

[hal-02627982] Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union

The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2-day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen E. Roy) 26 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02627982v1

[hal-02626202] Developing a framework of minimum standards for the risk assessment of alien species

1. Biological invasions are a threat to biodiversity, society and the economy. There is an urgent need to provide evidence- based assessments of the risks posed by invasive alien species (IAS) to prioritize action. Risk assessments underpin IAS policies in many ways: informing legislation; providing justification of restrictions in trade or consumer activities; prioritizing surveillance and rapid response. There are benefits to ensuring consistency in content of IAS risk assessments globally, and this can be achieved by providing a framework of minimum standards as a checklist for quality assurance. 2. From a review of existing risk assessment protocols, and with reference to the requirements of the EU Regulation on IAS (1143/2014) and international agreements including the World Trade Organisation, Convention on Biological Diversity and International Plant Protection Convention, coupled with consensus methods, we identified and agreed upon 14 minimum standards (attributes) a riskassessment scheme should include. 3. The agreed minimum standards were as follows: (1) basic species description; (2) likelihood of invasion; (3) distribution, spread and impacts; (4) assessment of introduction pathways; (5) assessment of impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems; (6) Assessment of impact on ecosystem services; (7) assessment of socio-economic impacts; (8) consideration of status (threatened or protected) of species or habitat under threat; (9) assessment of effects of future climate change; (10) completion possible even when there is a lack of information; (11) documents information sources; (12) provides a summary in a consistent and interpretable form; (13) -includes uncertainty; (14) includes quality assurance. In deriving these minimum standards, gaps in knowledge required for completing risk assessments and the scope of existing risk assessment protocols were revealed, most notably in relation to assessing benefits, socio-economic impacts and impacts on ecosystem services but also inclusion of consideration of climate change. 4. Policy implications. We provide a checklist of components that should be within invasive alien species risk assessments and recommendations to develop risk assessments to meet these proposed minimum standards. Although inspired by implementation of the European Union Regulation on invasive alien species, and as such developed specifically within a European context, the derived framework and minimum standards could be applied globally.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helen E. Roy) 26 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02626202v1

[hal-02625274] Rapid spread of the invasive yellow-legged hornet in France: the role of human-mediated dispersal and the effects of control measures

1.The invasive yellow-legged hornet was first discovered in Europe, in south-western France, in 2004. It has since spread very rapidly and has caused significant mortality among honey bees and native entomofauna. It also poses a risk to humans because its sting provokes allergic reactions. The objectives of this study were the following: (i) to disentangle the roles played by human-mediated dispersal and self-mediated dispersal in the species’ rapid range expansion and (ii) to estimate the intensity of control measures in France and determine what needs to be done to slow the hornet's spread and dramatically reduce its population densities. 2.A mathematical model was developed to describe the hornet's potential spread. This model included parameters describing the population growth rate, carrying capacity, self-mediated dispersal, human-mediated dispersal and the efficacy of control measures (i.e. the destruction of detected nests). Model parameters were estimated using 2004–2009 occurrence data for France and the model was then validated using 2013 occurrence data. Several scenarios were tested: human-mediated dispersal was present or absent and control intensity varied. Then, the species’ spread in coming years was simulated (from 2013 to 2020). 3.Despite some uncertainty on the value of the parameters, this model is relatively robust. Human-mediated dispersal may not be necessarily responsible for the hornet's rapid range expansion; the species could spread rapidly on its own. It is likely that, to date, an average of 30–40% of detected nests have been destroyed each year. 4.Increasing the percentage of destroyed nests from 30 to 60% could reduce the species’ spread by 17% and its nest density by 29%. If 95% of nests are destroyed, the species’ spread and nest density could decline by 43% and 53%, respectively. 5.Synthesis and applications. The mathematical model developed in this study shows that human-mediated dispersal of the invasive yellow-legged hornet may not be the only factor explaining the hornet's rapid range expansion and that controlling this invasive pest is still possible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce self-mediated dispersal and to intensify and improve control measures to diminish the species’ impact and prevent its further spread. Control measures could combine the mechanical removal and destruction of individuals or infested materials with biological control techniques.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 26 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02625274v1

[hal-02622945] Deciphering the worldwide invasion of the Asian long-horned beetle: A recurrent invasion process from the native area together with a bridgehead effect

Retracing introduction routes is crucial for understanding the evolutionary processes involved in an invasion, as well as for highlighting the invasion history of a species at the global scale. The Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis is a xylophagous pest native to Asia and invasive in North America and Europe. It is responsible for severe losses of urban trees, in both its native and invaded ranges. Based on historical and genetic data, several hypotheses have been formulated concerning its invasion history, including the possibility of multiple introductions from the native zone and secondary dispersal within the invaded areas, but none have been formally tested. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of ALB in both its native and invaded ranges using microsatellites. In order to test different invasion scenarios, we used an approximate Bayesian "random forest" algorithm together with traditional population genetics approaches. The strong population differentiation observed in the native area was not geographically structured, suggesting complex migration events that were probably human-mediated. Both native and invasive populations had low genetic diversity, but this characteristic did not prevent the success of the ALB invasions. Our results highlight the complexity of invasion pathways for insect pests. Specifically, our findings indicate that invasive species might be repeatedly introduced from their native range, and they emphasize the importance of multiple, human-mediated introductions in successful invasions. Finally, our results demonstrate that invasive species can spread across continents following a bridgehead path, in which an invasive population may have acted as a source for another invasion.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marion Javal) 26 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02622945v1

[hal-02620320] Termination of pupal diapause in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa

Diapause development is a complex process involving several eco-physiological phases. Understanding these phases, especially diapause termination, is vital for interpreting the life history of many insect species and for developing suitable predictive models of population dynamics. The pine processionary moth is a major defoliator of pine and a vertebrate health hazard in the Mediterranean region. This species can display either univoltine or semivoltine development, with a pupal diapause extending from a few months to several years, respectively. Although the ecological and applied importance of diapause is acknowledged, its physiological regulation in either case remains obscure. In the present study, we characterize pre-termination, termination and post-termination phases of pupae developing as univoltine or remaining in prolonged diapause. Changes in metabolic activity are monitored continuously using thermocouples, comprising a novel method based on direct calorimetry, and periodically by use of O-2 respirometry. The two methods clearly detect diapause termination in both types of pupae before any visible morphological or behavioural changes can be observed. Univoltine individuals are characterized by an increase in metabolic activity from pre-termination through to termination and post-termination, ultimately resulting in emergence. Remarkably, a synchronous termination is observed in individuals that enter prolonged diapause instead of emerging; however, in these pupae, the increased metabolic activity is only transient. The present study represents a starting point toward understanding the eco-physiology of diapause development processes in the pupae of the pine processionary moth.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Md Habibur Rahman Salman) 26 May 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02620320v1

[hal-02542093] Effectiveness of clear‐cuttings in non‐fragmented pine forests in relation to EU regulations for the eradication of the pine wood nematode

The invasive pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most serious threats to pine forests across the world. Detected in Europe in 1999, it has largely spread despite containment measures. Following the European Union regulations, the requested eradication measure is to fell, remove and dispose of all susceptible plants within a clear-cut zone (CCZ) of a radius of 500 m around any infected tree. This measure is controversial since its effectiveness is questioned. An individual-based model, describing the dispersal of the nematode vector and the nematode transmission,was used to estimate the relationship between the radius and the effectiveness of the CCZ at eradicatingthe PWN.. Clear-cutting of a 500 m-radius is poorly effective in non-fragmented pine forests since it reduces the number of PWN transmissions by only 0.6 % 11.5 %. To significantly reduce the number of transmissions, the radius should be between 14 and 38 km, which is obviously not technically nor ethically feasible. Policy implications. Our results, based on model simulations at a fine spatial scale,prove that clear-cutting susceptible trees 500 m around any infested tree –as requested by EU regulation to eradicate the pine wood nematode –is not effective in large and continuous pine forests. Instead, strengthened surveillance and sanitation felling could be explored.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christelle Robinet) 14 Apr 2020

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02542093v1

[hal-01606628] A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host-use evolution

Gracillariidae are one of the most diverse families of internally feeding insects, and many species are economically important. Study of this family has been hampered by lack of a robust and comprehensive phylogeny. In the present paper, we sequenced up to 22 genes in 96 gracillariid species, representing all previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups, plus 20 outgroups representing other families and superfamilies. Following objective identification and removal of two rogue taxa, two datasets were constructed: dataset 1, which included 12 loci totalling 9927 bp for 94 taxa, and dataset 2, which supplemented dataset 1 with 10 additional loci for 10 taxa, for a total of 22 loci and 16 167 bp. Maximum likelihood analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Gracillariidae and most previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups. On this basis, we propose a new classification consisting of eight subfamilies, four of which are newly recognized or resurrected: Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Gracillariinae Stainton; Lithocolletinae Stainton; Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Oecophyllembiinae Real & Balachowsky; Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova stat. rev.; and Phyllocnistinae Zeller. The subfamily Gracillariinae is restricted to the monophyletic group comprising GracillariaHaworth and closely related genera. We also formally transfer Acrocercops scriptulataMeyrick to Ornixolinae and use the name DiphtheroptilaVari, creating Diphtheroptila scriptulatacomb. n. An exploratory mapping of larval host-use traits on the phylogeny shows strong conservation of modes of leaf mining but much higher lability of associations with host plant orders and families, suggesting that host shifts could play a significant role in gracillariid diversification. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, .

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Akito Y. Kawahara) 03 Oct 2017

https://hal.science/hal-01606628v1

[hal-01092614] Epidemiology of asexuality induced by the endosymbiotic Wolbachia across phytophagous wasp species: host plant specialization matters.

Among eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is by far the most predominant mode of reproduction. However, some systems maintaining sexuality appear particularly labile and raise intriguing questions on the evolutionary routes to asexuality. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is a form of spontaneous loss of sexuality leading to strong distortion of sex ratio towards females and resulting from mutation, hybridization or infection by bacterial endosymbionts. We investigated whether ecological specialization is a likely mechanism of spread of thelytoky within insect communities. Focusing on the highly specialized genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), we first performed a large literature survey to examine the distribution of thelytoky in these wasps across their respective obligate host plant families. Second, we tested for thelytoky caused by endosymbionts by screening in 15 arrhenotokous and 10 thelytokous species for Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus and Rickettsia endosymbionts and by performing antibiotic treatments. Finally, we performed phylogenetic reconstructions using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to examine the evolution of endosymbiont-mediated thelytoky in Megastigmus and its possible connections to host plant specialization. We demonstrate that thelytoky evolved from ancestral arrhenotoky through the horizontal transmission and the fixation of the parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia. We find that ecological specialization in Wolbachia's hosts was probably a critical driving force for Wolbachia infection and spread of thelytoky, but also a constraint. Our work further reinforces the hypothesis that community structure of insects is a major driver of the epidemiology of endosymbionts and that competitive interactions among closely related species may facilitate their horizontal transmission.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Boivin) 30 Jun 2017

https://inria.hal.science/hal-01092614v1

[hal-01522971] Community genetics in the time of next-generation molecular technologies

Understanding the interactions of co-occurring species within and across trophic levels provides key information needed for understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie biological diversity. As genetics has only recently been integrated into the study of community-level interactions, the time is right for a critical evaluation of potential new, gene-based approaches to studying communities. Next-generation molecular techniques, used in parallel with field-based observations and manipulative experiments across spatio-temporal gradients, are key to expanding our understanding of community-level processes. Here, we introduce a variety of ‘-omics’ tools, with recent studies of plant–insect herbivores and of ectomycorrhizal systems providing detailed examples of how next-generation approaches can revolutionize our understanding of interspecific interactions. We suggest ways that novel technologies may convert community genetics from a field that relies on correlative inference to one that reveals causal mechanisms of genetic co-variation and adaptations within communities.

ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Felix Gugerli) 15 May 2017

https://hal.science/hal-01522971v1

Nom du cookie	Finalité	Durée de conservation
Cookies de sessions CAS et PHP	Identifiants de connexion, sécurisation de session	Session
Tarteaucitron	Sauvegarde vos choix en matière de consentement des cookies	12 mois

Nom du cookie	Finalité	Durée de conservation
atid	Tracer le parcours du visiteur afin d’établir les statistiques de visites.	13 mois
atuserid	Stocker l'ID anonyme du visiteur qui se lance dès la première visite du site	13 mois
atidvisitor	Recenser les numsites (identifiants unique d'un site) vus par le visiteur et stockage des identifiants du visiteur.	13 mois

Nos publications

HAL : Dernières publications

[hal-03846951] A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe

[hal-05057758] Exploring the taxonomic status of the Palearctic cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris, inferred from morphometric and molecular data

[hal-05168055] Human contributions to global soundscapes are less predictable than the acoustic rhythms of wildlife

[hal-05651852] Introduced or established? Convergent evidence indicates imported pine wood nematode vectors occupy gaps in native distribution

[hal-05752483] Cascading effects of forest decline on habitat conditions and biodiversity in temperate forests

[hal-05742111] Impacts of clearcut accumulation on boreal forest bird communities: Defining a safe operating space at the landscape level

[hal-05717593] From forest stand decline to salvage logging: Cascading impacts on saproxylic beetle diversity

[hal-05585664] How to eradicate an invasive forest pest without clear‐cutting

[hal-05546422] DATASAPROX: standardised dataset from protocolled sampling of saproxylic beetles in continental France and Corsica

[hal-04672656] Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence

[hal-04312043] Moths and butterflies on alien shores: Global biogeography of non‐native Lepidoptera

[hal-04273563] Patterns of speciation in a parapatric pair of Saturnia moths as revealed by target capture

[hal-04132693] The worldwide invasion history of a pest ambrosia beetle inferred using population genomics

[hal-03555428] Potential spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae) in Europe

[hal-03593276] Larvae of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera; Cerambycidae) have evolved a diverse and phylogenetically conserved array of plant cell wall degrading enzymes

[hal-02824288] Lepidoptera. Chapter 11

[hal-02821025] Anthropogenic pathways in the spread of the pinewood nematode and predictions of future expansion

[hal-02774447] Expression of proteinase inhibitors in transgenic poplar and oilseed rape plants

[hal-02775692] Peut-on planter des peupliers transgéniques ? Cas de la résistance aux insectes

[hal-02699168] Physiological factors regulating polyandry in Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)

[hal-02697678] Recherche de la toxicité de diverses souches de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner vis-à-vis de trois espèces de limaces

[hal-02696029] Comparative community ecology studies on old world figs and fig wasps

[hal-02688224] Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the seed chalcid Megastigmus wachtli (Hymenoptera)

[hal-02687544] The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on breaking diapause of Diprion pini L. (Hym., Diprionidae)

[hal-02679630] Forecasting Cameraria ohridella invasion dynamics in recently invaded countries: from validation to prediction

[hal-02668114] Effect of non-lethal sampling on life-history traits of the protected moth Graellsia isabelae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

[hal-02664477] High intercontinental migration rates and population admixture in the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma ips

[hal-02663578] Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers reveal a Balkan origin for the highly invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)

[hal-02662104] The role of topography in structuring the demographic history of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

[hal-02661793] Phylogeography of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the Near East

[hal-02659303] Role of human-mediated dispersal in the spread of the pinewood nematode in China

[hal-02656591] Molecular phylogeny and evolution of host-plant use in conifer seed chalcids in the genus Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)

[hal-02655938] Molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL): gut contents of adult parasitoid wasps reveal larval host

[hal-02654307] Tentative analysis of the interceptions of non- indigenous organisms in Europe during 1995-2004

[hal-02651792] Inferences on population history of a seed chalcid wasp: invasion success despite a severe founder effect from an unexpected source population.

[hal-02643366] Modelling and mapping spread in pest risk analysis: a generic approach

[hal-02644003] Molecular characterization of three genes encoding aminopeptidases N in the poplar leaf beetle Chrysomela tremulae

[hal-02640320] Incongruent evolutionary histories of two parasitoids in the Mediterranean Basin: influence of host specialization and ecological characteristics

[hal-02638395] Bumble bee workers drift to conspecific nests at field scales

[hal-02628233] Multi-component blends for trapping native and exotic longhorn beetles at potential points-of-entry and in forests

[hal-02627982] Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union

[hal-02626202] Developing a framework of minimum standards for the risk assessment of alien species

[hal-02625274] Rapid spread of the invasive yellow-legged hornet in France: the role of human-mediated dispersal and the effects of control measures

[hal-02622945] Deciphering the worldwide invasion of the Asian long-horned beetle: A recurrent invasion process from the native area together with a bridgehead effect

[hal-02620320] Termination of pupal diapause in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa

[hal-02542093] Effectiveness of clear‐cuttings in non‐fragmented pine forests in relation to EU regulations for the eradication of the pine wood nematode

[hal-01606628] A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host-use evolution

[hal-01092614] Epidemiology of asexuality induced by the endosymbiotic Wolbachia across phytophagous wasp species: host plant specialization matters.

[hal-01522971] Community genetics in the time of next-generation molecular technologies

Dans cette rubrique

Les publications 2016

Les publications 2015

Les publications 2014

Les publications 2013

Les publications 2012

Les publications 2011